O presente trabalho tem por intuito analisar o contexto de proteção social em que estão inseridos os trabalhadores brasileiros que emigraram ao Japão no passado e ainda permanecem naquele país ou que tenham retornado ao Brasil, comparando-se os sistemas de seguridade social japonês e brasileiro. A comparação em questão visa expor as medidas colocadas em prática não apenas para eliminar a dupla tributação, mas também para garantir os direitos sociais desses trabalhadores migrantes por meio da aplicação do Acordo Previdenciário Brasil-Japão. O resultado desta pesquisa pretende, por fim, contribuir para o conhecimento dos pesquisadores brasileiros de Direito sobre o tema e, oportunamente, proporcionar reflexões sobre as questões eventualmente suscitadas. / This study aims at analyzing the social protection context in which participate the Brazilian migrant workers who migrated to Japan and there are settled down or are back to Brazil, by comparing the Japanese and the Brazilian social security systems. This comparison is driven to introduce the measures which have been taken, not only for the purposes of avoiding double taxation, but also to ensure the social rights of these migrant workers, by means of applying the Brazil-Japan Social Security Agreement. Finally, the results of this research intend to contribute to the knowledge of the Brazilian legal researchers on this subject and, timely, to yield considerations on the possibly arisen issues.

Ce mémoire présente une analyse comparative exploratoire de la non-utilisation de l’appareil juridique étatique trinidadien en cas de conflit de travail pour les travailleurs migrants temporaires et les travailleurs trinidadiens au sein de French Touch Construction, filiale d’une entreprise française de construction à Port of Spain (Trinidad et Tobago). C’est à travers une perspective foucaldienne que sera examinée la question de la non-utilisation de l’appareil juridique étatique trinidadien en cas de conflit de travail. Cette non-utilisation de l’appareil juridique étatique est étudiée comme un effet des migrations internationales de travail, et ce, à l’encontre des travailleurs migrants (Sud et Nord) et des travailleurs locaux trinidadiens. Ainsi, je propose que nous assistons à une transformation des conditions de travail et des droits accordés aux employés trinidadiens et non pas uniquement à l’encontre des travailleurs temporaires migrants. En effet, le phénomène des migrations internationales de travail dégrade également le statut social de l’employé local qui est concurrencé par cette main-d’oeuvre étrangère, en provenance des pays du Sud ou du Nord et qu’il doit lui aussi être plus flexible et moins exigeant sur ses droits pour être inclus dans cette nouvelle économie du travail. / This research focuses on an exploratory comparative study on the non-accessibility to justice in labor dispute for temporary migrant workers and local workers, based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Port-Of-Spain (Trinidad and Tobago) in a French construction company named French Touch Construction. Building from Foucault's thought, I analyze the non-accessibility to justice as a negative effect of the international labor migrations on temporary migrant workers (North and South) and Trinidadian workers. As a result, I argue that the transformation of work and workers’ rights are not only an issue for temporary migrant workers but also for Trinidadian workers. Effectively, international labor migration involve competition between employees and thus deteriorate the social status of Trinidadian employees in the French Touch Company. Indeed, employees have to be more flexible and less demanding of their rights to be included in this new work economy. To sum it up, I suggest that the international labor migrations, which encourage the worker to perceive himself as a holder of limited rights, also favor a managerial conflict resolution that is unfavorable for the employee.

No description available.

