<p>The essay begins by asserting that the theoretical approaches of men’s violence against women are just as important to study as its extent. The purpose is therefore to analyse and compare two theoretical approaches which is done by a comparative text analysis of two texts written on the subject. The essay attempts to answer two questions; what the theoretical approaches are and how they can be understood in light of feminist theory.</p><p>Previous research on men’s violence against women discuss especially three theoretical aspects. These are how the concept is defined, if the different forms of violence are being treated separately or not, and how it is explained. These aspects are used as the basis for the analysis which is conducted in two steps.</p><p>The result shows that the theoretical approaches analysed share many similarities with both each other and the feminist theory. All apply a broad definition, hold the different forms of violence together, and consider the most basic explanation for the violence to be the unequal power structure between the sexes. The biggest difference between the two theoretical approaches and the feminist theory is that the former also emphasizes other explanatory levels as well as the purely structural.</p>

Men’s violence against women includes acquaintance rape, intimate partner violence, sexual assault, and partner stalking and occurs at particularly high rates on college campuses (Fisher, Cullen, & Turner, 2000). Although men are increasingly becoming involved in efforts to prevent these forms of violence, little is known about their motivation and the processes that lead to their involvement. The purpose of this project was to examine how undergraduate male students become social justice allies involved in preventing men’s violence against women. The theoretical frameworks of this study included transformative learning theory (Mezirow, 1997, 2000) and feminist theory (Worell & Remer, 2003). Data were generated from six male social justice ally exemplars nominated for their sustained involvement in prevention work. Eligible and interested participants completed two individual interviews, demographic forms, Social Locations Worksheets (Worell & Remer, 2003), and male social justice ally development timelines. The qualitative data were analyzed using constructivist grounded theory (Charmaz, 2006) by the author and three peer debriefers. Findings provide an initial framework for conceptualizing male social justice ally development, including predisposing factors and shifts in perspective that were critical to their antiviolence work and factors that sustained their involvement. Participants also described integrating their social justice ally work into their identity and connecting with other forms of social activism. These themes provide a framework for understanding how men become invested in preventing men’s violence against women as undergraduate students and implications for ways to engage more men in these efforts.

Background: Intimate partner violence, nursing care, men’s violence against women, nurses. Intimate partner violence and men’s violence against women is a health problem globally,socially and across all social classes. Different theoretical perspectives exist about the causes of intimate partner violence. Health consequences for women who are victims of intimate partner violence is a fact and go against human rights. Healthcare and nurses have a responsibility in providing good reception and good nursing care. Women exposed to intimate partner violence have torn experiences of nurses nursing care. Aim: To describe nurses’ nursing care towards women that are victims of intimate partner violence. Method: A literature study based on nine qualitative scientific articles with a content analysis. Results: Two main categories and four sub-categories emerged about nurses’ care of abused women. The main category Aspects related to care with the subcategories Nurses’ treatment and Nurses’ nursing measures. The main category Aspects related to communication with the subcategories Nurses’ identification of intimate partner violence and Nurses’ sensitivity. Conclusion: A deficiency in nursing care is between nurses and women exposed to intimate partner violence. Organizational factor, social structures and uncertainty about referrals can affect nursing care. Screening for intimate partner violence, knowledge and experience of intimate partner violence as well as the women participating in their own care is important to provide good care. Clinical significance: Discussions regarding attitudes toward intimate partner violence and how the nurses nursing care can be facilitated on organizational level need to be carried out. Training about intimate partner violence is still needed in workplaces and nursing school to provide better care to women exposed to intimate partner violence. Screening should be implemented and insured in nursing care.

This thesis identifies discourses of women leaving abusive male partners by examining the works on the matter by famous IPVAW researchers Viveka Enander, Carin Holmberg, and Margareta Hydén. Using discourse analysis, and thus a social constructivist approach, I have studied how the researchers explain women’s leaving processes and the resistance associated with those by drawing on the theories of Normalization of Violence and Neutralization of Violence respectively. Further, this thesis examines both what women are included in the research studies and how women leaving their abusive partners are portrayed in the material. By using an intersectional perspective, I explore who is missing from the research material and what impact their absence might have. I argue that discourses have an impact on people’s lived realities, thus who is depicted as a victim of abuse by being included as a subject in research is highly important. In short, the findings draw attention to how researchers within the same field provide different modes of explanation and thus comes to different conclusions based on the theories chosen for the study, ultimately leading to that they (re)produce different discourses which create a discursive struggle. The thesis also highlights the necessity of including an intersectional framework when researching women exposed to violence.

