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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Leveduras Isoladas de Neonatos da Unidade Neonatal Interna do Instituto Materno Infantil de Pernambuco (IMIP), Recife - PE

Walter, Bruno Souza January 2005 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:05:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo4536_1.pdf: 902070 bytes, checksum: b14d26e9cc1df2d57eb53e8c2e74b436 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Ao nascer o neonato entra em contato com fungos e outros microrganismos provenientes da microbiota materna e de outras fontes. A pele é o primeiro órgão a entrar em contato com esses microrganismos atuando como uma interface entre o meio interno e o meio ambiente, oferecendo funções especiais para sobrevivência do ser humano. Uma vez integrantes da microbiota do homem, os fungos, podem passar oportunamente de sapróbios a patogênicos, provocando quadros clínicos variáveis. Com o objetivo de detectar leveduras em neonatos internos na Unidade Neonatal do Instituto Materno Infantil de Pernambuco (IMIP), foram coletadas de 93 neonatos, escamas epidérmicas através de fricção na pele com swab e 37 amostras de sangue através de punção. Todas as amostras de sangue foram provenientes do Berçário de Alto Risco. Foi realizado o exame direto das amostras de sangue e todos os espécimes foram semeados na superfície de ágar Sabouraud adicionado de cloranfenicol. Das amostras clínicas foram obtidas 131 culturas de leveduras sendo 35 (26,7%) internos no alojamento conjunto 23 (17,6%) internos no alojamento mãe-canguru e 73 (55,7%) internos no Berçário de Alto Risco. Foram identificadas 13 espécies pertencentes a três gêneros Candida, Rhodotorula e Trichosporon. No alojamento conjunto 30 (85,7%) foram de Candida spp destacando-se C. parapsilosis 15 (42,9%), 1 (2,9%) de R. mucilaginosa e 4 (11,4%) Trichosporon, sendo 2 (5,7%) T. cutaneum e 2 (5,7%) T. variabile. No alojamento mãe-canguru 20 (87%) foram de Candida spp. prevalecendo C. parapsilosis 10 (43,5%), 1 (4,3%) de R. mucilaginosa e 2 (8,7%) de T. cutaneum. No Berçário de Alto Risco 66 (90,4%) foram de Candida spp. destacando-se C. albicans 28 (38,4%), 6 (8,2%) de R. mucilaginosa e 1 (1,4%) de T. cutaneum. De 09 amostras de sangue foram isoladas leveduras prevalecendo 5 (55,5%) de C. pelliculosa
22

Consideraciones a tomar en cuenta para evitar complicaciones en el trasplante de microbiota fecal / Considerations should be taken into account to avoid complexities in the transplantation of fecal microbiota

Lara, Adriana, Espadín, Carlo 01 January 2019 (has links)
Carta al Editor / Revisión por pares
23

The Host-Microbiota Interactions in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Pathogenesis

Schramm, Laetitia 21 April 2022 (has links)
The exact mechanism of pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is not yet clear. However, a key role for intestinal bacteria in the development and maintenance of IBD is now well-accepted and has led to extensive efforts to characterize IBD patients’ gut microbiota composition. Nonetheless, few studies have examined intestinal microbial composition and host interactions in pediatric treatment-naïve IBD subjects. Using a multi-omic approach, we analyzed the gut microbiota-host interactions at the mucosal- luminal interface from two distinct colonic regions in a pediatric treatment-naïve cohort of Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and non-IBD control individuals. CD patients displayed a significant decrease in bacterial richness in the distal colon, as compared to controls. Significant changes in the microbial composition at different taxonomic levels were observed in IBD patients relative to controls, especially in the distal colon. IBD patients had an increased abundance of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) producers, including Veillonella (g), Streptococcus (g) and Fusobacterium (g), and a decreased abundance of butyrate producers such as Blautia (g), Lachnospiraceae (f) and Ruminococcus (g). IBD patients showed statistical differences in their metabolomic profile as compared to controls, with the majority of significant metabolites, such as pesticides, amino acids, bacterial-derived molecules and dipeptides, being increased in CD and UC subjects. An alteration of the gut microbiota composition was associated with an alteration of the host and bacteria metabolome in IBD subjects; notably, increase of taurine, mecarbam-f7 and oxazole positively correlated with H2S producers and negatively correlated with butyrate producers. Finally, microbial genes involved in oxidative stress response, virulence, iron uptake, storage and metabolism were upregulated in the proximal colon of IBD patients. Our findings provide information about the host-microbiota interactions in the context of IBD. Understanding the relationships between the host and his intestinal microbes could help to develop therapeutic strategies to treat IBD.
24

