Une antenne auto-complémentaire possède des caractéristiques radioélectriques très intéressantes en ce qui concerne l'élargissement de sa bande passante. Basée sur le principe de Babinet, l'auto-complémentarité permet en effet de maximiser la largeur de bande de par la complémentarité air-métal dans la structure de l'antenne. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier quels pouvaient être les apports de l'auto-complémentarité dans le cas d'antennes à fortes contraintes d'intégration telles que celles utilisées pour les terminaux mobiles. Pour tester les limites de notre étude, nous avons choisi d'appliquer nos résultats à l'intégration d'antennes auto-complémentaires dans un objet communicant de type Smartphone multi-standards. Les antennes dites AC doivent par conséquent satisfaire de nombreux critères de performances tout en montrant leur capacité d'intégration. Celle-ci est rendue d'autant plus délicate, que la miniaturisation implique à son tour des phénomènes physiques limitant certaines performances, notamment en basse fréquence avec la nouvelle bande LTE. Dans une première étude, nous avons considéré différentes antennes et opté pour les antennes IFA-AC sur un plan de masse fini afin de couvrir initialement les bandes hautes DCS/PCS/UMTS et WLAN/LTE2600. Dans une seconde étude, nous avons amélioré leurs performances à l'aide d'éléments structurels nouveaux et interdépendants (éléments rayonnants de type double IFA), qui nous ont permis d'obtenir des résultats probants relatifs notamment à la couverture des bandes LTE800 et GSM. Enfin, nous avons complété notre projet en optimisant le lien radio par l'intégration de plusieurs éléments rayonnants AC sur un même PCB.

Dwarfism is considered one of the most recognized congenital defects of animals and humans and can be hereditary or sporadic in cause and expression. There are two general morphologic categories within this vastly diverse disease. These categories are disproportionate and proportionate dwarfism and within each of these there are numerous phenotypes which have been extensively described in humans, and to a lesser extent in dogs, cattle, mice, chickens, and other domestic species. Ponies and Miniature horses largely differ from full size horses only by their stature. Ponies are often defined as those whose height is not greater than 14.2 hands; however the maximum height for Miniature horses is constitutionally defined as 8.2 hands. Dwarfism is not considered a desirable genetic trait for Miniature horses. A majority of these conformationally inferior horses showed consistent physical abnormalities typical of disproportionate dwarfisms as seen in other mammal species. A whole genome scan with the Illumina Equine SNP50 chip clearly implicated a region on ECA1 as being associated with dwarfism of horses. The region implicated on the horse chromosome 1 (Equus Caballus; ECA1) contained a candidate gene for dwarfism, aggrecan (ACAN). Mutations were found in Exons 2, 6, 11 and 15 with each mutation associated with a distinct type of dwarfism. These mutations are independently transmitted throughout the population. Absence of normal homozygotes for these mutations and absence of normal horses which were heterozygous for these mutations indicated that these alleles caused dwarfism in those genotypes. These genotypes did not explain all observed dwarves in this population.

Two types of rotary gate microvalves are developed for flow modulation in a microfluidic system that operates at high flow rate and/or uses particulate flow. This research work encompasses design, microfabrication, and experimental evaluation of these microvalves in three distinct areas compliant micromechanism, microfluidics, and electromagnetic actuation. The microvalve consists of a suspended gate that rotates in the plane of the chip to regulate flow through the orifices. The gate is suspended by a novel fully-compliant in-plane rotary bistable micromechanism (IPRBM) that advantageously constraints the gate in all other degrees of freedom. Multiple inlet/outlet orifices provide flexibility of operating the microvalve in three different flow/port configurations. The suspended gate is made of a soft magnetic material and is electromagnetically actuated like a rotor in a variable-reluctance stepper motor. Therefore, an external electromagnetic (EM) actuation at the integrated set of posts (stator) causes the gate mass to switch from its default angular position to a second angular position. The microvalve chip is fabricated by electroplating a soft magnetic material, Permalloy (Ni80Fe20) in a sacrificial photoresist mold on a Silicon substrate. The inlet/outlet orifices are then etched into the Silicon substrate from the back-side using deep-reactive ion etch process. Finally, the gate structure is released by stripping the PR and seed layers. This research work presents the realization of a new microvalve design that is distinct from traditional diaphragm-type microvalves. The test results are encouraging and show the potential of these microvalves in effectively modulating flow in microfluidic systems that may not require a tight seal. The microvalve uses a novel in-plane rotary bistable micromechanism that may have other applications such as optical shutters, micro-locks, and passive check valves.