Les Soninkés sont originaires d'une région à la triple frontière entre le Mali, la Mauritanie et le Sénégal. Leur présence en France a été étudiée sous l'angle de la migration de travail, mais pas sous celui des pratiques culturelles et artistiques. Ma thèse vient questionner cette dimension inaperçue. L’enquête ethnographique commence dans les chambres standardisées d’un foyer de travailleurs migrants, lieu d’hébergement pour hommes. J’étudie d’abord de quelle manière les habitants du foyer manipulent l’espace sonore du bâtiment pour se l’approprier. Les musiques qu’ils écoutent et les vidéos de fêtes qu’ils regardent depuis leur smartphone signalent de nombreux lieux en Ile-de-France et en Afrique de l’Ouest autour desquels s’organise la diaspora soninkée. Afin de parcourir ces lieux comme ethnographe, j’intègre la troupe de danse Xhambane Kaffo, basée à Sarcelles. A la suite des danseuses et musiciens rencontrés dans la troupe, je me rends dans les salles des fêtes privées, les espaces culturels municipaux, les théâtres, où ils animent autant de mariages, de journées culturelles, de fêtes associatives ou d’élections de miss. Je me rends également à Bakel, au Sénégal, à rebours du parcours migratoire du directeur de la troupe, ainsi que dans la région du Guidimakha, en Mauritanie, auprès des familles des habitants du foyer. En prenant la musique en filature, ces déplacements me permettent d’étudier comment des hommes catégorisés comme migrants s’inscrivent dans des réseaux à la fois interpersonnels et transnationaux. Ni en France ni en Afrique de l’Ouest, la diaspora à laquelle ils participent n’a de lieu dédié, tel que le serait un centre culturel, mais elle est bel et bien située. / The Soninkes come from a borderland between Mali, Mauritania and Senegal. Their presence in France has been studied in terms of labour migration, but not as a cultural and artistic diaspora. My work concentrates on this unnoticed social dimension. The ethnographic survey begins in the standardised rooms of a Parisan shelter for migrant workers. First of all, I study how the shelter’s inhabitants, only men, shape their living space through sound. They live in confined spaces but the music they listen to and the videos they look at on their smartphones refer to a plethora of spaces in the Paris region and in West Africa. To explore these communities, I join a Soninké dance troupe called Xhambane Kaffo (We are all united in the same language) located in Sarcelles, a short drive north of Paris. Following the dancers and the musicians of this troupe, I go to reception halls, to municipal spaces, to theatres where they lead wedding parties, cultural days, association meetings and elections of diaspora queens. The survey moves then to West Africa : first to Dakar and Bakel, Senegal, following the artistic journey of the Xhambane Kaffo’s troupe director ; then to Mauritania, to meet the families of the Parisian migrant workers. Moving from one point to another allowed me to show how these men, categorized as migrants and single, sit within both a transnational and interpersonal social network. My work argues that if some cultural and artistic practices, such as the Soninkés’ diasporic encounters, are categorized as « invisible » in the urban area, it is because they are seen through a sedentary vision of space.

No description available.

Retirement is a complex undertaking that is influenced by many factors. The variables influence the retirement experience either alone or in combination. Because the factors are intertwined, it is sometimes difficult to determine which are the most significant. The complex nature of retirement often leads to people being under prepared for the challenges they are likely to confront. Despite the importance of the retirement enterprise, there has been little research on the subject among black retirees in South Africa. This is especially true when it comes to the case of retired migrant workers. The purpose of the present study is to explore the experience of life satisfaction during retirement and adjustment to retirement of migrant workers when they return back to their communities of origin in the Eastern Cape Region, South Africa. Research participants for the study were retired persons (N=54) who were selected through snowball sampling method. The data for the study was collected using a Biographical Questionnaire, the Life Satisfaction Index-A, Adjustment Scale and Open-ended Interview Questions. Retired non-migrant workers were also included in the study in order to determine whether there are differences on these measures compared to retired migrant workers. The results of the study indicated that: retired migrant workers had significantly lower levels of life satisfaction and encountered more adjustment problems in retirement than retired non-migrant workers; retired migrant workers had less choice in their decision to retire than retired non-migrant workers; retired migrant workers did not participate in sufficient financial planning for their retirement; and financial situation significantly affects adjustment to retirement and life satisfaction during retirement. / Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)

The Covid-19 pandemic that erupted in 2020 has impacted most livelihoods and increased poverty levels worldwide. This thesis considers the impact which the Corona pandemic has had on Ukrainian seasonal migrant workers’ livelihoods in Poland. The societal travel restrictions’ short-term effects on the seasonal livelihoods are investigated along with the subsequent short-term coping strategies used by the seasonal migrant workers. The study draws on primary data from 10 semi-structured, digital interviews conducted with Ukrainian seasonal migrant workers from different sectors who worked in Poland during the pandemic period. Through the Sustainable Livelihood Framework, the cases were individually considered whilst also comparing within the sample groups from the sectors agriculture, construction, domestic services, culinary, and warehouse work. The findings of the study show that the seasonal migration livelihood strategy was resilient, lowered vulnerability, and allowed for sustainable livelihood outcomes despite the Corona pandemic. Travel restrictions and other institutional processes enabled or disabled the seasonal workers. Despite the Corona pandemic, the seasonal migration livelihood strategy was used as a short-, medium- and long-term strategy to alleviate poverty. The study increases the multidimensional understanding of the pandemic effects on Ukrainian seasonal workers in Poland. Therefore, this research provides an understanding of poverty alleviation, seasonal migration livelihood strategies, and resilience in a pandemic context.

