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Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-05-23T17:36:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_EDIO_GIACOMELLI_PARCIAL.pdf: 198707 bytes, checksum: 700e5dcbdc3f86f944c5b7b7bfc87e7f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-23T17:36:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_EDIO_GIACOMELLI_PARCIAL.pdf: 198707 bytes, checksum: 700e5dcbdc3f86f944c5b7b7bfc87e7f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-05 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) modified by calcium carbonate by means of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity tests. The calcium carbonate (CC), in proportions of 1%, 5% and 10%, was added to the GIC powder. A polytetrafluoroethylene matrix (10 mm diameter and 3 mm height) was used to make the samples, and four groups were obtained (n = 4): G1 ? only GIC (control); G2 ? GIC with 1% CC; G3 ? GIC with 5% CC; G4 ? GIC with 10% CC. The preparation of the samples was carried out in accordance with ISO 10993-12. The MTT test was used to evaluate the cell cytotoxicity, and the micronucleus and comet tests were performed to evaluate the genotoxicity, by using a mouse fibroblast cell culture of the NIH/3T3 lineage. According to MTT test, the samples with 1% and 5% CC showed a higher cytotoxic potential, and the samples with 10% CC presented a cellular viability index comparable to the GIC. The micronucleus test showed that GIC with 10% CC produced an improvement in cell proliferative potential (IPBC).CIV with 5% CC had a reduction in IPBC that did not compromise the material from the genotoxic point of view. In the comet test, groups with the addition of CC had a small increase in genotoxic potential compared with GIC. It was concluded that the addition of 10% CC to the GIC had a low cytotoxic potential and it is feasible for use in the cellular environment, and the addition of 1%, 5% and 10% CC to the GIC did not induce genetic damage. / Este estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar a biocompatibilidade do cimento de ion?mero de vidro (CIV) convencional modificado por carbonato de c?lcio de conchas marinhas por meio dos testes de citotoxicidade e genotoxicidade celular. O carbonato de c?lcio (CC), nas propor??es de 1%, 5% e 10%, foi adicionado ao p? do CIV. Utilizando uma matriz de politetrafluoretileno (10 mm de di?metro e 3 mm de altura), foram confeccionadas as amostras, sendo obtidos quatro grupos (n=4): G1 ? apenas CIV (controle); G2 ? CIV com 1% de CC; G3 ? CIV com 5% de CC; G4 ? CIV com 10% de CC. A prepara??o das amostras foi realizada de acordo com a norma ISO 10993-12. O ensaio MTT foi utilizado para avaliar a citotoxicidade celular, e os ensaios de micron?cleo e cometa foram realizados para avaliar a genotoxicidade, por meio da utiliza??o de uma cultura celular de fibroblastos de camundongo da linhagem NIH/3T3. De acordo com o ensaio MTT, as amostras contendo a adi??o de 1% e 5% de CC apresentaram um maior potencial citot?xico, e as amostras com 10% de CC apresentaram um ?ndice de viabilidade celular compar?vel ao do CIV. O ensaio do micron?cleo evidenciou que o CIV com 10% de CC produziu uma melhora no potencial proliferativo celular (IPBC). CIV com 5% de CC apresentou uma redu??o no IPBC que n?o compromete o material do ponto de vista genot?xico. No ensaio cometa, os grupos com adi??o de CC mostraram um pequeno aumento do potencial genot?xico em compara??o ao CIV. Concluiu-se que a adi??o de 10% de CC ao CIV apresentou um baixo potencial citot?xico, sendo vi?vel para utiliza??o em ambiente celular, e a adi??o de 1%, 5% e 10% de CC ao CIV n?o induziu a um dano gen?tico.