This paper looks into the pricing of Warhammer 40 000 miniature, manufactured by the company Games Workshop. On some internet forums there has been a discussion on whether the prices rise without giving anything in return, and whether the company cares about the players or the hobbyists. To help answer this question the correlation coefficiant between the price of the miniatures in both Pound and the in game Points and between Swedish Krona and in game Points was calculated. If a correlation exist between the two that would mean one gets a relatively similar points return per Pound, Swedish Krona or other currency spent. This was done on 139 different samples of miniatures/units. The results indicates that there is indeed a strong correlation between the two. This could mean that either the price is dependent on the points or vice versa. Higher price leads to higher points though, meaning that the customer get a similar amount of points relative to what they spend in money. This means, from a game perspective you get relatively the same back from you investment. To answer whether one gets something back in return for a higher price, the answer would be a higher amount of points. / Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka priserna för miniatyrerna tillverkade av företaget Games Workshop för spelet Warhammer 40 000. På flertal internetforum kopplat till Warhammer har det diskuterats kring deras priser och huruvida de bryr sig om spelarna eller de som håller på med det endast som hobby. Frågan är också om priserna höjs utan att ge något i gengäld. För att hjälpa till att svara på just den frågan kommer korrelationskoefficienten uträknas mellan priserna i Svenska kronor, priserna i Engelska Pund och Poängen i spelet. Om korrelationen är stark betyder det att alla konsumenter får relativ lika många poäng per krona eller pund spenderad. Korrelationskoefficienten uträknades på 139 olika insamlade enheter. Resultaten visade på att det fanns en stark korrelation mellan poäng och kostnad i valuta. Dyrare miniatyrer gav mer poäng och billigare miniatyrer leder till färre poäng. Dock har denna uppsats inte svarat på om det är priserna som styr poängen eller vice versa, även om antydan finns att det skulle vara det första. Oavsett betyder detta att, från en spelares perspektiv, får man alltid lika mycket tillbaka i poäng i relation till spenderad valuta.

Bestiários são manuscritos ricamente ilustrados e, no entanto, há poucos estudos dedicados especificamente às suas imagens. Deste modo, esta pesquisa tem por objetivo investigar o papel das imagens em três bestiários produzidos na Inglaterra entre os séculos XII e XIII, redigidos em latim. Partimos do princípio de que essas imagens não têm uma função meramente ilustrativa ou mnemônica, uma vez que raramente fazem referência às moralizações e exegeses do texto. A proposta principal desta pesquisa é, pois, analisar as imagens e suas funções nos manuscritos tendo em mente que a lógica do pensamento figurativo não é a mesma da do texto. / Bestiaries are richly illustrated manuscripts, however, there are few studies devoted specifically to its images. As it is, the purpose of this research is to investigate the role played by the images in three Latin bestiaries produced in England during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Our hypothesis is that these images do not serve a merely illustrative or mnemonic function, as they rarely reference the textual moralizations and exegeses. The objective of this work is to analyze the images and their functions in the manuscripts bearing in mind that the logic of figurative thought is not the same as the texts.

Repetitive stimulation of motor nerves causes an increase in the number of packets of transmitter ("quanta") that can be released in the ensuing period. This represents a type of conditioning, in which synaptic transmission may be enhanced by prior activity. Despite many studies of this phenomenon, there have been no investigations of the quantal mechanisms underlying these events, due to the rapid changes in transmitter output and the short time periods involved. To examine this problem, a method was developed in which estimates of the quantal release parameters could be obtained over very brief periods (3 s). Conventional microelectrode techniques were used to record miniature endplate potentials (MEPPs) from isolated frog (Rana pipiens) cutaneous pectoris muscles, before and after repetitive (40 sec at 80 Hz) nerve stimulation. Estimates were obtained of m (number of quanta released), n (number of functional release sites), p (mean probability of release) and var$\rm\sb{s}$p (spatial variance in p) using a method that employs counts of MEPPs per unit time. Fluctuations in the estimates were reduced using a moving bin technique (bin size = 3 s, $\Delta$bin = 1 s). Muscle contraction was prevented using low Ca$\sp{2+},$ high Mg$\sp{2+}$ Ringer or normal Ringer to which $\mu$-conotoxin GIIIA was added. These studies showed that: (1) the post-stimulation increase in transmitter release was dependent on stimulation frequency and not on the total number of stimulus impulses. When the total number of pulses was kept constant, the high frequency pattern produced a higher level of transmitter release than did the lower frequency patterns; (2) augmentation and potentiation were present in both low Ca$\sp{2+},$ high Mg$\sp{2+}$ and normal Ringer solutions, but potentiation, m, n, p and var$\rm\sb{s}$p were greater in normal Ringer solution than in low Ca$\sp{2+},$ high Mg$\sp{2+}$ solution. In low Ca$\sp{2+},$ high Mg$\sp{2+}$ solution, there was a larger decrease in n compared to p; (3) hypertonicity (addition of 100 mM sucrose) produced a marked increase in both basal and stimulation-induced values of m, n, and p. By contrast, there was a marked increase in the stimulation-induced but not the basal values of var$\rm\sb{s}$p; (4) hypertonicity produced a decrease in augmentation but had no effect on potentiation; (5) augmentation and potentiation appeared to involve mitochondrial uptake and efflux of cytoplasmic Ca$\sp{2+}.$ Tetraphenylphosphonium (which blocks mitochondrial Ca$\sp{2+}$ efflux and uptake) decreased augmentation and potentiation in low Ca$\sp{2+},$ high Mg$\sp{2+}$ solutions but increased potentiation in the same solution made hypertonic with 100 mM sucrose; (6) the overall findings suggest that this new method may be useful for investigating the subcellular dynamics of transmitter release following nerve stimulation.