The popularity of true crime podcasts has increased in recent years. The majority of truecrime content consists of stories with female victims and male perpetrators, and can therefore be described as portraying men’s violence against women. This study aimed to identify what discourses about men’s violence against women that are constructed in true crime podcasts. The study has utilized critical discourse analysis, focusing on three dimensions of men’s violence against women: the female victim, the male perpetrator and the nature of the violence. The results of the study showed, among other things, that the male perpertrator was constructed as a deviant being, striving for sexual satisfaction. At the same time, the female victim was idealised, described as beautiful and caring. The podcasts also constructed a discourse of men’s violence against women as primarly consisting of phsysical and sexual violence. The results of the study have been analyzed using Connell’s theory on gender, which demonstrated that true crime podcasts reconstruct many gender norms that confirm the prevailing gender order. Furthermore, the results have been analyzed using Rafter’s theory on popular criminology, which presents true crime podcasts as an important dimension of our cultural understanding of crime. From the perspective of popular criminology, the discourses found in the result of this study contribute to the understanding of our society’s political direction and implementations of policies regarding men’s violence against women. / <p>2022-01-31</p>

As the number of cases of the COVID-19 virus spread across the world in the beginning of 2020, governments decided to take measures to stop the spread of the virus. These measures limited individual’s freedom of movement and soon thereafter, the number of domestic violence cases increased. While the increase in domestic violence has almost interchangeably been linked to the enforcement of lockdowns, statistics have indicated an increase in domestic violence in Sweden as well whereas they never enforced any lockdowns. The aim of this thesis is thus to explore this issue further by interviewing staff at women’s shelters and support services in Sweden to examine how they perceive how the pandemic has impacted the situation of men’s violence against women (as most cases of domestic violence is a matter of a man abusing a woman), their organizations, and their relationship with the women. The theoretical lens of shared trauma has been used to explore how the relationship between the organizations and the women have been affected as they navigate through the shared traumatic reality of the pandemic. The analytical tool used in this study is by a thematic analysis, whereas 7 themes were located: (1) Change in the level of support, (2) Change in the level of violence, (3) The role of the media and public perception, (4) Economic uncertainty and vulnerability, (5) Governmental directives, (6) Sharing a traumatic experience, and (7) Posttraumatic growth. The study concludes that the pandemic has impacted the women’s shelters and support services in this study quite a lot, both in negative and positive terms. Whilst the study indicates an increased level of men’s violence against women, the organizations have on the other hand been forced by the pandemic to develop their organizational structure to reach the women who have been isolated in their homes, and thus improved a lot of tools to support these women in the future.

This PhD by project consists of a Manual for workers engaged in men’s behaviour change programs and a dissertation that theorises the principles underpinning the approach. The Manual and the dissertation examine a constructivist approach to challenging men’s violence against women. / The project, which is situated in rural Australia, is called the Men’s SHED (Self Help Ending Domestics) Project. The SHED Manual is based on a constructivist approach to men’s violence against women that reflects best practice principles within a profeminist framework. The Manual is comprised of eight sections that articulate various aspects of challenging men’s violence against women, with individuals, groups and communities. The dissertation details the journey of the project from its inception in 1994 to the beginning of 2002. / Personal construct theory provides a philosophical basis for the approach being enunciated in this study and it enables an exploration of constructive alternatives in engaging and challenging men towards behaviour change. As such, it is utilised both in engaging men to become non-violent and at the same time, reflexively enabling workers and facilitators to examine ways in which they can construct more effective ways for this to happen. The project is thus one of hopeful anticipation leading to new constructive alternatives in the endeavour to stop men’s violence against women.

The aim of this thesis is to analyze the media discussions of the rape in Bjästa 2009 and to reveal how stereotypical illusions of ethnicity, religion and gender affect how media understands and defines violence. The rape in Bjästa occurred in a “Swedish context” but has been defined as honor related in other arenas outside media. This discussion occurred because the whole village turned against the woman that was raped and supported the perpetrator– a phenomena that speaks against the idea of an equal society and a behavior that is usually understood as honor related and something that the ‘others’ do. Therefore, I have chosen to investigate one case without comparing it to another, because the discussions of this particular case reflect how the debate about men’s violence against women and honor related violence generally is presented. I have argued that when a perpetrator practices men’s violence against women it is described and explained as something individual and as a result of psychological issues whereas honor related violence is explained as a collective action with cultural influences. I have examined 35 articles and 5 blog articles by using a critical analysis method and have specifically been interested in what explanations are used due to the fact that the involved were Swedish but were participating in a collective action of legitimating violence. The results show that the collective behavior is being explained by new explanations such as mass psychosis and collective cultures (that only occur in smaller cities). The strategy behind this is to separate and define the Bjästa case as something “unswedish” so the Swedish nation can uphold an image as an equal and individual society – and in the same time uphold the idea of honor related violence as something foreign and “imported”.

