Some Asian countries such as Malaysia and Singapore have been experiencing economic growth which, in its turn have been stimulating migrant workers, mainly un-skilled, to migrate into those countries. The present paper tries to examine the human rights violations of domestic workers in Malaysia and Singapore which are occurring in the form of modern servitude or servitude. Moreover, the paper also tries to elaborate the working conditions of foreign domestic workers in Malaysia and Singapore. The present paper is using human rights coupled with intersectionality theories in order to examine whether enacted migration policies in Malaysia and Singapore in relation to migrant workers, though migration policies imposed to domestic workers are aimed to fulfill the national interests, can be regarded as a form of modern slavery or servitude . The present thesis is a case study which is examined by elaborating numerous literatures regarding the working conditions of foreign domestic workers in Malaysia and Singapore. The factual conditions of domestic workers in Malaysia and Singapore, namely the conditions and policies concerning the limitation of several rights of domestic workers will be described and analyzed under the human rights coupled with intersectionality perspectives.

No / The article first argues that there is a range of approaches and models developed in relation to the question of representing ethnic minorities and migrants when it comes to trade union strategies. There is no single model. Instead, there is a variety of approaches and politics, just as there are with a `traditionally established workforce'. Second, this study finds that the understanding of ethnic minority needs varies and the politics of this must be central to any discussion, as one cannot read off assumptions about the issue from formal union strategies, traditional practices and established customs in relation to regulation. In effect, there is a politics of trade union responses and there is diversity in the way the `problem' is read and understood. Third, the article argues that the issue of minority ethnic workers raises questions of trade union identity and purpose. This points to much deeper issues related to the role of regulation and strategies of inclusion — and the extent to which they cohere. It also raises the issue of the configuration of strategies of social inclusion and on occasions how strategies ignore the broader issue of participation of those they seek to represent. To this extent the article is not exclusively about inclusion and exclusion — but about the politics and contradictory dynamics of inclusion.

No / This paper examines trade union networking and community-oriented activity through the recent development of learning strategies in relation to migrant workers. The paper locates the discussion on learning in relation to union attempts to develop a broader urban and community-based view of the union as an organisation. It assesses the innovative ways trade unions deploy their learning strategies given the challenges associated with a liberal market economy, in particular, in relation to poor levels of co-ordination amongst key social organisations and low levels of state commitment to the area of training. The paper draws on five empirical case studies of such innovative union approaches and concludes that many of these learning initiatives represent a significant intervention by unions in local urban and community-based contexts. However, it also notes that these appear to be disconnected from stable and consistent forms of local community-based organisation and, in part, remain enveloped in a marketised project-based approach which is piecemeal and in many aspects financially dependent on the state.

As of fairly recently, migrant workers from South East Asia are migrating to Canada for work in the agricultural industry. Little research has been conducted on migration routes and recruitment patterns of these migrant workers. Interviews with 13 workers and three support workers were conducted between May and July 2011 to learn about this process; specifically with how these individuals are getting to Canada, and how they maintain (or do not maintain) relationships with the private intermediaries and employment agencies that facilitate this movement. This research will fill a gap in the literature by describing the recruitment processes of ‘low-skilled’ workers into Canada and, more importantly, it will provide a much-needed space for South East Asian migrants to share their experiences about working in Canada.

Why do temporary foreign workers employed in the British Columbia hospitality sector have difficulty enforcing their workplace rights? Using the themes of people, place and time, this thesis explores the demand and supply of migrant workers in the British Columbia hospitality sector, and the challenges temporary foreign workers face at the intersection of immigration law, employment law, occupational health and safety law, and workers’ compensation law. The thesis argues that the low-skilled Temporary Foreign Worker Program shifts the negative consequences of unfair working conditions and workplace health and safety risks over people, place and time: from Canadian workers and employers onto temporary foreign workers; from Canada to elsewhere; and from the present into the future. Workplace rights are not enough for hospitality sector workers, what is needed is better tools for the enforcement of those rights. / Graduate