Thesis (M.S.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Thomas J. Watson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Department of Systems Science and Industrial Engineering, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

Arbetets syfte är att på ett metodiskt vis utveckla en produkt i form av ett växthus för inom- och utomhusbruk, på uppdrag av ett utomstående företag. En förstudie utfördes för att bredda kunskapen kring växters krav och behov. Därefter undersöktes även vilka krav och önskemål odlarna ställer på en produkt av denna karaktär. Enkät- och intervjusvar blev grunden för många beslut kring funktion och utseende. Dessutom låg fokus på att utveckla en trendig och hållbar produkt. Utvecklingen följde en arbetsprocess utvecklad av Pahl och Beitz som består av 4 olika faser: planering/specifikation, konceptuell design, konceptutveckling och detaljdesign. Resultatet blev ett växthus med möjlighet för odling i jord och kruka. Locket till växthuset fungerar som avställningsbänk och inkapslar en syntetisk belysning som hjälper växterna frodas i karga nordiska miljöer. I locket finns även ett bevattningssystem som underlättar bevattning för användaren. Genom en modulär konstruktion erbjuds användaren 360 graders åtkomst till växterna från jordnivå. / The degree project’s purpose was to develop a product following a methodological approach. The product was a miniature greenhouse for indoor and outdoor use, commissioned by a company. The goal of the project was to develop an entire product. An extensive prestudy was performed focused on understanding plants and their needs. Wishes and demands of users were collected by questionnaires and interviews. The answers collected became the basis for many decisions regarding function and form. Furthermore, a lot of focus was on developing a trendy and sustainable product. The development process followed Pahl and Beitz’s model which consists of 4 phases: Planning/specification, Conceptual design, Concept development and Detail design. The result is a greenhouse with the possibility for growing in pots or soil. The lid acts as a storage space and encapsulates the synthetic lights that will help the plants grow, especially in climates with less sun. The lid also contains a system that makes watering the plants easier. The modular construction gives the user 360-degree access to the plants from soil level.