Interactions between Cryptosporidium parvum and the Intestinal Ecosystem

Douvropoulou, Olga 04 1900 (has links)
Cryptosporidium parvum is an apicomplexan protozoan parasite commonly causing diarrhea, particularly in infants in developing countries. The research challenges faced in the development of therapies against Cryptosporidium slow down the process of drug discovery. However, advancement of knowledge towards the interactions of the intestinal ecosystem and the parasite could provide alternative approaches to tackle the disease. Under this perspective, the primary focus of this work was to study interactions between Cryptosporidium parvum and the intestinal ecosystem in a mouse model. Mice were treated with antibiotics with different activity spectra and the resulted perturbation of the native gut microbiota was identified by microbiome studies. In particular, 16S amplicon sequencing and Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) were used to determine the bacterial composition and the genetic repertoire of the fecal microbial communities in the mouse gut. Following alteration of the microbial communities of mice by application of antibiotic treatment, Cryptosporidium parasites were propagated in mice with perturbed microbiota and the severity of the infection was quantified. This approach enabled the prediction of the functional capacity of the microbial communities in the mouse gut and led to the identification of bacterial taxa that positively or negatively correlate in abundance with Cryptosporidium proliferation.
25

Caracterización de la microbiota vesical en pacientes con neoplasia maligna de vejiga