L’étude des aérosols stratosphériques est importante pour comprendre le bilan radiatif terrestre. A l’heure actuelle, notre représentation des différents types de particules stratosphériques et leurs répartitions spatiale et temporelle n’est pas complète. Au cours de cette thèse, nous tentons de montrer que la mesure de la concentration en particules sous ballon météorologique au moyen d’un nouveau mini compteur de particules, le LOAC, pourrait permettre de rendre compte de la possible variabilité locale du contenu en aérosols stratosphériques dans la gamme de taille 0,2 à 100 μm en diamètre. La première partie de ce travail consiste à caractériser plus précisément les performances du LOAC sous ballon météorologique appliqué à la mesure en stratosphère. La seconde partie propose une analyse comparée du contenu en aérosols stratosphériques obtenu par LOAC, à partir de lâchers de ballons en France régulièrement depuis 3 ans et plus ponctuellement à l’étranger dans des situations particulières (volcan, mousson), et par d’autres types de données (Observations spatiales, lidar sol et simulation globale). Nous montrons alors que l’instrument possède une limite de détection rendant difficile la mesure des particules submicroniques lors de période de fond en moyenne stratosphère pour des concentrations de l’ordre d’une particule par cm3. Dans sa version actuelle, le LOAC permet de documenter les panaches volcaniques en troposphère ainsi qu’en basse stratosphère. En perspective, nous proposons des directions pour la calibration et l’analyse des futures données d’une nouvelle génération de l’instrument en développement. / The study of the stratospheric aerosols is important to our understanding of the terrestrial radiative budget. Our current comprehension of the different types of stratospheric particles and their spatial and temporal distribution is incomplete. In the present study, we try to show that measuring particle concentrations by the means of a new balloon-borne miniature particle counter, the LOAC, may allow us to determine the local variability in stratospheric aerosols in the size range 0.2 – 100 μm in diameter. In that respect, the PhD thesis consists of a first phase of a more accurate characterisation of the LOAC’s performances under balloon-borne measurement. A second phase consists of comparative analysis of stratospheric aerosol content based on a LOAC dataset obtained during a continuous campaign of balloon launches in France, along with some occasional flights abroad under particular circumstances (volcanic eruption, monsoon). Thus we show that the LOAC has a detection limit that restricts the measurement of submicronic particles in volcanic quiescent periods for concentrations lower than typically 1 particle per cm3. In its current version, the LOAC allows us to characterise aerosols in volcanic plumes in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. And, further, we propose directions concerning possible calibration and analysis strategies for the future data from the next generation of the LOAC currently in development.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-12-16T14:29:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 angelitamariarochaferraridacosta.pdf: 8280642 bytes, checksum: 61e89c8e1ed77b60e90b528432ef0b14 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-12-19T12:36:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 angelitamariarochaferraridacosta.pdf: 8280642 bytes, checksum: 61e89c8e1ed77b60e90b528432ef0b14 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-19T12:36:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 angelitamariarochaferraridacosta.pdf: 8280642 bytes, checksum: 61e89c8e1ed77b60e90b528432ef0b14 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-14 / Este trabalho pretende colaborar para o conhecimento da coleção de 104 pinturas em miniatura que pertenceram à Viscondessa de Cavalcanti, expostas no Museu Mariano Procópio em Juiz de Fora. Por seu imenso valor artístico, a preservação do patrimônio, a importância do hábito de colecionar e para a definição de uma prática cultural que representa poder econômico e social, demonstração de conhecimento, intimidade com a arte e o desejo de encontrar uma pretensa imortalidade com a doação a instituições e museus de arte, dando autenticidade ao colecionador e sua coleção. / Ce travail prétend collaborer pour la connaissance de la collection de 104 peintures miniature qui ont appartenu à la Vicomtesse de Cavalcanti, exposées au Musée Mariano Procópio en Juiz de Fora. Par son immense valeur artistique, la conservation du patrimoine, l'importance de l'habitude de collectionner et pour la définition d'une pratique culturelle qui représente pouvoir économique et social, démonstration de connaissance, intimité avec l'art et le désir de trouver une supposée immortalité avec la donation à des institutions et musées d'art, en donnant authenticité au collectionneur et sa collection.