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:10:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Martins da Gama.pdf: 261038 bytes, checksum: 92f42421eab3662c45b767391481c957 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-09-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / For the development of the economy of a country, the micron and small companies are important for generating new jobs, technology and income for the society. However the survival of this type of enterprise many times is affected by managemental imperfection, mainly in the financial area. To diagnosis the financial management of a small company presenting weak and strong points is part important a good management and to assure a satisfactory performance. With intention to describe under a theoretical approach the financial management of short term in micron and small rendering companies of services and its integration with the areas of: managemental politics, sale of services, purchases and supplies, box, rendering of services and quality, were constructed a tool of financial management of short term and validated in a lender of services. Through bibliographical study and experimental research a qualitative tool for diagnosis of the financial management of short term is proposal, being measured the degree of importance of the existing subsystems. It was tested in a lender of services and proved it financial reality of the company showing all the points that must be reevaluated. The tool can be used by entrepreneurs without experience in financial management, as aid in the attainment of preliminary conclusions and analyses of the financial process. / Para o desenvolvimento da economia de um país, as micro e pequenas empresas são importantes por gerarem novos empregos, tecnologia e renda para a sociedade. No entanto a sobrevivência desse tipo de empreendimento muitas vezes é afetada por falha gerencial, principalmente na área financeira. Diagnosticar a gestão financeira de uma pequena empresa apresentando pontos fracos e fortes é parte importante para uma boa gestão e assegurar um desempenho satisfatório. Com o intuito de descrever sob um enfoque teórico a gestão financeira de curto prazo em micro e pequenas empresas prestadoras de serviços e a sua integração com as áreas de: políticas gerenciais, venda de serviços, compras e estoques, caixa, prestação de serviços e qualidade, foi construída uma ferramenta de gestão financeira de curto prazo e validada em uma prestadora de serviços. Através de estudo bibliográfico e pesquisa experimental é proposta uma ferramenta qualitativa para diagnóstico da gestão financeira de curto prazo, sendo mensurado o grau de importância dos subsistemas existentes. Foi testada em uma prestadora de serviços e comprovou-se a realidade financeira da empresa mostrando todos os pontos que devem ser reavaliados. A ferramenta pode ser utilizada por empreendedores sem experiência em gestão financeira, como auxílio na obtenção de conclusões preliminares e análises do processo financeiro.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2015-09-10T00:55:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Nilton C N Santos Tese Geno Cito Endo 10 ago 20h.pdf: 2096544 bytes, checksum: fd3a63f3f5235dae758262d72d8a3bb2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-10T00:55:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nilton C N Santos Tese Geno Cito Endo 10 ago 20h.pdf: 2096544 bytes, checksum: fd3a63f3f5235dae758262d72d8a3bb2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-29 / Pulp therapy for deciduous teeth is the last resort for preventing tooth loss, but among the products used for this, i.e. so-called filling pastes, none is considered to be ideal. The objective of this study, using the micronucleus test on the bone marrow of mice and the comet assay on human lymphocytes, was to evaluate the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of four filling pastes that are used in this therapy: zinc oxide, calcium hydroxide P.A., mineral trioxide aggregate and an iodoform paste (Guedes-Pinto paste). To perform the micronucleus test, male Swiss mice (Mus musculus) were divided into groups of ten animals each: four groups were each exposed to one of the filling pastes, administered intraperitoneally at dilutions of 1/10, 1/50, 1/500 and 1/1000. Cyclophosphamide was used as the positive control. The negative controls used were the dilution vehicles: dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) for the Guedes paste and zinc oxide; and phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS) for the calcium hydroxide P.A. and mineral trioxide aggregate. The animals were sacrificed 24 h and 48 h after the treatment. The bone marrow was extracted, in order to calculate the micronucleus occurrence rate in 1000 polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) in each of the animals, under an optical microscope (1000 X), in a blinded test. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by determining the PCE/NCE (normochromatic erythrocyte) ratio in 200 erythrocytes/animal. For the comet assay, human lymphocytes were cultured in different dilutions of each of the filling pastes (1:500, 1:750, 1:1000 and 1:2000), for 3 h at 37 ?C, under an atmosphere containing 5% CO2. Two positive controls were used: methyl-methanesulfonate (0.4 ?M) for the calcium hydroxide P.A. and mineral trioxide aggregate; and doxorubicin (0.6 ?M) for the Guedes paste and zinc oxide. Two negative controls were also used here: distilled water for the calcium hydroxide P.A. and mineral trioxide aggregate; and DMSO for the Guedes paste and zinc oxide. Comets were identified by means of fluorescence microscopy (400 X), and 100 of them were counted on each of the three slides that were analyzed for each drug test. The statistical analysis on the results from the micronucleus test was performed using the conditional test for comparing proportions in situations of rare events. Analysis of variance, followed by the Tukey test, was used to assess the PCE/NCE ratio obtained from the different treatments and also to compare the means from the DNA damage indices that were obtained through the comet test, using the Prisma software, version 4.0. The micronucleus occurrence rate was significantly higher among the animals treated with Guedes paste, at all the dilutions tested and at both sacrifice times and also among the animals treated with zinc oxide and sacrificed 48 h after treatment at the dilutions of 1:50, 1:500 and 1:1000. Cytotoxic effects from these pastes were detected in the animals sacrificed at both times. Calcium hydroxide P.A. and mineral trioxide aggregate did not present any cytotoxic or genotoxic effects. The results obtained from the comet assay also showed that zinc oxide and Guedes paste presented genotoxicity, whereas calcium hydroxide P.A. and mineral trioxide aggregate did not. These results show that there is a need to reassess the use of zinc oxide and Guedes paste and provide encouragement for conducting additional studies to evaluate the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of these pastes. / A terapia pulpar de dentes dec?duos se constitui no ?ltimo recurso de preven??o da perda dent?ria, mas, dentre os produtos empregados para tal, as denominadas pastas obturadoras, nenhum ? considerado como ideal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, com o uso do teste de micron?cleo em medula ?ssea de camundongo e do ensaio cometa em linf?citos humanos, os efeitos citot?xicos e genot?xicos de quatro pastas obturadoras utilizadas nesta terapia: ?xido de zinco, hidr?xido de c?lcio P.A., agregado tri?xido mineral e uma pasta iodoformada (pasta Guedes-Pinto). Para realiza??o do teste de micron?cleo, camundongos Swiss (Mus musculus), machos, foram divididos em grupos de dez animais, que foram expostos ?s pastas obturadoras, administradas via intraperitoneal nas dilui??es de 1/10, 1/50, 1/500 e 1/1000. Ciclofosfamida foi utilizada como controle positivo. Os controles negativos foram: dimetilsulf?xido (DMSO) para a pasta Guedes-Pinto e ?xido de zinco; e solu??o salina tamponada (PBS) para o hidr?xico de c?lcio P.A. e agregado trioxido mineral. Os animais foram sacrificados 24h e 48h ap?s tratamento, a medula ?ssea foi extra?da e foram analisados 1000 eritr?citos policrom?ticos (PCE) de cada um dos animais, sob microscopia ?ptica (1000X) e em teste cego. A citotoxicidade foi avaliada