Parra Grande, Mónica 28 July 2020 (has links)
Objetivos: La evidencia sugiere que la microbiota podría contribuir a la patogénesis de una serie de enfermedades, incluido el cáncer, habiéndose propuesto distintos mecanismos que demuestran la influencia de la microbiota en el proceso de la carcinogénesis. En el cáncer de vejiga, estudios preliminares han encontrado alteraciones en la microbiota urinaria de pacientes con carcinoma urotelial en comparación con individuos sanos. El objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar, mediante técnicas de secuenciación masiva, la microbiota de la vejiga en muestras de mucosa tumoral y mucosa pareada no tumoral procedentes de una cohorte de pacientes con neoplasia maligna de vejiga, además de estudiar las diferencias en la composición microbiana de la mucosa tumoral según las variables clínico-patológicas y determinar posibles perfiles microbianos. Material y métodos: Se analizaron un total de 58 muestras de 32 pacientes con cáncer de vejiga (26 pacientes con muestras pareadas [tejido tumoral y no tumoral] y 6 pacientes con muestras tumorales). Se extrajo el ADN bacteriano del tejido congelado a -80ºC en el Biobanco del HGU de Elche, mediante QIAamp DNA mini kit (Qiagen). Para la construcción de las librerías de amplicones se amplificó un fragmento de 459 pares de bases correspondiente a las regiones variables V3 y V4 del gen ADNr, utilizando los cebadores descritos para metagenomas humanos a los cuales se les añadió la secuencia de los adaptadores de Illumina. Se secuenciaron las muestras mediante la opción de lecturas emparejadas de 2x300pb con MiSeq Reagent Kit v3 de 300 ciclos. En el análisis de secuencias, se realizó un control de calidad mediante el programa prinseq, se unieron las lecturas R1 y R2 procedentes de la secuenciación mediante el programa flash y se eliminaron las eventuales secuencias quiméricas mediante el programa usearch. Las secuencias resultantes se utilizaron para su clasificación empleando la base de datos Ribosomal Database Project. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el software R versión 3.5.2. Tanto los estimadores de riqueza específica y abundancia relativa, como el número de filos y géneros bacterianos encontrados en los grupos de estudio se compararon mediante el test de wilcoxon y el test U-Mann-Whitney en los análisis de muestras pareadas y no pareadas, respectivamente. Se realizó un análisis multivariante de Componentes Principales bidimensional entre grupos y un test PERMANOVA para buscar diferencias significativas en la composición microbiana en función de las variables clínico-patológicas. Las diferencias intergrupales se analizaron mediante el método de análisis discriminante efecto-tamaño (LDA effect size, LEfSe). Por último, se realizó un Heatmap para identificar distintos clusters en la composición microbiana. Los clusters encontrados se correlacionaron con las variables tumorales mediante el test de chi-cuadrado o test de Fisher. Resultados: Encontramos diferencias significativas en los índices de riqueza específica OBS (p=0,012) y Chao2 (p=0,049) a nivel de género, siendo mayores en la mucosa no tumoral respecto a la mucosa tumoral. En cuanto a los índices de abundancia relativa no hubo diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos. Nuestros resultados muestran que el filo más abundante en ambos grupos fue Firmicutes, seguido de Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria y Actinobacteria. Y que las Actinobacterias se encontraban significativamente más enriquecidas en la mucosa no tumoral respecto a la mucosa tumoral (p-valor = 0,009). Los géneros más abundantes en ambos grupos fueron Bacteroides y Escherichia.Shigella, seguido de Staphylococcus y Enterococcus en la mucosa tumoral, y Phascolarctobacterium y Propionibacterium en la mucosa no tumoral. No encontramos diferencias significativas en la composición microbiana a nivel de género. En el análisis multivariante, tanto a nivel de filo como de género, encontramos diferencias significativas en la composición microbiana en función del grado de tumor (p-valor = 0,03 y 0,04, respectivamente). La mucosa de los pacientes con bajo grado de tumor presentaba un mayor enriquecimiento del género Enterococcus respecto a los pacientes con alto grado de tumor. Para finalizar, se identificó la presencia de tres clusters en la composición microbiana de las muestras de mucosa tumoral. El cluster 1 se encontraba significativamente enriquecido de los géneros Barnesiella, Parabacteroides, Prevotella, Alistipes y Lachnospiracea_incertae_sedis, mientras que el cluster 2 de Staphylococcus. No se encontraron diferencias significativas al correlacionar los diferentes clusters con las variables clínicopatológicas, ni en el análisis de supervivencia. Conclusiones: Encontramos una mayor riqueza microbiana de los tejidos no tumorales respecto a los tejidos tumorales que coincide con la asunción global de que la riqueza es un indicador de salud de la microbiota. La mayor abundancia del filo Actinobacteria en las muestras de mucosa de vejiga no neoplásica respecto al tejido tumoral, refuerza la hipótesis inicialmente planteada de que una microbiota rica en Actinomycetes podría estar relacionada con la menor incidencia de cáncer de vejiga en las mujeres y por tanto, podría tener un efecto preventivo. El análisis multivariante de la composición microbiana del tejido tumoral reveló diferencias significativas en función del grado del tumor, encontrándose en los tumores de bajo grado, un perfil microbiano enriquecido por bacterias del género Enterococcus. Finalmente, se identificaron tres perfiles microbianos diferentes, encontrando diferencias significativas en dos ellos; mientras que el cluster 1 presentaba una microbiota enriquecida por el filo Bacteroidetes, el cluster 2 estaba más enriquecido por el filo Firmicutes. Se necesitan estudios prospectivos longitudinales que permitan establecer la relación causal de la microbiota en el proceso de carcinogénesis.
26

Impact of Microbiota on Neurodegeneration in Tauopathies using Caenorhabditis elegans as a Model Organism

