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Cette thèse étudie la manière dont les rappeurs engagés et les acteurs des institutions publiques se représentent mutuellement. Elle étudie les interactions entre les rappeurs, les acteurs institutionnels et les intermédiaires (médiateurs, éducateurs, animateurs etc.) Elle tente d’analyser et de comprendre les dysfonctionnements communicationnels et de savoir quels rôles peuvent jouer la médiation et la communication interculturelle dans un contexte de conflits. Nous avons choisi d’étudier la relation entre les rappeurs et les institutions publiques selon une démarche systémique, interculturelle et interactionniste, qui nous a conduits à privilégier certains concepts clés : l’interaction, la médiation, la construction d’identité, la communication interculturelle, l’intégration, l’institution, les stratégies identitaires, les représentations sociales, la trace, les industries culturelles et créatives, la démocratie et la démocratisation culturelle. D’un point de vue méthodologique, cette thèse s’appuie sur une démarche qualitative. L’enquête utilise des entretiens semi-directifs et des observations directes (Piretz, 2004) de rappeurs et d’institutionnels dans les quartiers populaires situés dans les zones périphériques du Havre, complétés par l’étude d’un corpus d’émissions radiophoniques et télévisuelles, de textes et de vidéo-clips des rappeurs. La comparaison avec les politiques publiques d'autres villes françaises est en outre utilisée comme stratégie de recherche pour éclairer la situation spécifique du territoire havrais. La thèse se compose de trois parties, chacune contenant deux chapitres. / This thesis examines the mutual representation of rappers and actors of public institutions. It studies the interactions between rappers, institutional actors and the intermediaries amongst whom the mediators. It tries to analyze and understand the communicative dysfunctions and to know what roles mediation and intercultural communication could play in the context of conflicts. We chose to study the relationship between rappers and public institutions in a systemic, intercultural and interactionist approach which lead us to favour certain key concepts: interaction, mediation, identity construction, intercultural communication, integration, institution, identity strategies, social representations, the trace, the cultural and creative industries, democracy and cultural democratization. From a methodological point of view, this thesis is based on a qualitative approach. The survey uses the semi-structured interviews and the direct observations (Piretz, 2004) of rappers and institutional agents in the “immigrant and working class” areas of Le Havre. The survey was supplemented by an analysis of programs of radio and television, texts, and video clips of rappers. The comparison with other public policy in french cities is also used as a research strategy to clarify the specific situation of Le Havre territory. The thesis is formed by three parts, each one contains two chapters.

Magister Legum - LLM / The resolution of disputes, including unfair dismissal disputes under the Labour Act 2007 is being criticised for being too complex, inefficient, protracted, expensive, and highly legalistic. This thesis would denote that the provision of proactive and expeditious dispute resolution systems helps to resolve labour disputes in the most effective and efficient manner, without necessarily having to resort to the courts. The ultimate goal is to ensure that the legal framework regulating the labour dispute system in Namibia assures the use of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) of its credibility, thereby creating confidence and enabling stakeholders to trust the system. Ideally, disputes should be resolved at the conciliation level, resulting in the minority of disputes being referred to arbitration or the Labour Court. The Office of the Labour Commissioner must be independent of the state, since the state is the largest employer, to ensure the stakeholders trust the system. However, it has been established that there are gaps between the legal framework relating to labour dispute resolution and the application of laws and regulations in practice, making the attainment of effective and efficient labour dispute resolution difficult. Therefore, the thesis will analyse the ADR in Namibia to finding out if the system is sufficient and appropriate for society’s need and to provide a recommendation for the system that is a quicker, equitable, and amicable way of resolving the disputes outside the courts through conciliation and arbitration.

Diploma thesis "Mediation Analysis in Sociology" deals with mediation analysis and possibilities of its application in sociology, depending on the type of the dependent variable that enters the analysis. In the first case the dependent variable is continuous - in this case the SPSS software and its PROCESS add-on are used to directly analyse the mediation. In the second case the dependent variable that enters the analysis is binary - the PROCESS add-on doesn't allow this option; therefore, the analysis is performed in SPSS software by the set of linear and logistic regressions according to the Baron & Kenny method. Two case studies from the field of sociology, GSS (General Social Survey) and ISSP (International Social Survey Programme), are used in the thesis and the consequences of the transition from continuous dependent variable to binary are examined using the secondary analysis of these data.

