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Preface to Forest Conflicts : A Growing Research FieldEckerberg, Katarina, Sandström, Camilla January 2013 (has links)
No description available.
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Studying conflicts, proposing solutions : Towards multi-level approaches to the analyses of forest conflictsSandström, Camilla, Eckerberg, Katarina, Raitio, Kaisa January 2013 (has links)
No description available.
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Mäns våld mot kvinnor ur ett teoretiskt perspektivMårtensson, Ingrid January 2006 (has links)
<p>The essay begins by asserting that the theoretical approaches of men’s violence against women are just as important to study as its extent. The purpose is therefore to analyse and compare two theoretical approaches which is done by a comparative text analysis of two texts written on the subject. The essay attempts to answer two questions; what the theoretical approaches are and how they can be understood in light of feminist theory.</p><p>Previous research on men’s violence against women discuss especially three theoretical aspects. These are how the concept is defined, if the different forms of violence are being treated separately or not, and how it is explained. These aspects are used as the basis for the analysis which is conducted in two steps.</p><p>The result shows that the theoretical approaches analysed share many similarities with both each other and the feminist theory. All apply a broad definition, hold the different forms of violence together, and consider the most basic explanation for the violence to be the unequal power structure between the sexes. The biggest difference between the two theoretical approaches and the feminist theory is that the former also emphasizes other explanatory levels as well as the purely structural.</p>
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Avaliação de textos produzidos na aula de língua portuguesa: abordagens teóricas, questões didático-metodológicas e suas repercussões / Evaluation of texts produced in portuguese language classroom: theorical approaches, teaching-methodological issues and implicationsHeloana Cardoso 27 March 2013 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Dentro do contexto da avaliação formativa, as práticas de correção dos textos produzidos devem ser entendidas não como medição da aprendizagem, mas principalmente como uma pesquisa, elas devem avaliar o aluno, o professor, o processo, as práticas enunciativas, a mediação, a escola e mesmo a família. Contudo, apesar de essa abordagem sobre a avaliação ser compatível com a concepção sócio-histórica e cognitiva da linguagem, que por sua vez é consoante com as orientações dos PCN de Língua Portuguesa, ela parece ainda se mostrar distante dos métodos adotados pelos professores. O objetivo geral desta dissertação é identificar as abordagens teóricas que subjazem aos métodos avaliativos de professores do ensino fundamental em relação à produção textual. Como objetivos específicos buscou-se (i) mapear os modelos de correção textual utilizado por esses professores a fim de oferecer um panorama sobre a realidade do ensino-aprendizagem da escrita; e (ii) organizar um material teórico capaz de embasar a prática avaliativa não apenas como um componente do ato pedagógico, mas também como componente simbólico da construção da imagem que o aluno tem sobre si e sobre sua capacidade de escrever. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa constituída por dois corpora, organizados a partir dos seguintes instrumentos: entrevista semiestruturada com sete professores que lecionam no terceiro e quarto ciclos do ensino fundamental em escolas públicas e/ou particulares; e textos escritos por alunos e corrigidos pelos mesmos professores-informantes. Constituindo um total de 35 documentos, cinco de cada professor e 3h48min de gravações transcritas. Para análise dos corpora optou-se pelo paradigma interpretativista, aliado ao paradigma indiciário, que busca olhar para além das recorrências, os dados episódicos, singulares, dados que possam ajudar a levantar hipóteses sobre uma realidade não observável por via direta. Em relação às abordagens teóricas, podem-se perceber três manifestações: (i) as que são focadas no sistema, observável quando o professor privilegia aspectos formais e quando suas marcações, ainda que busquem o aspecto discursivo, não são suficientes para que os alunos efetuem reflexões sobre o uso da língua; (ii) as que flutuam entre o estruturalismo e o sociointeracionismo, quando o professor, embora se utilize de práticas mais interacionais ainda deixa amplo espaço para correções formais; (iii) as que são eminentemente sociointeracionistas, em cujas marcas avaliativas pode-se observar respeito pela autoria, apreciação do texto, interferência significativa e convite à reflexão. Dessas práticas emergem dois papéis sociais dicotômicos assumidos pelo professor: o de revisor, que tem profunda relação com práticas avaliativas de medição, e o de leitor-avaliador, em que se pode perceber, além de métodos ligados ao sociointeracionismo e às práticas avaliativas formativas um outro aspecto singular: a afetividade. Para discorrer sobre cada um desses aspectos propostos, construiu-se uma revisão bibliográfica que buscou incorporar à discussão