Mesbahi, Hiva January 2023 (has links)
Alterations in the microbiota have been observed in many human diseases, including diseases of neurodegeneration. However, specific microbiome factors that either promote or protect against neurodegeneration are largely unknown. We examined the effects of human microbiota in tauopathies, a class of age-associated neurodegenerative diseases that are characterized by the accumulation of tau protein inclusions. Using a Caenorhabditis elegans model expressing an aggregate prone human tau protein, we examined the influence of specific bacteria present in the human respiratory tract on neurodegeneration. We identified a bacterial species, Rothia aeria, that is neuroprotective in a C. elegans model of tauopathy. We determined that the R. aeria induced neuroprotection observed in PLM neurons is fat-3 dependent. fat-3 encodes the protein Delta (6)-fatty-acid desaturase. We also showed that a lipid(s) produced by R. aeria decreases neurodegeneration in C. elegans. Further investigation is needed to identify the lipid and the underlying mechanism. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / The human body hosts trillions of microbes, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. These components make up the human microbiota. Gut microbiota have an essential role in human health. In correlative studies, alterations in gut microbiota have been observed in many human diseases and conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Diet, antibiotics, and probiotics change the composition of the microbiota and could decrease or increase the risk of developing AD. Modulation of the microbiome through diet and other interventions could be beneficial for AD. AD, the most common type of dementia, is a progressive brain disorder that slowly destroys memory and mental skills. The Alzheimer’s Society of Canada estimates that over half a million Canadians live with dementia, increasing significantly by 2031. The total estimated indirect and direct costs of dementia in 2016 in Canada was $10.4 billion. Currently, no treatments slow or stop Alzheimer’s disease and available medications can only improve the symptoms in some patients. One of the main characteristics of AD is the accumulation of a protein called tau in neurons. In this research, we look at the impact of microbiota on AD using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism. C. elegans is a free-living nematode. These nematodes are small, transparent, feed on bacteria and have a simple nervous system. All these criteria make C. elegans a perfect model for studying the impact of microbiota on AD. We exposed the C. elegans model of AD with high tau aggregation in their neurons to different bacteria collected from human microbiota and measured their neuronal health. We have found several species of bacteria that decreased neurodegeneration in this model. Currently, we are investigating how these bacteria improve neuronal health. Our findings suggest the involvement of human microbiota in AD. This suggests future treatment and preventative measures for AD should also consider microbiota composition. The result of this research will expand our knowledge of AD development and progression.
27

The Safety and Adequacy of Galactooligosaccharides and Fructooligosaccharides in Infant Pig Formula

Brooks, Kayla Leanne 03 September 2014 (has links)
Breast milk remains the optimum vehicle to deliver high quality nutrients, including oligosaccharides, in quantities sufficient to sustain normal growth, however, it is currently unknown whether the addition of prebiotics to infant formula would alter neonate growth and development. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) supplementation in nursery pig diets on growth and efficiency of food utilization. Forty-eight 4-day old crossbred pigs (1.628 ± .037 Kg BW) were randomly assigned to 1 of 8 diets: 1) milk-based formula containing Type 2 GOS and Type 1 FOS (4 + 1 g/L); 2) soy-based formula containing Type 1 FOS (3g/L); 3) milk-based formula with no prebiotic added; 4) milk-based formula containing Type 2 GOS only (5g/L); 5) milk-based formula containing Type 1 GOS only (5g/L); 6) milk-based formula containing Type 2 GOS and Type 2 FOS (4 + 1 g/L); 7) milk-based formula containing Type 1 GOS and Type 1 FOS (4 + 1 g/L); 8) soy-based formula with no prebiotic added. Diets were isonitrogenous, isocaloric and fed at 250 mL/kg body for a 2-week period. At sacrifice, blood and tissue samples were collected for analysis. A diet by time interaction (P < 0.001) indicated a smaller rate of accretion in bone mineral content for soy-based diets. Total bacteria and lactobacillus were significantly affected by treatment (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the addition of GOS and FOS to formula does not appear to alter growth however, the gut microbiota was significantly modified. / Master of Science
28

Efeito de treinamento físico e inclusão de levedura viva na dieta sobre a digestibilidade dos nutrientes, parâmetros fisiológicos, de saúde digestiva e condicionamento físico de cavalos Puro Sangue Árabe / Physical training effect and inclusion of live yeast in the diet on digestibility of nutrients, physiological health, digestive parameters and physical conditioning in Arabian horses