Armed conflict affects men and women differently due to their previous roles in the society. For instance, it often crucially changes the status of women and enhances their emancipation. Therefore, women should be included in conflict resolution as well as in peace negotiations and post-conflict reconstruction, to ensure sustainable peace. Examples from many African countries driven by conflict denote that women are not automatically included in these processes. This single intrinsic case study documents the work of women peace mediators in Burundi. At the theoretical level, the study argues for an elicitive endogenous approach to peacebuilding, embedded in the conflict transformation theory by John Paul Lederach. Nevertheless, theoretical concepts are not emphasized because they tend to limit the mediators' agenda which actually involves a wide range of conflict handling mechanisms. The main part of the study is based on semi-formal questionnaires filled out by women peace mediators in Bujumbura. The goal of the research is twofold: First, it is aimed to introduce the mediators and to understand their motivations to mediate. Second, it documents their everyday work by analysing official reports. The findings show that an "average" mediator is a married woman, with children, with at least secondary...

In the diploma thesis titled "Mediation in the Czech legal framework and comparative analysis with foreign legislation", the author aims to analyze how the basic principles of mediation are legislated in the legal systems of the Czech Republic, the Federal Republic of Germany and the United States of America. By applying a combination of methods of quantitative and qualitative comparative analysis, the author deals with the question of how the legal regulation of mediation affects the usage of court-ordered mediation and the success of such a mediation process. The author focused mainly on the legal grounding of the main principles of mediation, the historical and cultural context of their origin and the form of the mediation process for court-ordered mediation. The author based her work on the authentic wording of legal regulations and used officially available data for the quantitative comparative analysis, which related the usage of court-ordered mediation in the analyzed countries.

Ce travail de recherche s’inscrit dans le champ à la fois traductologique et sociolinguistique. Il est réalisé dans un environnement sociolinguistique particulièrement marqué par la diversité des langues dont la coexistence montre une inégalité de statut et d’usage. Notre étude porte sur deux langues dont le français et le wolof et couvre toute la période post-coloniale (de 1960 à aujourd’hui) pendant laquelle la question lancinante de la promotion des langues nationales reste la préoccupation majeure des différentes politiques linguistiques. Elle s’attache à étudier la traduction comme moyen de reconnaissance des langues nationales sénégalaises et comme outil de promotion des échanges entre ces langues et le français, seule langue officielle du pays. Cette thèse tente de démontrer la place incontournable de la traduction dans le rétablissement des équilibres linguistiques et socio-culturels mais également dans l’édification des langues nationales et de leur littérature. Cette étude mettra en avant les notions de transfert et de médiation entre les langues et cultures qui coexistent et au cœur desquelles se trouve la traduction. Elle est basée sur un corpus parallèle de textes du droit et de la santé traduits du français vers le wolof. / Our research work falls within the field of both translation studies and sociolinguistics. The sociolinguistic environment in which it is carried out is particularly characterized by a great diversity of languages that are unequal in terms of status and use. This study focuses on two languages, french and wolof, and covers the entire postcolonial period (from the independance in 1960 to now) during which the main concern of the different linguistic policies is about the promotion of the national languages. The aim is to study translation as a means that contributes to the recognition of of Senegalese languages and also as a tool that favours exchanges between these languages and French that represents the only official language of the country. This thesis attempts to show the important place of translation in restoring linguistic and socio-cultural balances and the role it plays and has to plays in the devolopment of national languages and their written literature. Therefore, we will put emphasis on the notions of tranfer and mediation between the languages and cultures that coexist. Finally, this study is based on a parallel corpus of legal and health texts translated from French to Wolof.