teórico-metodológica questões de ordem subjetivas, que orientam pensar a escrita não só sob seu aspecto sócio-histórico e cognitivo, mas também afetivo / Within the context of formative assessment, the practices of the produced texts correction should not be understood as a learning measurement, but mainly as a survey, they should evaluate the student, the teacher, the process, the enunciative practices, the mediation, the school and even the family. However, although this approach on the evaluation is compatible to the socio-historical and cognitive conception of the language, which is in line with the guidelines of the NCP of Portuguese Language, it still seems showing far from the adopted methods by teachers. The overall target of this dissertation is to understand the theoretical approaches that underlie the evaluation methods of elementary school teachers in relation to the textual production. As specific objectives we sought (i) map the textual correction models used by those teachers, in order to provide an overview about the reality of teaching and learning of writing, and (ii) organize a theoretical material that could be able to base the assessment practice not only as a component of the pedagogical act, but also as a symbolic component of the image building that the students have about themselves and their ability to write. This is a qualitative research established by two corpora, organized from the following instruments: semi-structured interviews with seven teachers who teach on the third and fourth cycles of the elementary education in public and/or private schools; and texts written by students and corrected by the same informant teachers; constituting a total of 35 documents, five of each teacher and 3h48min of transcribed recordings. For analysis of the corpora we opted for the interpretative paradigm, allied to evidentiary paradigm, which seeks to look beyond the recurrences, incidental data, unique, data that can help raise hypotheses about an unobservable reality by direct input. Regarding the mapping practices, we observed that, besides those presented in papers that discourse on the subject (Ruiz, 2001; SOARES, 2009) there are others that permeate the school environment, as oral review and compared reading. Regarding to the theoretical approaches, we can see three manifestations: (i) those that are focused on the system, observable when the teacher favors formal aspects and when their markings, even if they seek the discursive aspect, are not enough to make reflections about the language usage, (ii) those that floating between the structuralism and the social interactionism, when the teacher, although he/she uses more interactional practices, he/she still leaves extensive space for formal corrections, (iii) those that are eminently sociointeractionists, on those evaluative brands we can observe respect for the authoring, the text assessment, significant interference and the invitation to reflection. From these practices emerge two dichotomous social roles assumed by the teacher: the reviewer, who has a deep relationship with evaluation practices of measuring, and the reader-reviewer, as we can perceive, beyond methods linked to sociointeractionism and to the formative assessment practices, another unique aspect: the affectivity. To discuss each of these proposed aspects, we built up a bibliographic review that sought incorporating to the theoretical and methodological discussion, questions of a subjective order, that guide to think about the writing not only on its socio-historical and cognitive aspects, but also affective
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Avaliação de textos produzidos na aula de língua portuguesa: abordagens teóricas, questões didático-metodológicas e suas repercussões / Evaluation of texts produced in portuguese language classroom: theorical approaches, teaching-methodological issues and implicationsHeloana Cardoso 27 March 2013 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Dentro do contexto da avaliação formativa, as práticas de correção dos textos produzidos devem ser entendidas não como medição da aprendizagem, mas principalmente como uma pesquisa, elas devem avaliar o aluno, o professor, o processo, as práticas enunciativas, a mediação, a escola e mesmo a família. Contudo, apesar de essa abordagem sobre a avaliação ser compatível com a concepção sócio-histórica e cognitiva da linguagem, que por sua vez é consoante com as orientações dos PCN de Língua Portuguesa, ela parece ainda se mostrar distante dos métodos adotados pelos professores. O objetivo geral desta dissertação é identificar as abordagens teóricas que subjazem aos métodos avaliativos de professores do ensino fundamental em relação à produção textual. Como objetivos específicos buscou-se (i) mapear os modelos de correção textual utilizado por esses professores a fim de oferecer um panorama sobre a realidade do ensino-aprendizagem da escrita; e (ii) organizar um material teórico capaz de embasar a prática avaliativa não apenas como um componente do ato pedagógico, mas também como componente simbólico da construção da imagem que o aluno tem sobre si e sobre sua capacidade de escrever. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa constituída por dois corpora, organizados a partir dos seguintes instrumentos: entrevista semiestruturada com sete professores que lecionam no terceiro e quarto ciclos do ensino fundamental em escolas públicas e/ou particulares; e textos escritos por alunos e corrigidos pelos mesmos professores-informantes. Constituindo um total de 35 documentos, cinco de cada professor e 3h48min de gravações transcritas. Para análise dos corpora optou-se pelo paradigma interpretativista, aliado ao paradigma indiciário, que busca olhar para além das recorrências, os dados episódicos, singulares, dados que possam ajudar a levantar hipóteses sobre uma realidade não observável por via direta. Em relação às abordagens teóricas, podem-se perceber três manifestações: (i) as que são focadas no sistema, observável quando o professor privilegia aspectos formais e quando suas marcações, ainda que busquem o aspecto discursivo, não são suficientes para que os alunos efetuem reflexões sobre o uso da língua; (ii) as que flutuam entre o estruturalismo e o sociointeracionismo, quando o professor, embora se utilize de práticas mais interacionais ainda deixa amplo espaço para correções formais; (iii) as que são eminentemente sociointeracionistas, em cujas marcas avaliativas pode-se observar respeito pela autoria, apreciação do texto, interferência significativa e convite à reflexão. Dessas práticas emergem dois papéis sociais dicotômicos assumidos pelo professor: o de revisor, que tem profunda relação com práticas avaliativas de medição, e o de leitor-avaliador, em que se pode perceber, além de métodos ligados ao sociointeracionismo e às práticas avaliativas formativas um outro aspecto singular: a afetividade. Para discorrer sobre cada um desses aspectos propostos, construiu-se uma revisão bibliográfica que buscou incorporar à discussão teórico-metodológica questões de ordem subjetivas, que orientam pensar a escrita não só sob seu aspecto sócio-histórico e cognitivo, mas também afetivo / Within the context of formative assessment, the practices of the produced texts correction should not be understood as a learning measurement, but mainly as a survey, they should evaluate the student, the teacher, the process, the enunciative practices, the mediation, the school and even the family. However, although this approach on the evaluation is compatible to the socio-historical and cognitive conception of the language, which is in line with the guidelines of the NCP of Portuguese Language, it still seems showing far from the adopted methods by teachers. The overall target of this dissertation is to understand the theoretical approaches that underlie the evaluation methods of elementary school teachers in relation to the textual production. As specific objectives we sought (i) map the textual correction models used by those teachers, in order to provide an overview about the reality of teaching and learning of writing, and (ii) organize a theoretical material that could be able to base the assessment practice not only as a component of the pedagogical act, but also as a symbolic component of the image building that the students have about themselves and their ability to write. This is a qualitative research established by two corpora, organized from the following instruments: semi-structured interviews with seven teachers who teach on the third and fourth cycles of the elementary education in public and/or private schools; and texts written by students and corrected by the same informant teachers; constituting a total of 35 documents, five of each teacher and 3h48min of transcribed recordings. For analysis of the corpora we opted for the interpretative paradigm, allied to evidentiary paradigm, which seeks to look beyond the recurrences, incidental data, unique, data that can help raise hypotheses about an unobservable reality by direct input. Regarding the mapping practices, we observed that, besides those presented in papers that discourse on the subject (Ruiz, 2001; SOARES, 2009) there are others that permeate the school environment, as oral review and compared reading. Regarding to the theoretical approaches, we can see three manifestations: (i) those that are focused on the system, observable when the teacher favors formal aspects and when their markings, even if they seek the discursive aspect, are not enough to make reflections about the language usage, (ii) those that floating between the structuralism and the social interactionism, when the teacher, although he/she uses more interactional practices, he/she still leaves extensive space for formal corrections, (iii) those that are eminently sociointeractionists, on those evaluative brands we can observe respect for the authoring, the text assessment, significant interference and the invitation to reflection. From these practices emerge two dichotomous social roles assumed by the teacher: the reviewer, who has a deep relationship with evaluation practices of measuring, and the reader-reviewer, as we can perceive, beyond methods linked to sociointeractionism and to the formative assessment practices, another unique aspect: the affectivity. To discuss each of these proposed aspects, we built up a bibliographic review that sought incorporating to the theoretical and methodological discussion, questions of a subjective order, that guide to think about the writing not only on its socio-historical and cognitive aspects, but also affective