Costa, Regina de Lima 18 December 2015 (has links)
O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar as implicações da suplementação com levedura viva Saccharomyces cerevisiae e de um programa de treinamento físico de baixa intensidade sobre a digestibilidade dos componentes da dieta (MS, PB, EE, FDN, FDA, MO e amido), a resposta glicêmica e insulinêmica, perfil sérico de triglicerídeos, colesterol total e frações (HDL-C; LDL-C; VLDL-C), bem como mensurar a produção dos ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (AGCC) butírico, acético e propiônico, quantificar levedura viva nas fezes, avaliar o pH fecal, a população microbiana nas fezes e os níveis séricos de endotoxinas, além de mensurar a frequência cardíaca dos animais em exercício físico e na recuperação. Foram utilizados dez cavalos da raça Puro Sangue Árabe, machos, castrados, com idade média 72±7,5 meses e peso médio de 473±34,75 kg, alojados em baias individuais, alimentados com dieta constituída de 2% do PC em MS/dia, divididos em 0,75% de concentrado comercial multiparticulado e 1,25% de feno de gramínea (Cynodon dactylon sp. cv Tifton-85). Os tratamentos foram divididos em controle (sem adição de levedura) e suplementados (adição de 15g/dia de levedura viva Saccharomyces cerevisiae) em uma fase sem exercício e outra fase com exercício físico. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com esquema fatorial 2x2 e os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F. Para os coeficientes de digestibilidade observou-se efeito de exercício para os coeficientes de digestibilidade da MS, MO, FDN, FDA e PB (P<0,05). Para a variável EE observou-se interação da inclusão de levedura e exercício físico (P<0,1). O amido não apresentou efeito de tratamentos (P>0,1). Para os níveis plasmáticos de glicose observou-se efeito de exercício (P=0,015). Os níveis séricos de insulina não apresentaram efeito de tratamentos (P>0,1). Para triglicérides e VLDL-C não foi observado efeito de tratamentos (P>0,1). O CT, HDL-C e LDL-C apresentaram efeito de interação da inclusão de levedura e exercício (P<0,1). Para a produção de AGCC nas fezes com base na matéria original (MO) não houve efeito para os ácidos acético e butírico (P>0,1), no entanto, observou-se efeito da inclusão de levedura na produção do ácido propiônico (P=0,052). A quantificação de levedura viva nas fezes demonstrou efeito de interação da inclusão de levedura e exercício (P<0,001). Os resultados de pH apontaram efeito de interação da inclusão de levedura e exercício físico para as faixas de horário 1 (P=0,050) e 2 (P=0,080) e efeito de exercício para as faixas 3 (P<0,007) e 4 (P=0,001). Os resultados do perfil bacteriano nas fezes apontaram efeito de exercício para Fibrobacter succinogenes (P=0,083) e de interação da inclusão de levedura e exercício para Lactobacillus genus (P=0,020); não foi observado efeito de tratamentos para Ruminococcus flavenfaciens (P>0,1). Para os níveis séricos de endotoxinas, observou-se efeito de interação da inclusão de levedura e exercício (P=0,689). A FC dos animais em exercício demonstrou efeito de tempo durante o exercício (P<0,001). Para a FC de recuperação, foi possível observar interação da inclusão de levedura e exercício físico (P=0,020). A inclusão de levedura viva S. cerevisiae na dieta de equinos influencia a produção de AGCC propiônico. O exercício físico de baixa intensidade influencia os coeficientes de digestibilidade da MS, MO, FDN, FDA e PB, os níveis plasmáticos de glicose e a quantificação de Fibrobacter succinogenes nas fezes. A inclusão de levedura viva S. cerevisiae na dieta e o exercício físico influenciam o coeficiente de digestibilidade do EE, níveis séricos de HDL-C e LDL-C, a quantificação de levedura viva nas fezes, os níveis séricos de endotoxinas, o pH fecal, a quantificação de Lactobacillus