This study aims to understand the interaction within cabin crew members and study the teaching methods regarding communication to the cabin crew. For exploring this matter, interviews with two cabin crew instructors were conducted. These interviews have been analysed by using socio-cultural theory on learning, along with relevant theoretic terms to comprehend how interaction and communication between cabin crew members are taught. The interviews with the instructors have been analyzed from a socio-cultural perspective with concepts relevant to the study; language as a tool, crew resource management as a communicative method and mediation, which can be explained as how something is conveyed. By analyzing the interviews and interpreting them from the socio-cultural perspective, three categories were established. These were: teaching environment, crew resource management and safe teaching environment and finally social interaction. The results of the study indicate that one of the most critical factors for teaching communicative skills and the understanding thereof is the numerous years of working experience of the cabin crew instructors. Another crucial result from this study demonstrates that in order to teach communication skills to cabin crew effectively, it may be necessary to re-evaluate the methods in which the subject is instructed to cabin crew as the training program for cabin crew is based mainly on pilot manuals. Onward research in the field may also regard the use of virtual-reality methods through VR-goggles, which is something the respondents briefly explained as an exciting breakthrough in cabin crew teaching methods. / Studiens syfte är att undersöka instruktörers erfarenheter och upplevelser om undervisningen av säkerhetsbärande kommunikation till kabinpersonal i ett flygbolag. För att studera detta har två djupgående intervjuer genomförts med två instruktörer eftersom det är instruktörerna som är ansvariga för att undervisa om kommunikationen som kabinpersonalen senare använder i den dagliga verksamheten. Intervjuerna med instruktörerna genomfördes genom video och/eller telefonsamtal och har därefter analyserats utifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv med för studien relevanta begrepp; språket som redskap, crew resource management som kommunikativ metod samt mediering, vilket kan förklaras som hur någonting förmedlas. Med hjälp av att analysera intervjuerna och tolka dem utifrån det sociokulturella perspektivet kunde tre kategorier uppmärksammas: undervisningsmiljö, CRM och trygg undervisningsmiljö samt social interaktion. Studiens resultat visar att en av de viktigaste faktorerna i undervisningen och i synnerhet kommunikation, är instruktörens egen yrkeserfarenhet vilken visat sig viktig för undervisningen om kommunikation. Ett annat viktigt resultat från undersökningen är att den belyser instruktörernas erfarenheter av hur teori och praktik samspelar i undervisningen. Med resultat från denna studie uppmuntras till fortsatta studier om undervisningen för kabinpersonal i syfte att belysa och effektivisera den kommunikation som kabinpersonalen arbetar med dagligen. Ett intressant ämne som framfördes genom intervjuerna med respondenterna är möjligheten att arbeta med VR-glasögon, alltså glasögon som genom en virtuell värld kan återge undervisningsmiljö som annars kan vara svåråtkomlig.

Denna studie har som mål att utforska de attityder som pedagoger har till lärandet genom digitala spel i användningen inom skolverksamheten. Det studien mer specifikt kommer att undersöka “Hur förhåller sig pedagoger till användningen av digitala spel i skolverksamheten”. Vi har använt semistrukturerade intervjuer för att samla in vårt empiriska material. Ett sociokulturellt perspektiv användes för att analysera det empiriska materialet som hade samlats in.  Slutsatsen av denna studie är att pedagoger har en positiv inställning till lärandet genom digitala spel samt att lärandet och utvecklingen av kunskaper sker i koppling till skolämnen men även till den personliga utvecklingen hos barnen via kommunikationen som sker mellan varandra. Dessutom understryks det att pedagoger måste utveckla sin egen kunskap och sitt engagemang för användning av digitala spel för att framgångsrikt kunna hantera en pedagogisk användning genom spel, för att eleverna ska få möjlighet att lära sig genom sina intressen. / This essay aims to explore the understanding of leisure-time teachers attitudes about using digital games in leisure-time activities. What the essay more particularly will investigate is “How do educators relate to the use of digital games in schools’ leisure-time activities?”. We have used semi-structured interviews to gather our empirical material. Sociocultural perspective was used to analyze the empirical material collected. The findings of the essay shows that educators have a positive attitude towards learning through digital games, that the learning and development of the educational and the personal areas of the children evolve. Furthermore, it is underlined that educators must develop their own knowledge and commitment towards the use of digital games to be able to successfully manage an educational use of games that is in the interest of the children that are learning.