While human rights are promoted as inherent to all, various categories of migrants frequently face formidable resistance in their recognition. The Lepean work migrants belong to this category, who instead of obtaining reciprocal protection for their pivotal role in sustaining a sector crucial for Spain and the EU, are relegated to the margins of Spanish society. Drawing on Arendt’s ‘right to have rights’ and intersectionality, this thesis strives to explore the correlation and extent to which the denial of universal human rights among third-country migrant agricultural workers in Lepe can be attributed to the social markers of gender, race and migrant status, and their intersection. The objective is to achieve this by examining the migrant workers’ perceived access to the right to adequate housing, labour rights and the right to security of person, and through answering the research questions (1) To what extent do third-country agricultural migrant workers in Lepe perceive they get to enjoy the right to adequate housing, labour rights and the right to security of person?, (2) In what ways do third-country agricultural migrant workers in Lepe perceive the fulfilment of the right to adequate housing, labour rights and the right to security of person is determined by gender, race and migration status?, (3) In what ways do third-country agricultural migrant workers in Lepe perceive that the intersection of gender, race and migrant status determine the fulfilment of the right to adequate housing, labour rights and the right to security of person? The study was designed as a case study using abductive reasoning. The primary data consisted of semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis was used to interpret the empirical data. The findings elucidate that the migrants experienced a near-total denial of the rights relevant to this study and that this can largely be attributed to gender, race, migrant status, and their intersection, with regular status being a precondition for the enjoyment of this set of rights, and gender and race exasperating the already experienced denial of rights associated with irregular status.

The purpose of this study is to tell the story of female victims of human trafficking from Ethiopia. It pertains to the cause of trafficking and how it affects their social and emotional wellbeing. The study is conducted in light of constructivist framework and involves in-depth interviews with five returnees whose experiences as victims are explored. This is done to get insight into the challenges faced by the wider population. Themes evident in the stories are discussed in line with relevant literature. The study shows lack of job opportunities, limited income and false promises made by brokers as the major factors drawing women into human trafficking. The findings also show that even after return, the victims experience further difficulties due to post-traumatic psychological factors. Looking at the significance of the research outcome, the gleaned information could be of value for organizations working on migration and countering human trafficking. / Investigation into the experiences of female victims of trafficking in Ethiopia / Experiences of female victims of trafficking in Ethiopia / Female victims of trafficking in Ethiopia / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

Le monde du travail connaît actuellement de grandes transformations. Le modèle nord-américain d’organisation syndicale ne semble plus permettre au mouvement syndical de répondre efficacement à ces transformations, favorisant le développement de plusieurs initiatives de renouveau syndical. Pour évaluer les impacts d’initiatives de renouveau syndical, nous avons développé un modèle basé sur le concept de zone syndicale (Haiven, 2003, 2006). Nous avons dû déterminer les facteurs définissant la zone syndicale, comme la littérature était muette à ce sujet. En utilisant d’abord la théorie des déterminants de la densité syndicale (Schnabel, 2003), nous avons intégré au modèle les éléments de la théorie des ressources du pouvoir syndical (Lévesque et Murray, 2010) pour considérer les facteurs internes aux syndicats qui influencent la zone syndicale. L’intégration de ces trois théories dans un modèle unifié constitue une innovation théorique significative. Le modèle a été appliqué à deux centres de travailleurs : le Vermont Workers Center et le Centre des Travailleurs de St-Rémi. Dans les deux cas, ces initiatives ont permis d’élargir la zone syndicale. Par contre, le Centre du Vermont applique les principes du syndicalisme communautaire, en cherchant à développer du leaderhsip chez ses membres (Cranford et Ladd, 2013), alors que celui de St-Rémi applique un syndicalisme de mobilisation, où le leadership s’exerce par les organisateurs syndicaux (Camfield, 2007). Cette différence et leurs différents mandats font que les impacts des deux cas étudiés diffèrent. D’autres études sont nécessaires pour améliorer le modèle proposé. Ce dernier demeure malgré tout un outil pour les chercheurs ou les syndicats qui veulent évaluer des initiatives ou des pratiques syndicales et permettre, à terme, d’augmenter l’influence du mouvement syndical sur le marché du travail et la société. / The labor market is undergoing major changes. The north-american model of union organization seems to not allow the labor movement to respond effectively to these changes, which have contributed to the development of several union renewal initiatives. To evaluate the impacts of union renewal initiatives, we have developped a model based on the concept of union zone (Haiven 2003, 2006). We had to determine the factors defining the union zone, as the litterature was silent about that subject. Using at first the theory of the determinants of the union density (Schnabel, 2003), we have integrated elements of the theory of union power resources (Lévesque and Murray, 2010) to the model to consider the internal factors for the unions that can influence the union zone. The integration of these three theories in one unified model constitute a significant theoritical innovation. The model was applied to two workers centers : the Vermont Workers Center and the St-Rémi Workers Center. In both cases, these union renewal initiatives have enlarged the union zone. On the other side, the Vermont center applies the principles of community unionism, seeking to develop leadership among its members (Cranford and Ladd, 2003), while the St-Rémi center applies the principles of mobilization unionism, in which leadership is exercised rather by union organizers (Camfield, 2007). This difference and their different mandates made the impacts in the two studied cases different. Further studies are needed to improve the proposed model. It remains a tool that can be useful for researchers or unions who want to evaluate the impacts of union initiatives or practices and, eventually, increase the influence of the labor movement on the labor market and society.