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Komparativní analýza politického uspořádání vybraných obcí Středočeského kraje / Comparative analysis of the political arrangement of selected municipalities in Středočeský krajKrpálková, Soňa January 2017 (has links)
v anglickém jazyce This diploma thesis is focused on the Czech communal politics, which is viewed by a descriptive approach to the study of local democracy, an approach which is characterized by the fact that it focuses on specific political phenomena in selected areas. The selected area in this diploma thesis is the Central Bohemia Region. Czech communal politics is characterized by its fragmentation and diversity, and therefore there is a high proportion of non-party actors, non- competitive systems and other specific features. Three theoretical approaches are used to analyze these specifics: the theory of political coalition of Stanislav Balík, the typology of local democracy models by Václav Bubeníček, and the concept of the kernels as unitary actors in the municipal politics of Petr Jüptner. The diploma thesis is divided into two parts. The first - the theoretical - part is focused on detailed analysis of theoretical approaches, their criteria, assumptions and models. At the end of the first part there is a critical evaluation of these approaches, there are presented the problematic aspects of these approaches, as well as their contribution to the study of Czech communal politics. The empirical part of this diploma thesis provides detailed information on the examined problems in 58 selected...
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Educação Física e conhecimento: um diálogo com a tendência ao pluralismo teórico na área a partir de trabalhos apresentados no GTT Epistemologia nos Conbraces de 2005 a 2015 / Physical Education and knowledge: a dialogue with the tendency to theoretical pluralism in the area from work presented in GTT Epistemology in the conbrances of 2005 to 2015Santos, Rone Clei da Silva 28 August 2017 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2017-08-28 / Understanding the sense of knowledge in the work carried out under the Thematic Working
Group (GTT) epistemology, disseminated in the annals of the Brazilian Congress of Sport
Sciences (CONBRACE) in the years 2005 to 2015, was the goal of this work. For this, it was
taken as a basis: the way of social production and its contradictions, as well as possible
mediation and determination on the production of society, as theoretical elements that
subsidize understanding of the production of knowledge; The historical development of
thought in society, mainly regarding the transformations of the material base of existence for
the development of the theory as a universal system of science; The theoretical perspectives-
epistemological present in the work within the specified temporal clipping, and the
conceptions that align the tendency to incorporate theoretical bases and epistemological
linked to the so-called “theoretical pluralism”. As for methodological procedures, it was a
bibliographical/documentary research of epistemological-critical, as it aimed at identifying and
critical analysis of the production of knowledge. Through exploratory study, all the work
presented in this GTT was raised during the specified period. Without considering the
distinction of the form of submission of work, both articles originating from oral and posters
published in the Annals, totaling 160 works, of which 59 (36.9%) of the work were classified
the theoretical approaches that are not They base the truth on the basis of the precepts of
modern reason (in which science and philosophy interact through critical theory in the quest
for real comprehension). We have opted to combine these theoretical approaches within the
class understood as “theoretical pluralism”, agglutining: Hermeneutics; Structuralist and
genetic structuralism; Pragmatism and neopragmatism; Cultural approach; Symbolic theory
or civilization; Biological-cultural approach; and romantic. As a result, it was noted that the
production of knowledge in physical education and sports sciences have closed their eyes to
the contradictions of society, since there is a tendency in work to spray the interests, valuesand beliefs of the society as far as They prioritize the comprehension of the diverse cultural
contexts, and secundarizam the determinants that emerge from the concrete reality. The
contribution of this research was to offer elements to understand the dynamic process of
knowledge and society, as well as new elements for understanding the concepts and the
sense of knowledge in scientific production in physical education. However, it is hoped that
the understanding of the sense of the production of knowledge in physical education
constitutes a form of resistance to the ideology of instrumental rationality in the area, and to
make notes on the influence of these Knowledge in the production and reproduction of culture
in order to clarify the way of production of the society that insists on preserving the
relationships of dehumanization. / Compreender o sentido do conhecimento nos trabalhos veiculados no âmbito do Grupo de
Trabalho Temático (GTT) Epistemologia, divulgados nos anais do Congresso Brasileiro deCiências do Esporte (CONBRACE) nos anos de 2005 a 2015, foi o objetivo desse trabalho.