Neste estudo, foi investigado o efeito da dieta larval no desenvolvimento de características morfológicas casta-específicas e na expressão de alguns genes durante o desenvolvimento da abelha sem ferrão Scaptotrigona aff. depilis . Nesta espécie, as castas femininas são determinadas pela quantidade de alimento consumida durante o desenvolvimento larval. Grupos experimentais larvas criadas in vitro foram feitos com duas quantidades diferentes de alimento larval, obtido de favos recém provisionados nesta espécie. As larvas do primeiro grupo receberam 32l de alimento larval, correspondente a quantidade média de alimento recebida por larvas de operárias naturalmente, já as larvas do segundo grupo receberam 130l, correspondente a quantidade média encontrada naturalmente em células reais. Todas as larvas criadas com 130l de alimento larval se desenvolveram em rainhas, como esperado; da mesma forma, a maioria das larvas criadas com 32l se desenvolveram em operárias. Interessantemente, porém, algumas larvas deste grupo se desenvolveram em rainhas miniaturas, sugerindo que outros fatores, além do trófico, estejam envolvidos na determinação de castas em S. aff. depilis. Subsequentemente, analisamos os títulos de hormônio juvenil (HJ) na hemolinfa por radioimunoensaio durante quatro estágios do último instar larval e encontramos que as larvas do grupo de 130l de dieta apresentaram maiores títulos no estágio defecante (LD) (p=0,034, t-test), se comparado com as larvas do grupo de 32l. Os níveis de expressão de determinados genes que foram previamente descritos em outras espécies como expressos preferencialmente em rainhas. Um destes genes, dnmt-3, codifica a DNA metiltransferase envolvida na metilação do DNA. Para este gene, encontramos maiores níveis de transcritos nas larvas alimentadas como rainhas (130l) nos estágios LPD e LD (p=0,029, Mann-Whitney), do que as larvas que receberam 32l. Analisamos também dois genes envolvidos no metabolismo do HJ, e para um deles, jheh, codificador de uma epóxido-hidrolase do hormônio juvenil, não encontramos diferença nos níveis de mRNA entre larvas de rainhas e operárias. Para jhe, o qual codifica a esterase do hormônio juvenil, encontramos maiores níveis de transcritos no estágio LD nas larvas criadas com 130l de alimento. Isso indica que a expressão de jhe pode ser induzida pelo aumento dos títulos de HJ neste estágio. Os dois genes, hmgr e mfe, envolvidos no passo inicial e final da síntese do HJ, respectivamente, o primeiro mostrou uma pequena variação nos níveis de expressão, sendo que a expressão de mfe foi menor nas larvas criadas com 32l de alimento larval e foi encontrado um pico de expressão no estágio LPD nas larvas alimentadas com 130l. O produto desse gene, metilfarnesoato epoxidase, está envolvido no passo limitante da síntese de HJ em Apis mellifera. Dois outros genes analisados foram o homólogo ao EcR, codificador do receptor de ecdisona e o usp, codificador do potencial receptor do HJ. Seus níveis de expressões foram maiores nos estágios LPD e LD, respectivamente, nas larvas alimentadas com 130l de alimento e os níveis de EcR se correlacionaram com o perfil dos títulos de ecdisona e os de usp com os títulos de HJ, publicados para esta espécie. Não houve diferença nos níveis de expressão dos genes selecionados que pudessem relacionar ou permitir distinguir as rainhas miniaturas das operárias durante os estágios do desenvolvimento estudados. Uma análise morfométrica de adultos faratos indica claramente que as rainhas miniaturas são rainhas autênticas. / In this work we investigated the role played by the larval diet in the development of caste-specific morphological traits and in the expression of candidate genes during the development of the stingless bees, Scaptotrigona aff. depilis. In this species, the female castes are determinate by the amount of food consume during larval development. Experimental groups of larvae were reared in vitro on two different quantities of larval food obtained from newly provisioned brood cells of this species. Larvae of the first group received 32l of larval food, corresponding to the quantity usually received by the workers larva, whereas larvae of the second group received 130l, corresponding to the quantity normally deposited in queen cells. All larvae reared on 130l of larval food developed into queens, as expected, and similarly, most of the larvae reared on 32l developed into workers. Interestingly, however, some larvae of this group developed into miniature queens, suggesting that factors additional to the trophic ones may be involved in caste determination in S. aff. depilis. We subsequently analyzed the hemolymph juvenile