The emerging paradigms of shockwave research have opened up new horizons for interdisciplinary applications. This has inevitably driven research towards studying the propagation of shockwaves in miniature shock tubes (tube diameters typically in the range of 1−10 ). Studies have revealed that while operating at this diameter range and low initial pressures (typically 1 < 100 ) leading to low values of characteristic Reynolds numbers (typically ′ < 23,000 −1), results in the boundary layer playing a major role in shockwave attenuation. But there are very few studies addressing shockwave attenuation when shock tubes are operated at higher Reynolds number. Pressure measurements and visualization studies in shock tubes of these length scales are also seldom attempted due to practical difficulties. Given that premise, in the present work the shockwave attenuation due to wall effects and non-ideal diaphragm rupture in shock tubes of hydraulic diameters 2 , 6 and 10 has been investigated at ambient initial driven section conditions ( 1 = 300 and 1 = 1 resulting in Reynolds number in the range 70,212 −1 – 888,627 −1). In this study pressure measurements and high-speed visualization have been carried out to find the effect of the pressure ratio, temperature ratio and molecular weights of driver gas on the shock attenuation processes. In order to study the effects of the driver/driven gas temperature ratios on the shock attenuation process, a new in-situ oxyhydrogen (hydrogen and oxygen gases in the ratio 2:1) generator has been developed. Using this innovative device, the miniature shock tubes are also run in the detonation mode (forward facing detonation wave). The results obtained using helium and nitrogen driver gases for these shock tubes reveal that as the hydraulic diameter of the shock tube is reduced, a larger diaphragm pressure ratio is required to obtain a particular strength of shockwave. The attenuation in the shockwave is found to be a function of the driver gas properties namely specific heat ratio ( 4), molecular weight ( 4), temperature ( 4) as well as the diaphragm opening time of the shock tube in addition to the parameters , 21, / , and 1 as already suggested in previous reports. The visualization studies reveal that the effect of diaphragm opening time leading to longer shock formation distances appears to influence the shockwave attenuation process at these shock tube diameters. Further, it is also found that the strength of the shockwave reduces when the ratio 4/ 1 is higher. It is also seen that the length of the driven sections must be less than twice the length of the driver sections to reduce attenuation. Based on the understanding of the nature of supersonic flow in a miniature shock tubes, a novel shock/blast wave device has been developed for certain innovative biotechnology applications such as needleless vaccine delivery and cell transformations. The new device has an internal diameter of 6 and by varying the length of the driver/driven sections either shock or blast waves of requisite strength and impulse can be generated at the open end of the tube. In the shock tube mode of operation, shockwaves with steady time duration of up to 30 have been generated. In the blast tube mode of operation, where the entire tube is filled with oxyhydrogen mixture, shockwaves with peak pressures of up to 550 have been obtained with good repeatability. An attempt to power this device using solar energy has also given successful results. Visualization of the open end of the detonation driven shock tube reveals features typical of flow from the open end of shock tubes and has helped in quantifying the density field. The subsequent instants of the flow resemble a precursor flow in gun muzzle blast and flash. Typical energy levels of the shock/blast waves coming out this device is found to be about 34 for an oxyhydrogen fill pressure of 5.1 in the shock tube operation mode. Transformation of E.coli, Salmonella Typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial strains using the device by introducing plasmid DNA through their cell walls has been successfully carried out. There is more than twofold increase in the transformation efficiency using the device as compared to conventional methods. Using the same device, needleless vaccine delivery in mice using Salmonella has also been demonstrated successfully. Overall, in the present thesis, a novel method for generating shockwaves in a repeatable and controllable manner in miniature scales for interdisciplinary applications has been proposed. Also, it is the first time that experiments with the different diameter miniature shock tubes have been carried out to demonstrate the attenuation of shockwaves as the hydraulic diameter of the shock tube decreases. Future research endeavors will focus on quantitative measurement of the particle velocity behind the shock waves, and also on the nature of the boundary layers to further resolve the complex flow physics associated with supersonic flows in these miniature shock tubes.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:00:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pre textual.pdf: 208972 bytes, checksum: d5650f70e15a7dd092097594c63e9844 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-16 / This work investigates the possibilities of building miniature houses are scenarios for research for the study of geometry. It has made through a Master Programme of Education in Sciences and Mathematics at Federal university of Goiás. The study of geometry through the trial is a form of education defended by Education many researchers in mathematics education (ANDRADE; NACARATO, 2008; FAINGUELERNT, 1999; PAULO, 2001; PAVANELLO, 2007). Begin of a proposal to work through scenarios for mathematics research as it considers the student's participation in an investigative approach, through play and through the act of playing. Developed the project "Small Builder" in which students built mini-houses that the process of building geometric concepts we studied. The activities were developed in the Escola Municipal Santa Helena , at Goiania, in a room with 27 children between 10 and 12 years. The data were analyzed following the paths of qualitative research in a phenomenological approach. In the investigative process, we analyzed the ways of understanding expressed by the students and the educational intervention carried out by the teachers involved. The study converged to open three categories: the understandings expressed on the measures proposed scenario, the understandings expressed on ways and plane figures in the proposed scenario, the understandings expressed in addition to the geometry in the proposed scenario. These categories have shown the possibility of the project "Small Builder" is set as the for research, by enabling the study of geometry and also go beyond. The analysis showed the weaknesses of the teacher and student, and the ephemerality of the scenarios for research, allowing one to rethink the life-world classroom geometry. / O presente trabalho, realizado junto ao Programa de Mestrado em Educação em Ciências e Matemática da Universidade Federal de Goiás, investiga quais as possibilidades da construção de miniaturas de casas serem cenários para investigação para o estudo da geometria. O trabalho com a geometria, por intermédio da experimentação, é uma indicação defendida por vários pesquisadores em Educação Matemática (ANDRADE; NACARATO, 2008; FAINGUELERNT, 1999; PAULO, 2001; PAVANELLO, 2007). Nesta investigação, parto das considerações desses autores e caminho para uma proposta de trabalho por meio dos Cenários para Investigação Matemática. Essa perspectiva considera a participação investigativa do aluno de forma lúdica e por intermédio do ato de brincar. Desenvolvi o projeto Pequeno Construtor , na Escola Municipal Santa Helena, em Goiânia, em usa sala com 27 crianças entre 10 e 12 anos. No projeto, os alunos edificaram minicasas para que, no processo de construção, estudássemos conceitos geométricos. Os dados obtidos foram analisados seguindo as orientações da pesquisa qualitativa numa abordagem fenomenológica. No processo investigativo, foram analisados os modos de compreensão expressos pelos alunos e a intervenção pedagógica realizada pelos professores envolvidos. O estudo convergiu para três categorias abertas: as compreensões expressas sobre medidas no cenário proposto; as compreensões expressas sobre formas e figuras planas no cenário proposto; as compreensões expressas para além da geometria no cenário proposto. Tais categorias revelaram a possibilidade de o projeto Pequeno Construtor se constituir como cenário de investigação, ao possibilitar o estudo da geometria e também ir para além dela. As análises indicaram as fragilidades do professor e do aluno, bem como a efemeridade dos cenários para investigação, ao mesmo tempo em que possibilitaram um repensar o mundo-vida da sala de aula de geometria.