pela rela??o PCE (eritr?cito policrom?tico) / NCE (eritr?cito normocrom?tico) em 200 eritr?citos/animal. Para o ensaio cometa, linf?citos humanos foram cultivados nas dilui??es de 1:500, 1:750, 1:1000 e 1:2000 das pastas obturadoras, durante 3h, a 37?C, em atmosfera de 5% de CO2. Foram utilizados dois controles positivos: metil-metanosulfonato (0,4?M) para o hidr?xido de c?lcio P.A. e agregado tri?xido mineral, e doxorrubicina (0,6 ?M) para a pasta Guedes-Pinto e ?xido de zinco. Foram tamb?m dois os controles negativos utilizados: ?gua destilada para o hidr?xido de c?lcio P.A. e agregado tri?xido mineral, e DMSO para pasta Guedes-Pinto e ?xido de zinco. A identifica??o do cometa foi realizada sob microscopia de fluoresc?ncia (400X), sendo computados 100 deles em cada uma das tr?s l?minas analisadas para cada droga teste. A an?lise estat?stica dos resultados do teste de micron?cleo foi realizada com o uso do teste condicional para compara??o de propor??es em situa??o de eventos raros. An?lise de vari?ncia, seguida do teste de Tukey, foram utilizados para avalia??o da rela??o PCE/NCE obtida com os diferentes tratamentos e tamb?m para compara??o das m?dias dos ?ndices de danos ao DNA obtidos no ensaio cometa com o software Prisma vers?o 4.0. A ocorr?ncia de micron?cleos foi significativamente maior nos animais tratados com a pasta Guedes-Pinto em todas as dilui??es testadas, nos dois tempos de sacrif?cio e tamb?m para os animais tratados com ?xido de zinco e sacrificados 48h ap?s tratamento, nas dilui??es 1:50; 1:500 e 1:1000. Efeitos citot?xicos destas pastas foram detectados nos animais sacrificados nos dois tempos. O hidr?xido de c?lcio P.A. e o agregado tri?xido mineral n?o apresentaram efeitos citot?xicos nem genot?xicos. Os resultados obtidos com o ensaio cometa tamb?m apontaram para a genotoxicidade do ?xido de zinco e pasta Guedes-Pinto, e n?o do hidr?xido de c?lcio P.A. e agregado tri?xido mineral. Estes resultados mostram a necessidade de reavalia??o do uso do ?xido de zinco e pasta Guedes-Pinto e suscitam a realiza??o de estudos adicionais avaliando a genotoxicidade e citotoxicidade destas pastas.

The research for this thesis "Options for Developing a New Mid Micron Value Proposition for Consumers", is a part of a larger "New Mid Micron Products" project initiated by Mid Micron New Zealand Inc with the key goal of turning the Mid Micron Sector into a more vibrant and profitable one. The motivation for the project can be found in the dramatic fall in demand for New Zealand Mid Micron wool over the past decade. Two dominant causes for the fall in demand for Mid Micron wool were identified: the substandard skin comfort of final products made from Mid Micron wool, and a problem with the structure of the Mid Micron Sector. These problems are addressed in the "New Mid Micron Products" project that combines new product development and new marketing initiatives. Product development involved the use of new spinning technology to improve skin comfort quality and develop new products that are softer and prickle free. The aim is to extract more value for woolgrowers by having the wool converted into a higher value product. The new marketing initiatives, which were identified in this thesis research, Focusing On New Market Segments via E-Commerce and Reconfiguring The Value Chain, and concentrate on the operational issues of capturing the value from the newly developed Mid Micron products. Taking into account the nature of the overall Mid Micron Project and type of developed products, this research identified the Operational Excellence and Product Leadership models as alternative routes to develop a new Mid Micron Value Proposition for consumers. Operational Excellence, and the associated Cost Leadership strategy, is a low capital investment option, while Product Leadership and the associated Differentiation strategy is a high capital investment option. The models' principles and their elements, products, price and delivery to market, are evaluated in the context of the Mid Micron Business.