Para tanto, tomou-se como base: o modo de produção social e suas contradições, além de
possíveis mediações e determinações sobre a produção da sociedade, como elementos
teóricos que subsidiam a compreensão da produção do conhecimento; o desenvolvimento
histórico do pensamento na sociedade, principalmente no que tange às transformações da
base material da existência para o desenvolvimento da teoria como sistema universal de
ciência; as perspectivas teórico-epistemológicas presentes nos trabalhos dentro de recorte
temporal especificado, e as concepções que se alinham a tendência de incorporar bases
teóricas e epistemológicas ligadas ao denominado “pluralismo teórico”. Quanto aos
procedimentos metodológicos, tratou-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica/documental de cunho
epistemológico-crítico, pois visou à identificação e análise crítica da produção do
conhecimento. Por meio de estudo exploratório foram levantados todos os trabalhos
apresentados nesse GTT no período especificado. Sem considerar distinção da forma de
submissão dos trabalhos, foram analisados tanto artigos oriundos de comunicações orais
quanto de pôsteres publicados nos anais, totalizando 160 trabalhos, dos quais 59 (36,9%) dos
trabalhos foram classificados nas abordagens teóricas que não fundamentam a verdade com
base nos preceitos da razão moderna (em que a ciência e a filosofia se interagem por meio da
teoria crítica na busca da compreensão do real). Optou-se por agrupar essas abordagens
teóricas dentro da classe entendida como “pluralismo teórico”, aglutinando: hermenêutica;
pós-estruturalista e estruturalismo genético; pragmatismo e neopragmatismo; abordagem
cultural; teoria simbólica ou da civilização; abordagem biológica-cultural; e romântica. Como
resultado, observou-se que, a produção do conhecimento em Educação Física e Ciências do
Esporte têm fechado os olhos para as contradições da sociedade, uma vez que há uma
tendência nos trabalhos em pulverizar os interesses, valores e crenças da sociedade na
medida em que priorizam a compreensão dos diversos contextos culturais, e secundarizam os
determinantes que emergem da realidade concreta. A contribuição desta pesquisa foi em
oferecer elementos para compreensão do processo dinâmico de produção conhecimento e da
sociedade, bem como novos elementos para compreensão das concepções e o sentido desse
conhecimento na produção científica em Educação Física. Espera-se, contudo, que a
compreensão do sentido da produção do conhecimento em Educação Física constitua, no
campo das possibilidades, uma forma de resistência à ideologia da racionalidade instrumental
na área, e permita tecer apontamentos quanto à influência desses conhecimentos na
produção e reprodução da cultura, de forma a explicitar o modo de produção da sociedade
que insiste em preservar as relações de desumanização.
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Mäns våld mot kvinnor ur ett teoretiskt perspektivMårtensson, Ingrid January 2006 (has links)
The essay begins by asserting that the theoretical approaches of men’s violence against women are just as important to study as its extent. The purpose is therefore to analyse and compare two theoretical approaches which is done by a comparative text analysis of two texts written on the subject. The essay attempts to answer two questions; what the theoretical approaches are and how they can be understood in light of feminist theory. Previous research on men’s violence against women discuss especially three theoretical aspects. These are how the concept is defined, if the different forms of violence are being treated separately or not, and how it is explained. These aspects are used as the basis for the analysis which is conducted in two steps. The result shows that the theoretical approaches analysed share many similarities with both each other and the feminist theory. All apply a broad definition, hold the different forms of violence together, and consider the most basic explanation for the violence to be the unequal power structure between the sexes. The biggest difference between the two theoretical approaches and the feminist theory is that the former also emphasizes other explanatory levels as well as the purely structural.