The main question posed in this study is: How do black mineworkers in the goldmining industry conceptualise and experience fatherhood in present-day South Africa? The following four subsidiary research questions were formulated to address this: * How do the respondents characterise fatherhood? * What are the respondents' own recollections of being fathered? * How do migrant and resident respondents' experiences of fatherhood differ? * What influence do biological mothers or female partners have on father-child relationships as described by the respondents? The scripting perspective chosen underscores this study because it is a multilevel approach that takes the fathers' social milieu into account without ignoring their agency. This perspective focuses on three levels - cultural scenarios, interpersonal and intrapsychic scripting. During 2002 a qualitative study was undertaken by way of in-depth interviews conducted with 30 respondents, with ten being re-interviewed in 2003. These interviews were augmented with general observations and fact-finding interviews conducted with key informants. In terms of the first research question regarding the way in which the respondents characterise fatherhood, it was found that the breadwinner role is salient. However, traces of patriarchy and the so-called "new fatherhood" are often intertwined with the economic aspect of fatherhood. The respondents' own recollections of being fathered were found to include a stern disciplinarian pattern ("father is like a lion"), a "bad fatherhood" pattern and a "good fatherhood" pattern. Resident respondents related more involvement with their children compared with migrant respondents, although varying degrees of distant and involved fatherhood could be detected amongst the migrant respondents. Resident respondents conveyed active involvement in father-child activities such as giving guidance to children and playing with them. Some respondents have little contact with those children they fathered with a woman other than their current partner. Female partners tend to hinder any type of relationship with children born as a result of adulterous relationships but children born from previous relationships may be taken care of. However, respondents who openly stated double standards regarding sexual practices for men and women tend to take care of all their biological children and show little concern for their wives' views. / Sociology / D. Litt et Phil (Sociology)

Migration has taken place throughout human history. However, push and pull factors for migration have changed, and some have not been identified during long periods of time. Since 1970, migration studies have  paid more attention to the role of women in migration processes, noting that patterns in migration are sometimes similar to men, but many other times differ, this is also known as the feminization of migration. Women, like men, migrate in search for a better future and new opportunities. Moreover, women migrant workers migrate to provide better future for their families back home. However, this migration process leaves great exposure to abuse and exploitation for both men and women. Feminist research argues, however, that this vulnerability is also gendered, affecting women and men differently. This study aims to contribute to understand the paradox of the agency of women migrant workers on the one hand, and vulnerabilities on the other, from the perspective of migrants themselves. Eleven interviews were conducted with women migrant workers in Amman. Some of the findings of this study show that the interviewees choose to migrate mainly due to economic needs, familial constraints and social structures,   which in turn influence their power over their rights and situation, leaving them in vulnerable conditions prone to abuse. Moreover, the alternatives for migration are limited by social and economic structures, in addition to lack of knowledge of rights and obligations.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-12-19T12:47:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ellara Valentini Wittckind_.pdf: 1114313 bytes, checksum: d8f9fedf98e730c7c427922c5c41b409 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-19T12:47:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ellara Valentini Wittckind_.pdf: 1114313 bytes, checksum: d8f9fedf98e730c7c427922c5c41b409 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-19 / Andrade Maia Advogados / Ao se considerar a existência cada vez menor de barreiras entre países, além do direito à livre circulação de trabalhadores e garantias antidiscriminação na União Europeia, necessário se faz analisar os desafios enfrentados pelos trabalhadores migrantes (cidadãos europeus) na busca e manutenção de empregos no Bloco, sob o enfoque político-filosófico-sociológico, neste caso, via debate Honneth-Fraser. A partir disso, este trabalho pretende analisar se a adoção do reconhecimento como paradigma para superação da discriminação ao trabalhador migrante, cidadão da União Europeia, é válida, através dos aportes da teoria honnethiana aliada à fraseriana, ou seja, se possibilita que se analisem as patologias do direito à antidiscriminação e se busquem saídas para as mesmas. Com isso, o trabalho apresenta o estudo acerca da teoria de Honneth, através de suas escalas de reconhecimento, passando pela abordagem do direito da liberdade até chegar à cooperação reflexiva como meios para se questionarem as origens e se procurarem as saídas para a discriminação ao trabalhador migrante. No que pertine à teoria de Fraser, o intento é analisá-la à luz da comunhão entre reconhecimento, redistribuição e paridade de participação, passando pelos contrapúblicos subalternos e remédios de ação. Para se concluir acerca da viabilidade da conjugação das teorias em análise, para o objeto da presente pesquisa, serão analisadas as normativas europeias acerca da liberdade de circulação e da garantia a não discriminação e decisões dos Tribunais europeus a respeito de casos envolvendo discriminação a trabalhadores migrantes, com embasamento teórico-doutrinário de autores nacionais e estrangeiros de grande importância na literatura do Direito. A metodologia utilizada neste trabalho foi de natureza qualitativa, utilizando-se principalmente um levantamento bibliográfico, de decisões judiciais dos Tribunais europeus e de leis e demais atos normativos do Parlamento e do Conselho europeus. Espera-se apontar caminhos para a utilização das teorias de Honneth e Fraser, aliadas, para, após analisadas as origens da discriminação ao trabalhador migrante na União Europeia e suas patologias, poder traçar caminhos para sua superação. / When considering the dwindling existence of barriers between countries, and the right to free movement of workers and anti-discrimination guarantees in the European Union, it´s necessary to analyze the challenges faced by migrant workers (EU citizens) in the pursuit and maintenance of jobs in Block under the political, philosophical and sociological approach, in this case, via Honneth-Fraser debate. From this, this study aims to examine the adoption of recognition as a paradigm for overcoming discrimination to migrant workers, the European Union citizen, is valid through the Honneth’s theory contributions coupled with Fraser’s theory? With this, the paper presents the study on Honneth's theory, through its recognition of the spheres, through the right approach to the freedom to reach the reflective cooperation as a means of questioning the origins and seek solutions to discrimination to migrant workers. About Fraser’s theory, the intent is to analyze it in the light of communion between recognition, redistribution and parity of participation, through the subaltern counterpublics and action remedies. To conclude on the feasibility of the combination of theories analysis to the object of this research will be analyzed the European standards on freedom of movement and ensuring non-discrimination and decisions of the European Courts on cases involving discrimination to migrant workers with theoretical and doctrinal foundation of important national authors and foreigners in the Law literature. The methodology used was qualitative, using mainly a literature review of judgments of the European Courts and laws and other normative acts of Parliament and the European Council. It is expected to show different ways to use the theories of Honneth and Fraser, allied to after analyzed the origins of discrimination to migrant workers in the European Union, able to design ways to overcome them.