This dissertation has focused on i) optimizing charge transfer rates at indium-tinoxide (ITO) electrodes, and ii) characterization of the supramolecular structure and properties of ultra thin surface modifier films on modified electrodes for various device applications. Commercial ITO surfaces were modified using conducting polymer thin film architectures with and without various chemical activation procedures. Ferrocene derivatives were used as redox probes, which showed dramatic changes in electron transfer rate as the SA-PANI/PAA layers were added to the ITO surface. Highest rates of electron transfer were observed for DMFc, whose oxidation potential coincides with the potential region where these SA-PANI/PAA films reach their optimal electroactivity. Apparent heterogeneous electron transfer rate constants, kS, measured voltammetrically, were ca.10 x higher for SA-PANI/PAA films on ITO, versus clean ITO substrates. These films also showed linear potentiometric responses with retention of the ITO transparency with the capability to create smoothest films using an aqueous deposition protocol, which proved important in other applications. ITO electrodes were also modified via chemisorption of carboxy functionalized EDOTCA and electropolymerization of PEDOTCA/PEDOT copolymers, when properly optimized for thickness and structure, enhance voltammetrically determined electron transfer rates (kS) to solution probe molecules, such as dimethylferrocene (DMFc). Values of kS ≥ 0.4 cm•sec⁻¹, were determined, approaching rates seen on clean gold surfaces. ITO activation combined with formation of these co-polymer films has the effect of enhancing the electroactive fraction of electrode surface, versus a non-activated, unmodified ITO electrode, which acts as a “blocked” electrode. The electroactivity and spectroelectrochemistry of these films helped to resolve the electron transfer rate mechanism and enabled the construction of models in combination with AFM, XPS, UPS and RAIRS studies. The surface topography, structure, composition, work function and contact angle, also revealed other desirable properties for molecular electronic devices. The carboxylic functionality of the EDOTCA molecule adds more desirable properties compared to normal PEDOT films, such as favoring the deposition of smooth films, increasing the optical contrast, participating in hydrogen-bonding, chemisorption to oxide surface, self-doping and providing a linker for incorporation of different functional groups, new molecules, or nanoparticles. Periodic sub-micron electrode arrays can be created using micro-contact printing and electropolymerization. The sinusoidal modulation of the refractive index of such confined conducting polymer nanostructures or nanoparticle stripes allows efficient visible light diffraction. The modulation of the diffraction efficiency at PANI and PEDOT gratings in the presence of an analytical stimulus such as pH or potential demonstrate the sensing capability at these surfaces. The template stripped gold surfaces that are being developed in our lab demonstrate several advantages over commercially available evaporated gold films especially for nanoscale surface modification.

The current research is aimed at investigating the explosion behaviour of hazardous materials in relation to particle size. The materials of study are titanium powders having size distributions in both the micron- and nano-size ranges with nominal size distributions: -100 mesh, -325 mesh, ?20 ?m, 150 nm, 60-80 nm, and 40-60 nm. The explosibility parameters investigated explosion severity and explosion likelihood for both size ranges of titanium. Tests include, maximum explosion pressure (Pmax), maximum rate of pressure rise ((dP/dt)max), minimum explosible concentration (MEC), minimum ignition energy (MIE), minimum ignition temperature (MIT) and dust inerting using nano-titanium dioxide. ASTM protocols were followed using standard dust explosibility test equipment (Siwek 20-L explosion chamber, MIKE 3 apparatus, and BAM oven). The explosion behaviour of the micron-size titanium has been characterized to provide a baseline study for the nano-size testing, however, nano-titanium dust explosion research presented major experimental challenges using the 20-L explosion chamber.