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IL LAVORO MANAGERIALE NEI SERVIZI ALLA PERSONABIFFI, FRANCESCA 15 June 2015 (has links)
IL LAVORO MANAGERIALE NEI SERVIZI ALLA PERSONA
“Cosa fanno i manager che lavorano nei Servizi alla Persona?” Lo scopo del lavoro di ricerca è quello di rispondere a questa domanda attraverso la descrizione delle attività quotidiane di sei manager italiani che lavorano in Servizi alla Persona.
La ricerca ha combinato due approcci teorici, uno relativo alle attività manageriali (Mintzberg, 1980, 2010) e l’altro che concerne il lavoro sociale, “il lavoro sociale relazionale” (Folgheraiter, 1998, 2011). La scelta metodologica di integrare differenti approcci teorici si fonda sull’idea di arricchire la discussione riguardo a “cosa fanno i manager nei Servizi alla Persona?”, oggetto che coinvolge diverse discipline.
I due strumenti utilizzati nella ricerca qualitativa sono: shadowing (in cui il ricercatore osserva i soggetti prendendo nota di tutto ciò che essi fanno o dicono) e interviste semi-strutturate (in cui l’intervistatore ha una traccia che indica gli argomenti da esplorare).
L’integrazione teorica e il campo specifico di indagine hanno permesso di identificare ruoli manageriali peculiari dei Servizi alla Persona e di far emergere il punto di vista di manager assistenti sociali in merito al loro lavoro. / MANAGERIAL WORK IN PERSONAL SOCIAL SERVICES
"What do managers that work in personal social services do?" The purpose of research project is to answer this question by describing the daily activities of six Italian managers that work in personal social services.
The research has combined two theoretical approaches, one related to describing the daily practices of management (Mintzberg, 1980, 2010) and the other to social work, “the relational social work” (Folgheraiter, 1998, 2011). The methodological choice to integrate different theoretical approaches was based on the idea of enriching the discussion of “what do managers in personal social services do?” which spans different disciplines.
The two techniques used in this qualitative research are: “shadowing” (in which the researcher observes the subjects, taking notes of everything they say or do) and semi-structured interviews (in which the interviewer has a framework of themes to be explored).
The integration of different theoretical approaches and the specific field of investigation allowed the identification of some of the specific managerial roles in personal social services and the points of view of social work managers about their job.
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Hällristningsforskning : En studie om hur forskningen förhåller sig till sydskandinaviska hällristningsskepp och cirkelmotiv / Rock carving research : A study on how the research relates to South Scandinavian rock carving ships and circle motifsAndersson, Daniel January 2023 (has links)
Sydskandinaviska hällristningar har varit av stort intresse för arkeologin under en längre tid. Cirkelmotiv och skepp är några av de vanligaste hällristningsmotiven och detta har resulterat i att en mängd studier har publicerats genom åren. Olika forskare försöker att komma närmare ristningarna på olika plan. Det rör sig om olika symboliska ingångar, men också de mer objektiva ingångarna som datering och utbredningar. Istället för en fördjupning i hällristningarnas betydelser, ägnar sig denna studie åt att studera hur forskningen ser ut inom detta fält. Olika forskares arbeten presenteras vilka skiljer sig i metodiker och teoretiska ingångar. En del är publicerade i fel tid, vilket menas att de avviker från den dåvarande forskningstrenden. Resultatet av det kan variera. En del tenderar att hamna i skuggan av de som följer trenden, men blir relevanta efter sin tid. Studien försöker således att se till vad som händer med forskningen som avviker och även vad de teoretiska ingångarna grundar sig i. / South Scandinavian rock carvings have been of great interest to archaeology for a long time. Circular motifs and ships are some of the most common motifs and this has resulted in a number of studies being published over the years. Different researchers try to get closer to the carvings on different levels. These are various symbolic inputs, but also the more objective inputs such as dating and distributions. Instead of an in-depth look at the meanings of the rock carvings, this study devotes itself to studying what research looks like in this field. The works of various researchers are presented, which differ in methodologies and theoretical inputs. Some are published at the wrong time, which means that they deviate from the current research trend of their time. The result of it may vary. Some tend to be overshadowed by those who follow the trend, but become relevant after their time. The study thus tries to see what happens with the research that deviates and also what the theoretical inputs are based on.
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