This dissertation investigates the labour migration from Southern Europe to Sweden, and the changes in Swedish immigration policy between 1960 and 1972. The first part of the dissertation examines the role of the state in shaping the migration streams from Southern Europe to Sweden. From the beginning of the 1950s to 1966, Sweden’s borders were relatively open, and this facilitated a significant amount of immigration. A system of unregulated individual labour migration developed, where foreign citizens could enter Sweden as tourists and thereafter look for work and obtain a work permit. For a significant period of time there doesn’t seem to have been any strong opposition to this laissez-faire system. This all changed during the 1960s, however, when the liberal immigration regulations were called into question. An important factor was that immigration increased dramatically in the mid-1960s. In addition, the national composition of the migration streams to Sweden changed during these years. Immigration from Yugoslavia, Greece and also from Turkey increased, while the number of immigrants from the Nordic countries diminished. In connection with the changing immigration pattern, certain actors, such as the trade unions and Sweden’s central employment authority, AMS, called for more restrictive immigration regulations. Demands from the trade unions and AMS led to a more stringent immigration control in 1966, and again in 1967, when a new Swedish immigration policy was introduced. Swedish research into changes in immigration policy during the 1960s often emphasizes the considerable influence of the trade unions on the policy shift. An argument put forward in this dissertation is that the intensification of immigration control not only reflected the demands of the trade unions, but that significant demands also came from within the state apparatus, and particularly from AMS. AMS was a relatively autonomous actor when the immigration regulations changed in 1966-1967, and its demands and knowledge regarding the influx of migrant labour made a significant contribution to the formation of the new immigration policy. The second part of the dissertation investigates how industrial companies have shaped the migration streams from Southern Europe to Sweden. Immigrants from Yugoslavia and Greece were often recruited in order to perform the heavy and subordinate work in the manufacturing industries that native workers had either avoided or left at that particular time. The dissertation attempts to explain this concentration of Southern Europeans in subordinate positions in the manufacturing industries. During the 1960s, Yugoslavs became the largest non-Nordic group in the migration streams to Sweden. How did Sweden become connected with this emigration country situated in the Mediterranean? A conclusion is that, to a great extent, the requirements and actions of industrial companies shaped the national composition of the migration streams to Sweden.

The aim of the thesis is to investigate patterns and consequences of internal and international migration in Laos during the period 1985-2005 on both a macro-and a micro-level. The thesis focuses on the influences of socio-economic change and government policies on inter-regional and rural-urban migration as well as on crossborder migration from Laos to Thailand. The study also examines the effects of migration and industrial factory work on gender relations during economic transition and consequences of undocumented migration to Thailand. The background consists of a discussion on socio-economic change within the country and on government policies influencing migration patterns, as well as on how socio-economic change, urbanization and industrialization in the region affect internal and international migration in Laos. The thesis consists of three empirical studies which derive from different sources of data; the first is based on Population Censuses in 1995 and 2005 and the second and the third draw from empirical surveys in 2004-2005 and 2006. Paper I focuses on how socioeconomic factors and government policies influence migration patterns in Laos. The paper found that the interregional migration rate decreased in the later census period. This was due to significantly higher rural-rural migration in the earlier period, which in turn was influenced by various types of government policies. Papers II and III are based on micro surveys; paper II focuses on an urban industrial area in Vientiane Capital and explores the current feminization of rural-urban migrations during economic transition with specific focus on the effects of industrial work on gender roles and status of women as industrial workers. Industrial work was seen by the women as temporary jobs for saving money, for sending remittances, and for either returning home or moving to other jobs in Vientiane or Thailand. Paper III is based on surveys in three provinces, and deals with undocumented migration from Laos to Thailand and its consequences. Different income levels, existing social networks, similar language and socio-cultural backgrounds were determinants of cross-border migrations. The study found that migrants who had contacts with informal brokers were highly exposed to risks of human trafficking and violence.