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:55:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlineRPC_DISSERT.pdf: 3018551 bytes, checksum: 17363a397c49ea615dc8b9fbdbe31f5c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-31 / Environmental pollution causes the loss of the quality of aquatic resources and also affects the health of human beings. The Golandim River is located in S?o Gon?alo do Amarante (RN Brazil) and had its water recovered seven years ago by measurements of parameters of the water s quality analyses physicochemistry, microbiological and heavy metals. However, it is not well established if this river is truly recovered, so this study provides a wide knowledge about the quality of these waters. Therefore, this investigation was accomplished by assays of ecotoxicology utilizing Ceriodaphnia dubia and of genotoxicity of the river s water using a biomarker Tradescantia Pallida (Trad-MCN). In set, it carried through a study of environmental perception through questionnaires that approached questions related to the profile of the interviewed one, knowledge on the environment and of the river Golandim with the community that lives in the neighborhoods of the river to diagnosis as they perceive the environment where live and its problems. The assays of the water had been carried out by collecting samples in three different sites of the Golandim River. They were collected between the periods of December 2010 (dry season in the northeast of Brazil) and July 2011 (rainy season in the northeast of). The analysis of the data allowed observing that the majority of the inhabitants are adult and presents a global vision of what it is part of the environment, the majority mentions the pollution of the river as one of the problems of the city, considering it serious. The ecotoxicology assay showed that there was not acute toxicity in all three samples collected. Meanwhile, all these three samples demonstrated significant chronic toxicity. The results from the Trad-MCN assay presented an increase in the frequency of micronucleus in one of the sites analyzed (S3) (p<0.01), in both seasons collected. On the other hand, the sites S1 and S2 did not presented a significant increase of micronucleus using this bioassay. The analyses of chemicals detected an increase in the levels of some metals, in different seasons and samples, which can be associates with some compounds found in urban and industrial areas. On the other hand, the physicochemistries parameters demonstrated that the Golandim River is recouped, when compared with the values presented at the CONAMA s legislation. However, these results indicate the presence of compounds capable of inducing chromosomal mutation in plants. On the other hand, the parameters physicistchemistries demonstrate that the river Golandim is if recouping, since when compares the values observed with the legislation of the CONAMA. All these results point to the fact that the Trad-MCN assay was sensitive and efficient biomarker for chromosomal instability and the C. dubia ecotoxicology assay was as though an efficient biomarker of toxicity of water s quality. The results from Trad-MCN associated with the ecotoxicology demonstrates that these analyses are important for environmental monitoring, once the first bioassay described above indicates alterations at the standards of cells and the other one indicates alterations at the standards of organisms. This study alerts for the necessity to carry out biological assays for the analyses of the water s quality / A ?gua ? essencial para a manuten??o da vida, entretanto, a polui??o ambiental vem causando a perda da qualidade dos recursos h?dricos, afetando assim a sa?de humana. Este estudo avaliou a qualidade da ?gua do Rio Golandim no munic?pio de S?o Gon?alo do Amarante/RN/Brasil ap?s a realiza??o do plano de recupera??o atrav?s de medi??es de par?metros de qualidade de ?gua - an?lises f?sico-qu?micas, de metais pesados e microbiol?gicos al?m de incluir ensaio de ecotoxicidade com Daphnia dubia e teste que detecta a presen?a de compostos mutag?nicos em Tradescantia pallida (Trad-MCN). Em conjunto, foi realizado um estudo de percep??o ambiental atrav?s de question?rios que abordou quest?es relacionadas ao perfil do entrevistado, conhecimentos sobre o meio ambiente e do rio Golandim, com a comunidade que vive nas proximidades deste rio para diagnosticar como eles percebem o ambiente em que vivem e seus problemas. Os experimentos foram realizados a partir de amostras de ?gua coletadas em dezembro de 2010 (esta??o do ano seca) e em julho de 2011 (esta??o das chuvas) em tr?s pontos diferentes do rio Golandim. A an?lise dos dados de percep??o ambiental permitiu observar que a maioria dos moradores s?o adultos e apresentam uma vis?o global do que ? meio ambiente e a maioria menciona a polui??o do rio como um dos problemas do munic?pio, considerando-o grave. Os dados resultantes do ensaio ecotoxicol?gico n?o indicou efeito de toxicidade aguda, entretanto demonstrou