hormone (JH) titers by radioimmunoassay during four stages of the last larval instar and we found that larvae of the 130l diet group had higher JH titer in the defecating stange (LD) (p=0,034, t-test) than larvae of the 32l diet group. Next we analyzed the expression levels of set of candidate genes that had previously been described as preferentially expressed in queens of others bee species. One of these genes dnmt-3, encodes DNA methyltransferase involved in DNA methylation. For this gene we found higher transcripts levels in prospective queens during the final larval stage (both in pre-defecating larvae LPD and defecating larvae- LD) (p=0,029, Mann-Whitney). We also analyzed two genes involved in JH metabolism, and for one of them jheh, encoding a juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase, we did not find any differences in mRNA levels for queens and workers larvae. For jhe, which codes juvenile hormone esterase we found higher transcript levels in the LD stage in larvae reared on 130l of larval food. This indicates that jhe expression may be induced by an elevated JH titer during this stage. For two genes, hmgr and mfe, involved in an initial and a final step of JH synthesis, respectively, the first one showed little variation in expression levels, whereas mfe expression was lower in larvae reared on 32l of larval food and we found an expression peak in the LPD stage (p=0,029, Mann-Whitney) of larvae reared on 130l larval food. The product of this gene, a methylfarnesoate epoxidase, has been shown to be involved in a rate-limiting step of JH sunthesis in the honey bee, Apis mellifera. The other two genes analyzed were the EcR homolog encoding an ecdysone receptor and usp coding for potencial JH receptor. Their expressions were higher during LPD (p=0,006, t-test) stages and LD (p=0,026, t-test), respectively, in larvae fed with 130l of food and the levels of transcripts of EcR correlated with changes in the ecdysone titer and usp with the JH titer published for this species. We did not find differences in expressions levels for any of these candidate genes that could related to and allow to distinguish between prospective miniature queens and workers in these stages. A morphometric analysis of pharate adults, however, clearly demonstrated that the miniature queens are authentic queens.

Neste estudo, foi investigado o efeito da dieta larval no desenvolvimento de características morfológicas casta-específicas e na expressão de alguns genes durante o desenvolvimento da abelha sem ferrão Scaptotrigona aff. depilis . Nesta espécie, as castas femininas são determinadas pela quantidade de alimento consumida durante o desenvolvimento larval. Grupos experimentais larvas criadas in vitro foram feitos com duas quantidades diferentes de alimento larval, obtido de favos recém provisionados nesta espécie. As larvas do primeiro grupo receberam 32l de alimento larval, correspondente a quantidade média de alimento recebida por larvas de operárias naturalmente, já as larvas do segundo grupo receberam 130l, correspondente a quantidade média encontrada naturalmente em células reais. Todas as larvas criadas com 130l de alimento larval se desenvolveram em rainhas, como esperado; da mesma forma, a maioria das larvas criadas com 32l se desenvolveram em operárias. Interessantemente, porém, algumas larvas deste grupo se desenvolveram em rainhas miniaturas, sugerindo que outros fatores, além do trófico, estejam envolvidos na determinação de castas em S. aff. depilis. Subsequentemente, analisamos os títulos de hormônio juvenil (HJ) na hemolinfa por radioimunoensaio durante quatro estágios do último instar larval e encontramos que as larvas do grupo de 130l de dieta apresentaram maiores títulos no estágio defecante (LD) (p=0,034, t-test), se comparado com as larvas do grupo de 32l. Os níveis de expressão de determinados genes que foram previamente descritos em outras espécies como expressos preferencialmente em rainhas. Um destes genes, dnmt-3, codifica a DNA metiltransferase envolvida na metilação do DNA. Para este gene, encontramos maiores níveis de transcritos nas larvas alimentadas como rainhas (130l) nos estágios LPD e LD (p=0,029, Mann-Whitney), do que as larvas que receberam 32l. Analisamos também dois genes envolvidos no metabolismo do HJ, e para um deles, jheh, codificador de uma epóxido-hidrolase do hormônio juvenil, não encontramos diferença nos níveis de mRNA entre larvas de rainhas e operárias. Para jhe, o qual codifica a esterase do hormônio juvenil, encontramos maiores níveis de transcritos no estágio LD nas larvas criadas com 130l de alimento. Isso indica que a expressão de jhe pode ser induzida pelo