genus nas fezes e a frequência cardíaca de recuperação pós-exercício. O tempo de exercício em cada velocidade influencia a frequência cardíaca dos animais durante o exercício físico / The aim of this study was to investigate the implications of supplementation with live yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a low-intensity exercise training program on digestibility of dietary components (DM, CP, EE, NDF, ADF, MO and starch), the glycemic and insulin response, serum profile of triglycerides (TC), total cholesterol and fractions (HDL-C, LDL-C, VLDL-C), measure the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) butyric acid, acetic and propionic, quantify yeast live in feces, evaluating faecal pH, microbial population in faeces and serum levels of endotoxins, in addition to measuring the heart rate of the animals exercise and recovery. Ten horses in the Purebred Arabian race, castrated male, mean age 72 ± 7.5 months and average weight of 473 ± 34.75 kg were used, housed in individual pens, fed diet consisting of 2% of the BW in DM / day, divided into 0.75% multiparticulate commercial concentrate and 1.25% grass hay (Cynodon dactylon sp. cv Tifton -85). The treatments were divided into control (no addition of yeast) and supplemented (plus 15 g / day of live yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in one phase and another phase with and without exercise, respectively. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 2x2 and the data were submitted to analysis of variance by F test. For the digestibility coefficients it was observed exercise effect for the digestibility coefficients of DM, OM, NDF, ADF and PB (P<0.05). For the variable EE it was observed interaction of yeast inclusion and exercise (P<0.1). Starch no effect of treatments (P>0.1). For plasma glucose levels it was observed effect of exercise (P=0.015). Serum insulin levels showed no treatment effect (P>0.1). For triglycerides and VLDL-C was not observed treatment effect (P>0.1). The TC, HDL-C and LDL-C showed interaction effect of adding yeast and exercise (P<0.1). For the production of SCFA in the faeces based on this matter (OM) there was no effect for acetic and butyric acids (P>0.1), however, it was observed effect of including yeast in the production of propionic acid (P=0.052). The quantitation of live yeast in the feces demonstrated interaction effect of adding yeast and exercise (P<0.001). The pH values indicated yeast inclusion of the interaction effect and exercise for time range 1 (P=0.050) and 2 (P=0.080) and exercise effect to the time range 3 (P<0.007) and 4 (P=0.001). The results of the bacteriological profile in feces showed exercise effect to Fibrobacter succinogenes (P=0.083) and interaction of the yeast include the genus Lactobacillus and exercise (P=0.020). It wasnt observed for treatment effects Ruminococcus flavenfaciens (P>0.1). For serum levels of endotoxin it was observed interaction effect of adding yeast and exercise (P=0.689). The CF of animals in exercise demonstrated time effect during exercise (P<0.001). For CF recovery, it was observed interaction of yeast inclusion and exercise (P=0.020). The inclusion of live yeast S. cerevisiae in horse\'s diet influences propionic SCFA production. The low-intensity exercise influences the digestibility coefficients of DM, OM, NDF, ADF and PB, the plasma levels of glucose and quantification of F. succinogenes in the stool. The inclusion of live yeast S. cerevisiae in horses diet and exercise influence EE digestibility, serum levels of HDL-C and LDL-C, quantification of live yeast in the stool, serum levels of endotoxin, fecal pH and quantifying the genus Lactobacillus in stool and heart rate of post-exercise recovery. The exercise time at each speed influences the heart rate of the animals during exercise
29