toxicidade cr?nica para a m?dia de reprodu??o dos clad?ceros nas esta??es do ano seca e chuvosa, em todos os pontos amostrados, os resultados provenientes do ensaio Trad-MCN para a ?gua bruta mostrou resposta positiva, representada pelo aumento na frequ?ncia de micron?cleos, para um dos pontos analisados (P3) em ambas as esta??es de coleta. As an?lises qu?micas detectaram um aumento nos n?veis de alguns metais nos diferentes per?odos e amostras, que podem estar associados ainda ? presen?a de compostos de origem urbana e industrial. Contudo, os par?metros f?sico-qu?micos demonstram que o rio Golandim est? se recuperando, j? que quando se compara os valores observados com a legisla??o brasileira do CONAMA. Nossos resultados apontam para a presen?a na ?gua de compostos capazes de induzir muta??es, podendo gerar s?rios agraves ? sa?de da popula??o que utiliza e reside nas proximidades do Golandim, a qual ainda se sente insegura quanto a utiliza??o do mesmo. Desta forma, este estudo alerta para a necessidade de realizar ensaios biol?gicos al?m de empregar apenas as an?lises provenientes das medi??es f?sico-qu?micas para atestar a qualidade de um corpo d ?gua, como tamb?m da realiza??o de trabalhos de educa??o ambiental com a comunidade ribeirinha

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:51:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissJSSB.pdf: 532657 bytes, checksum: f993efd65f2a453cb2bcbc867f3e226f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-02-27 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / This work presents a discussion about models of production management of the micron and small companies (MSCs) in the food industry, that for having distinct characteristics, such as less capital, low technology, segmented market and nonprofessional administration, cannot follow the classic models of production management. In this work we try to understand how the strategies and the production planning of the MSCs work in the segment of chocolate based products, allowing its survival in the food industry. Four companies of the branch were studied and the actionresearch methodology was employed, as well as visits with application of questionnaires. One can conclude that each MSC has its proper logic of production management that is a consequence of the difficulties and circumstances faced by each one of them. In other words, each one possess its own strategies to attend the chance markets. These strategies, in general, are defensive. / Este trabalho apresenta uma discussão sobre os modelos de gestão da produção das micro e pequenas empresas (MPEs) do ramo alimentício, que, por terem características distintas, como menor capital, baixa tecnologia, mercado segmentado e administração não profissional, não podem seguir rigidamente os modelos clássicos de gestão da produção. Procura-se entender como são as estratégias e o planejamento da produção da MPE do segmento de produção de produtos achocolatados, que permitem sua sobrevivência no mercado de alimentos. Foram estudadas quatro empresas do ramo, sendo utilizada a metodologia de pesquisa-ação e visitas orientadas, com aplicação de questionários. Conclui-se que cada MPE tem sua lógica própria de gestão da produção, que é conseqüência das dificuldades e circunstâncias enfrentadas por cada uma delas. Ou seja, cada uma possui suas estratégias para atender os mercados de oportunidade. Estas estratégias, em geral, são defensivas.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:03:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcosFOG_DISSERT.pdf: 3390000 bytes, checksum: ba6308b2ffb8a1c987acbb7748b9335f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-14 / The Brazil is the third largest producer of cashew nuts in the world. Despite the social and economic importance of the cashew nut, its production is still carried out artisanally. One of the main problems encountered in the cashew production chain are the conditions under which the roasting of the nut occurs to obtain the kernel from the shell. In the present study was conducted a biomonitoring of the genotoxic and cytotoxicity effects associated with the elements from the cashew nut roasting in Jo?o C?mara - RN, semi-arid region of Brazil. To assess the genotoxic was used the bioassay of micronucleus (MN) in Tradescantia pallida. In addition, it was performed a comparative between the Tradescantia pallida and KU-20 and other biomarkers of DNA damage, such as the nucleoplasmic bridges (NBP) and nuclear fragments (NF) were quantified. The levels of particulate matter (PM1.0, PM2.5, PM10) and black carbon (BC) were also measured and the inorganic