aumento dos títulos de HJ neste estágio. Os dois genes, hmgr e mfe, envolvidos no passo inicial e final da síntese do HJ, respectivamente, o primeiro mostrou uma pequena variação nos níveis de expressão, sendo que a expressão de mfe foi menor nas larvas criadas com 32l de alimento larval e foi encontrado um pico de expressão no estágio LPD nas larvas alimentadas com 130l. O produto desse gene, metilfarnesoato epoxidase, está envolvido no passo limitante da síntese de HJ em Apis mellifera. Dois outros genes analisados foram o homólogo ao EcR, codificador do receptor de ecdisona e o usp, codificador do potencial receptor do HJ. Seus níveis de expressões foram maiores nos estágios LPD e LD, respectivamente, nas larvas alimentadas com 130l de alimento e os níveis de EcR se correlacionaram com o perfil dos títulos de ecdisona e os de usp com os títulos de HJ, publicados para esta espécie. Não houve diferença nos níveis de expressão dos genes selecionados que pudessem relacionar ou permitir distinguir as rainhas miniaturas das operárias durante os estágios do desenvolvimento estudados. Uma análise morfométrica de adultos faratos indica claramente que as rainhas miniaturas são rainhas autênticas. / In this work we investigated the role played by the larval diet in the development of caste-specific morphological traits and in the expression of candidate genes during the development of the stingless bees, Scaptotrigona aff. depilis. In this species, the female castes are determinate by the amount of food consume during larval development. Experimental groups of larvae were reared in vitro on two different quantities of larval food obtained from newly provisioned brood cells of this species. Larvae of the first group received 32l of larval food, corresponding to the quantity usually received by the workers larva, whereas larvae of the second group received 130l, corresponding to the quantity normally deposited in queen cells. All larvae reared on 130l of larval food developed into queens, as expected, and similarly, most of the larvae reared on 32l developed into workers. Interestingly, however, some larvae of this group developed into miniature queens, suggesting that factors additional to the trophic ones may be involved in caste determination in S. aff. depilis. We subsequently analyzed the hemolymph juvenile hormone (JH) titers by radioimmunoassay during four stages of the last larval instar and we found that larvae of the 130l diet group had higher JH titer in the defecating stange (LD) (p=0,034, t-test) than larvae of the 32l diet group. Next we analyzed the expression levels of set of candidate genes that had previously been described as preferentially expressed in queens of others bee species. One of these genes dnmt-3, encodes DNA methyltransferase involved in DNA methylation. For this gene we found higher transcripts levels in prospective queens during the final larval stage (both in pre-defecating larvae LPD and defecating larvae- LD) (p=0,029, Mann-Whitney). We also analyzed two genes involved in JH metabolism, and for one of them jheh, encoding a juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase, we did not find any differences in mRNA levels for queens and workers larvae. For jhe, which codes juvenile hormone esterase we found higher transcript levels in the LD stage in larvae reared on 130l of larval food. This indicates that jhe expression may be induced by an elevated JH titer during this stage. For two genes, hmgr and mfe, involved in an initial and a final step of JH synthesis, respectively, the first one showed little variation in expression levels, whereas mfe expression was lower in larvae reared on 32l of larval food and we found an expression peak in the LPD stage (p=0,029, Mann-Whitney) of larvae reared on 130l larval food. The product of this gene, a methylfarnesoate epoxidase, has been shown to be involved in a rate-limiting step of JH sunthesis in the honey bee, Apis mellifera. The other two genes analyzed were the EcR homolog encoding an ecdysone receptor and usp coding for potencial JH receptor. Their expressions were higher during LPD (p=0,006, t-test) stages and LD (p=0,026, t-test), respectively, in larvae fed with 130l of food and the levels of transcripts of EcR correlated with changes in the ecdysone titer and usp with the JH titer published for this species. We did not find differences in expressions levels for any of these candidate genes that could related to and allow to distinguish between prospective miniature queens and workers in these stages. A morphometric analysis of pharate adults, however, clearly demonstrated that the miniature queens are authentic queens.