Avaliação da participação dos mircro-organismos da classe Mollicutes na microbiota intestinal de mulheres eutróficas e obesas. / Evaluation of Mollicutes microorganisms participation in the gut microbiota of obese and normal weight women.

Santos, Verena Macedo 13 October 2015 (has links)
A microbiota intestinal é um ecossistema complexo que desempenha um importante papel na gênese da obesidade. A ocorrência e participação dos Mollicutes na microbiota intestinal é praticamente desconhecida. Deste modo, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a participação dos Mollicutes e dos Filos Firmicutes e Bacteroidetes na microbiota intestinal de mulheres obesas e eutróficas. A casuística foi de 20 mulheres obesas e 20 mulheres em eutrofia. Foram obtidas amostras de fezes, sangue e aplicado questionário semiestruturado sobre fatores relacionados com obesidade, microbiota intestinal e ambiente, além de Bioimpedância e questionário de frequência alimentar. Constatou-se uma associação positiva estatisticamente significante entre a presença de Mollicutes e mulheres obesas. Foi observada maior proporção de Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes na microbiota intestinal das mulheres obesas. Os resultados obtidos permitiram obter evidências importantes da participação dos micro-organismos da classe Mollicutes. As alterações da microbiota intestinal também contribuíram na definição de subconjuntos de indivíduos com diferentes perfis de risco metabólico e a da heterogeneidade associada a fenótipos humanos relacionados com a adiposidade. / The gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity. The occurrence and participation of Mollicutes in the gut microbiota is pratically unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the participation of Mollicutes and Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phylos in the gut microbiota of obese and normal weight women. For the study, it was collected samples of 20 women with obesity and 20 women of normal weight. It was collected stool samples, blood, semi-structured questionnaire on factors associated with obesity, gut microbiota and the environment, and anthropometric measurements using bioelectrical impedance and food frequency questionnaire. It was detected a statistically significant positive association between the presence of Mollicutes and obese women, and there was a higher proportion of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes in the gut microbiota of obese women. The results provide important evidence about the participation of Mollicutes class in the gut microbiota of the population studied and interactions in intestinal microbiota can define subsets of individuals with different metabolic risk profiles and thus contribute to investigation of the heterogeneity associated phenotypes related to adiposity.
30