chemical composition of the PM2.5 collected was determined using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry analysis and the assessment of the cytotoxicity by MTT assay and exclusion method by trypan blue. . For this purpose, were chosen: the Amarel?o community where the roasting occurs and the Santa Luzia farm an area without influence of this process. The mean value of PM2.5 (Jan 2124.2 &#956;g/m3; May 1022.2 &#956;g/m3; Sep 1291.9 &#956;g/m3) and BC (Jan 363.6 &#956;g/m3; May 70.0 &#956;g/m3; Sep 69.4 &#956;g/m3) as well as the concentration of the elements Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Br and Pb obtained at Amarel?o was significantly higher than at Santa Luzia farm. The genotoxicity tests with T. pallida indicated a significant increase in the number of MN, NBP and NF and it was found a negative correlation between the frequency of these biomarkers and the rainfall. The concentrations of 200 &#956;g/mL and 400 &#956;g/mL of PM2.5 were cytotoxic to MRC-5 cells. All together, the results indicated genotoxicity and citotoxicity for the community of Amarel?o, and the high rates of PM2.5 considered a potential contributor to this effect, mainly by the high presence of transition metals, especially Fe, Ni, Cu, Cr and Zn, these elements have the potential to cause DNA damage. Other nuclear alterations, such as the NPBs and NFs may be used as effective biomarkers of DNA damage in tetrads of Tradescantia pallida. The results of this study enabled the identification of a serious occupational problem. Accordingly, preventative measures and better practices should be adopted to improve both the activity and the quality of life of the population. These measures are of fundamental importance for the sustainable development of this activity. / O Brasil ? o terceiro maior produtor mundial de castanha de caju e apesar da import?ncia social e econ?mica, sua produ??o ainda ? realizada de forma artesanal. Um dos maiores problemas da cadeia produtiva do caju s?o as condi??es nas quais ocorre a queima artesanal da castanha para se obter a am?ndoa. No presente estudo foi realizado um biomonitoramento do potencial genot?xico e avalia??o da citotoxicidade associada aos elementos oriundos da queima artesanal da castanha de caju no munic?pio de Jo?o C?mara - RN, semi-?rido brasileiro. Para a avalia??o genot?xica foi utilizado o bioensaio de micron?cleo (MN) em Tradescantia pallida. Al?m disso, foi realizado um comparativo quanto a sensibilidade da T. pallida frente ao clone KU-20 e outros biomarcadores de danos no DNA, tais como as pontes nucleoplasm?ticas (PNP) e fragmentos nucleares (FN) foram quantificados. A avalia??o citot?xica se deu pelo ensaio MTT e m?todo de exclus?o por tripan blue. As concentra??es de material particulado (MP1,0, MP2,5, MP10) e black carbon (BC) foram determinadas e a composi??o inorg?nica do MP2.5 definida pela t?cnica de fluoresc?ncia de raios-X. Foram definidos dois pontos testes: Comunidade do Amarel?o (local de queima da castanha de caju) e Fazenda Santa Luzia (sem influ?ncia da atividade). Os valores m?dios obtidos para o MP2,5 (Jan - 2124,2 &#956;g/m3; Mai 1022,2 &#956;g/m3; Set 1291,9 &#956;g/m3) e BC (Jan 363,6 &#956;g/m3; Mai 70 &#956;g/m3; Set 69,4 &#956;g/m3), bem como a concentra??o dos elementos Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Br e Pb obtidos no Amarel?o foram significativamente maiores que na Fazenda Sta. Luzia. Os testes de genotoxicidade com T. pallida indicaram um aumento de 2-7 vezes maior na frequ?ncia de MN para o Amarel?o. Os outros biomarcadores tamb?m apresentaram sua frequ?ncia aumentada. Al?m disso, verificou-se uma correla??o negativa entre a freq??ncia de MN, PNP e FN com a precipita??o pluviom?trica. As concentra??es de 200 &#956;g/mL e 400 &#956;g/mL do MP2,5 em suspens?o foram citot?xicas para as c?lulas MRC-5. O conjunto dos resultados indicaram genotoxicidade e citotoxicidade para a comunidade do Amarel?o, sendo as altas concentra??es de MP2,5 um dos prov?veis contribuintes para esse efeito, principalmente pela elevada presen?a de metais de transi??o, sobretudo Fe, Ni, Cu, Cr e Zn, que potencialmente causam les?es no DNA. Outras altera??es nucleares, como PNP e FN podem ser utilizadas como biomarcadores efetivos de danos no DNA em t?trades de T. pallida. Os conjunto dos resultados possibilitaram a identifica??o de um problema ocupacional grave, com s?rios riscos aos trabalhadores que exercem a atividade. Diante disto, a ado??o de medidas preventivas e de melhores pr?ticas, s?o de fundamental import?ncia para o desenvolvimento sustent?vel da atividade e melhoria na qualidade de vida dos trabalhadores.