The diploma thesis is focused on determining mechanical properties of alloys produced by powder metallurgy methods. Two alloys were studied, namely a highly entropic CrMnFeCoNi alloy and an oxide dispersion-strenthened FeAlO alloy. Both alloys were made in laboratory amount of test material and miniature test specimens were used to measure their mechanical properties. The main goal of the diploma thesis was to develop a crack preparation methodology, to examine and to evaluate the properties of miniature test specimens for materials with low levels of resilience. In the analytical part of the thesis, tensile and deformation properties and fracture toughness of both alloys were measured. For the highly-entropic CrMnFeCoNi alloy, the thesis focused on the effect of the strain rate on the properties of the alloy. For the oxide dispersion-strenthened FeAlO, the effect of temperature in the 23-600 °C temperature range on its mechanical properties was studied.

Les avions comportent plusieurs systèmes de navigation et de communication nécessitent des antennes VHF large bande. Réduire la taille de ses antennes est un enjeu majeur tout en gardant des bonnes performances. Cette thèse propose des nouvelles configurations d'antennes à profil bas utilisant des nouveaux matériaux nanocomposites non conducteurs constitués de nanoparticules magnétiques développés au Lab-STICC. Un monopole planaire large bande a été développé et optimisé avec un taux de miniaturisation de 60% grâce à l'utilisation d'un matériau magnéto-diélectrique de forte perméabilité et faible pertes couvrant seulement 5% de sa surface. Les résultats expérimentaux, en presque parfait accord avec les simulations, montrent que le diagramme de rayonnement est omnidirectionnel et que la polarisation est verticale, avec un bon niveau du gain. L'antenne monopole planaire insérée dans un MMD des dimensions limitées avec des pertes a été modélisée par un nouveau circuit équivalent multi résonant. Ce circuit est développé à partir de l'impédance d'entrée de l'antenne et des caractéristiques du MMD, et validé par les simulations avec un parfait accord entre les résultats. / Airplanes with multiple navigation and communication systems require broadband VHF antennas. Reduce the size of these antennas is a major challenge while keeping good performances. This thesis proposes new configurations of low profile antennas using new nanocomposite non-conductive materials consisting of magnetic nanoparticles developed at Lab-STICC. A broadband planar monopole has been developed and optimized with a 60% miniaturization rate thanks to the use of a high permeability and low loss magneto-dielectric material covering only 5% of its surface. The experimental results, in almost perfect agreement with the simulations, show that the radiation pattern is omnidirectional and that the polarization is vertical, with a good level of gain. The planar monopole antenna inserted in a MMD of limited dimensions with losses was modeled by a new multi-resonant equivalent circuit. This circuit is developed from the input impedance of the antenna and the characteristics of the MMD. and validated by the simulations with a perfect agreement between the results.

Huntington's disease (HD) belongs to neurodegenerative disorders. It is a monogenic disease caused by trinucleotic CAG expansion in exon 1 of gene coding protein huntingtin. Even though the cause of HD is known since 1993, the pathophysiology and cure for HD reminds to be found. The animal models are being used for better understanding of HD. The most common animal models for HD are rodents, especially mice but it was also important to create large animal models, which will be more like human. Therefore, TgHD minipig was created in Academic of Science in Liběchov in 2009. This model was created by microinjection of lentiviral vector carrying N-terminal part of human HTT with 124 repetitive CAG in exon 1. This model is viable and in every generation, is part of the offspring transgenic. In this thesis, I specialized to biochemical and behavioral changes of this model. I compared transgenic and wild type siblings. I found that biochemical changes are manifested mostly by increased level of mtHtt fragments in testes and brain. In behavioral part of this thesis I established new methods for testing behavioral changes in this model. The introduced methods showed some changes between wild type and transgenic animals at the tested ages but these changes were not significant due to the low number of...