Hate crime and men’s violence against women are two well-recognised and highly prioritised human rights phenomena in both international and local contexts. Yet, the idea of linking the two phenomena together has received very limited support. As a series of lethal acts of Incel- violence – violence characterised by misogynistic motives and an alt-right ideology of male supremacy – have taken place globally in recent years, a discussion on the region of the human rights spectrum where gendered violence and hate crime legislation overlap is more relevant than ever. Thus, this study’s overarching purpose is to – through a comparative analysis of studies on hate crime and men’s violence against women from the United States, the United Kingdom, and Sweden – investigate the definition of hate crime and its scope in relation to gendered violence with a primary objective of identifying factors that explain why violent crimes against women motivated by misogynistic principles are rarely, if ever, recognised as hate crimes. By drawing on explanatory models of normalisation and theories on power relations, the practice of othering, the male norm and the norm of masculinity, and gendered spheres, the study sets out to evaluate a thesis that suggests that the infrequent inclusion of violent crimes with female victims in the legal and general perception of hate crime can be at least partially explained with reference to the normalisation of male violence against women, and the traditional expectation and assumption that violence against women is rooted in personal, emotional conflicts rather than impersonal hate motives. The analysis initially explores how the gender category is positioned within the legal phenomenon of hate crime by looking at a generalised criteria for hate crime, the normative view on hate crime victims, the reporting and statistics of hate crime, and arguments for and against the inclusion of a gender category in legal statues on bias crimes. The analysis then moves on to analyse three different categories of violence against women – domestic abuse, sexual assault and rape, and Incel-violence – in relation to gendered power dynamics and norms. The study’s results show that even though motives of hate can be linked to different forms of gendered violence, the traditional understanding of what constitutes a hate crime and a hate crime victim along with stereotypical assumptions on what male-on-female violence looks like, makes men’s violence against women appear incompatible with the hate crime phenomenon even in situations when cases of gendered violence actually fit into the generalised hate crime criteria that legal authorities and the public accept as the definition of a hate crime.

Syftet med denna flermetodsstudie har varit att med utgångspunkt i lagen (2023:196) om kommuners ansvar för brottsförebyggande arbete, som träder i kraft i juli 2023, ge en lägesbild av hur kommunerna i Uppsala län statistikför och arbetar med orosanmälningar gällande misstänkt våld. Studien skrevs på uppdrag av Länsstyrelsen i Uppsala som del i det brottsförebyggande arbetet mot mäns våld mot kvinnor. För att besvara syftet har inledningsvis samtliga orosanmälningar på barn 0–17 år gällande misstänkt våld under 2022 begärts ut från kommunerna i Uppsala län. Insamlingen av statistik följdes av intervjuer med socialsekreterare och förstehandläggare från fem av åtta kommuner i Uppsala län. Studiens teoretiska ramverk är the Decision- Making Ecology och the General Assessment and Decision- Making Model, vilka används för att öka förståelsen för hur beslut fattas på barnskyddsområdet. Resultatet i den kvantitativa delen visade att det fanns en stor variation på hur orosanmälningar gällande misstänkt våld statistikförs mellan kommunerna i Uppsala län. Vidare framkom det att kommunerna definierar våld på olika sätt, och att enbart en kommun uttryckligen statistikför misstanke om barn som har bevittnat våld. Resultatet i den kvalitativa delen visade att majoriteten av intervjupersonerna uppger att merparten av orosanmälningar gällande misstänkt våld leder till utredning, och att det ska motiveras väl om detta frångås. Samtliga intervjupersoner betonar vikten av en välfungerande samverkan och flera berättar om arbetet med att informera andra professionella om deras lagstadgade plikt att anmäla oro enligt socialtjänstlagen (2001:453) 14 kap. 1 §. För att arbeta ur ett mer barnrättsperspektiv föreslås det att utveckla enhetliga sätt att statistikföra orosanmälningar gällande misstänkt våld samt gemensamma definitioner av olika former av våld.