Efeito da suplementação de simbióticos sobre a inflamação sistêmica de idosos / Effects of synbiotic supplementation on systemic inflammation of elderly subjects

Valentini Neto, João 02 March 2015 (has links)
Introdução:O envelhecimento está associado a redução na capacidade de lidar/enfrentar estressores, o que significa o principal conceito de fragilidade. Algumas mudanças na composição e função corporal são relacionadas com o desenvolvimento da fragilidade, como: deposição de gordura visceral (altamente relacionada com a inflamação sistêmica) e a redução da gordura subcutânea. Uma alteração importante é a relacionada com um aumento na concentração de marcadores inflamatórios no sangue, o que tem sido associado com um processo mais amplo, denominado inflammaging. Nosso trabalho destaca a hipótese de que esta inflamação de baixo nível é associada a um desbalanço na microbiota e alterações na permeabiliade intestinal, o que então justifica o uso de substâncias simbióticas. Objetivos: avaliar o efeito de uma suplementação por seis meses com substância simbiótica sobre a inflamação sistêmica de idosos em risco de fragilidade. Métodos: foram estudados 49 indivíduos, entre 65-90 anos, que atenderam um ou dois critérios de fragilidade propostos por Fried et al (2001). Tratou-se de um estudo duplo-cego randomizado, no qual os participantes foram alocados em um dos grupos que seguem: SIM (tratamento com simbiótico) - ingestão de uma substância simbiótica (Frutooligossacarideos 6 g, Lactobacillus paracasei 109 a 108 CFU, Lactobacillus rhamnosus 109 a 108 CFU, Lactobacillus acidophilus 109 a 108 CFU e Bifidobacterium lactis 109 a 108 CFU); ou PLA (placebo, controle)- maltodextrina (6g) nas mesmas doses do grupo simbiótico. Ambos os grupos foram instruídos a consumir as substâncias duas vezes ao dia. Antes e após a suplementação os sujeitos foram avaliados para: marcadores plasmáticos de inflamação (IL-6, IL-10 e TNF-&#945;); contagem de células sanguíneas; medidas antropométricas; função intestinal (Escala de Bristol e Critério de ROMAIII). Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA de medidas repetidas (marcadores inflamatórios), com test pos-hoc apropriado, teste T de student (células sanguíneas), bem como odds ratio e redução de risco. Foi adotado o princípio da intenção de tratar. A significância foi considerada para p<0.05. Resultados: O grupo SIM foi composto por 25 sujeitos com idade media de 76.2±8.4 anos, e o grupo PLA foi formado por 24 sujeitos média de idade de 75.6±8.1 anos. A função intestinal melhorou em 5,3% no grupo SIM. Em constraste, o grupo PLA apresentou piora de 20% dos sintomas negativos da função intestinal. O OR da melhora do SIM de acordo com o ROMA III foi de 0.76 (IC= 0.09-6.17), indicando um benefício da suplementação com simbióticos. Os marcadores inflamatórios foram analisados de duas diferentes maneiras: o grupo todo e considerando a idade como co-variável. Quando comparados os grupos, algumas diferenças foram encontradas em função do tempo para ambos os grupos entre os níveis de IL-10 antes (a) e depois (d) da suplementação (p<0,01) (PLAa=3,9±5,4; PLAd=1,4±1,7; SIMa1,9±3,2; SIMd=1,5±1,3) e IL-6 (p<0,01) (PLAa=3,9±5,4; PLAb=2,4±1,6 e SIMa=3,0±1,9; SIMb=2,5±1,1). A contagem de células sanguíneas revelou maior número de basófilos (contagem relativa) (p=0,01) (PLA=4,22±17,91; SIM=32,05±39,85) e monócitos (contagem absoluta) (p=0,04) (PLA=14,58±8,60; SIM=11,00±7,36) no grupo SIM comparado ao grupo PLA. Conclusão: Considerando tudo o que foi exposto, é possível concluir que a suplementação com simbióticos pareceu ser eficiente para idosos considerados em risco de fragilidade, mas ainda é necessário que mais estudos sejam desenvolvidos incluindo populações maiores, e análises de permeabilidade intestinal. / Background: Ageing is associated to a reduction in the capacity to cope with stressors, which is the main concept of frailty. A number of changes in body composition and function are related to the development of frailty, such as: visceral deposition of fat (highly associated with systemic inflammation) and reduction in the subcutaneous fat. A remarkable change is related to a systemic and low level rise in inflammatory markers in the blood, which has been associated to a broader process called inflammaging. Our work highlights the hypothesis that this low-level inflammation is associated to an imbalance in gut microbiota and changes in intestinal permeability, which in turn justifies the use of synbiotic substances. Aims: to evaluate the effect of a 6-month supplementation of a synbiotic substance on the systemic inflammation in elderly in risk of frailty. Methods: we studied 49 individuals, 65-90 years old, fulfilling from one to two frailty criteria proposed by Fried et al (2001). A double-blind randomized clinical trial was performed, in which the participants were allocated in one of the following groups: SYN (symbiotic treatment) - intake of a synbiotic substance (Frutooligossacarideos 6 g, Lactobacillus paracasei 109 to 108 CFU, Lactobacillus rhamnosus 109 to 108 CFU, Lactobacillus acidophilus 109 to 108 CFU and Bifidobacterium lactis 109 to 108 CFU); or PLA (placebo, control)- maltodextrin in the same doses as the SYN group. Both groups were instructed to consume the substances twice a day, for the period of 6 months. Before and after the supplementation the subjects were evaluated for: plasma inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-&#945;); blood cells count; anthropometric measures, gut function (Bristol Scale and Roma criteria). Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA (inflammatory markers), with appropriated pos-hoc test, student\'s t Test (blood cells), as well as odds ratio and risk reduction analysis. The Intention to treat principle was adopted. Significance was considered as p<0.05. Results: The PLA group was composed by 24 subjects with mean age of 76.2±8.4 years, and the PLA group was formed by 24 subjects with mean age 75.6±8.1 years. The gut function was improved in 5.3% of SYN. In turn, PLA group presented 20% of negative symptoms of gut function. The OR of improvement of SYN according to ROMA III was 0.76 (CI= 0.09-6.17), indicating a benefit of the synbiotic supplementation. The inflammatory markers were analyzed in two different ways: the whole group and considering the age as co-variable. When compared the whole groups, some differences were found by the time between both groups for IL-10 at baseline (b) and after supplementation (a) for IL-10 (p<0,01) (PLAb=3,9±5,4; PLAa=1,4±1,7; and SYNb1,9±3,2; SYNa=1,5±1,3) and IL6 (p<0,01) (PLAb=3,9±5,4; PLAa=2,4±1,6 and SYNb=3,0±1,9; SYNa=2,5±1,1). The blood cells count revealed higher numbers of basophiles (p=0,01; PLA=4,22±17,91; SYN=32,05±39,85) and monocytes (p=0,04; PLA=14,58±8,60; SYN=11,00±7,36) on the SIM group compared to the PLA group. Conclusion: Taking altogether, it\'s possible to conclude that the synbiotic supplementation seemed to be efficient for the elderly considered in risk of frailty, but it remains necessary to perform more studies, including larger populations and with analysis of gut permeability.

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