Les femmes jouent un rôle essentiel dans le cadre domestique. Elles sont les épouses, mères et servantes qui existent dans toutes les familles et dans toutes les classes. Le proverbe médiéval proclame qu’être occupée est la raison d’être de la femme : « les mains des femmes, comme les dents des chevaux, ne peuvent être en repos ». Elles rendent tout le temps service pour le bien-être de leurs maîtres, maîtresses et enfants : toilette, repas, repos, déplacement, naissance et mort. Leurs occupations domestiques sont intenses mais considérées comme banales et répétitives. Les femmes sont toujours occupées autour d’autrui, mais leurs travaux n’ont pas uniquement une dimension physique ou mécanique. L’attachement mutuel est visible dans les scènes. Elles laissent peu de traces dans l’histoire. Cependant les illustrations marquent fréquemment leurs figures occupées, même si souvent au plan secondaire. Il est intéressant de mettre en lumière leurs représentations, d’étudier leurs tâches. À travers plus de trois cents enluminures extraites de manuscrits franco-flamand du XVe siècle, enrichies d’autres documents picturaux et sources archivistiques, littéraires ou archéologiques, cette thèse propose une image des femmes dans le cadre domestique à la fin du Moyen Âge, ainsi que la vie quotidienne des personnes de l’époque. / Women play an essential role in the domestic setting. They are the wives, mothers and servants existing in every family and in every class. As the medieval proverb : « les mains des femmes, comme les dents des chevaux, ne peuvent être en repos » which means « Women’s hands, like horses’s teeth, can never rest ». They are always busy, always acting for the wellbeing of their masters, mistresses and children : grooming, meals, nursing, travels, birth and death. Their domestic occupations are intense but considered trite and repetitive. Women continuously take care of others, and their work isn’t always just physical or mechanical. Mutual devotion is obvious in those scenes. They do not leave a lot of mark on history, but the illustrations still show their busy silhouettes, often relegated to secondary importance. It is worth high lighting their representations and studying their chores.Through more than three hundred illuminations from French and Flemish manuscripts of the XVth century, enriched by other pictorial documents, and archival, literary or archeological sources, this thesis offers a picture of women in the domestic setting, as well as everyday life of the people living in that time period.

This thesis deals with a high temperature testing of fracture toughness and studies the size effect on measured values using miniature size CT specimen. Two types of specimen geometry were manufactured from P91 steel, the standard size and the quarter size specimen. J-R curves were obtained in the temperature range from 23°C to 600°C. No specimen size effect was observed at room temperature tests. The realized experiments together with fractography analysis demonstrated the drop of toughness at 400°C caused by the effect of dynamic strain aging.

<p>Senzori vlažnosti zemljišta su od ključnog značaja za sisteme za navodnjavanje kojima je moguće uvećati prinose u proseku za 79%. U okviru ove disertacije razvijena su dva senzorska rešenja za merenje vlažnosti zemljišta. Prvi senzor je namenjen određivanju vlažnosti uzoraka zemljišta u neporemećenom stanju. Rešenje je nastalo nadogradnjom standardne opreme za uzorkovanje zemljišta. Za pomenuti senzor konstruisana je kalibraciona kriva kojom je moguće odrediti vlažnost zemljišta sa relativnom greškom ne većom od 2.5%. Drugo senzorsko rešenje je fabrikovano u LTCC tehnologiji, malih je dimenzija i namenjeno je primeni na terenu. Glavna prednost ovog senzora je da na njega ne utiče provodnost zemljišta koja je usko povezana sa tipom zemljišta. Predloženi senzor je testiran na dva uzorka zemljišta različitog hemijskog sastava. Rezultati merenja su pokazali da tip zemljišta nema uticaj na odziv senzora. Ostvarena relativna greška u odnosu na pun merni opseg iznosi 5.36%.</p> / <p>Soil moisture sensors are of great importance for the irrigation systems that<br />are able to increase the yiel on avarage of 79%. Within this thesis two sensor<br />solutions have been developed. The first sensor, which is intended for<br />laboratory use, has been designed by upgrading existing sampling<br />equipment. The constructed calibration curve for this type of sensor that can<br />be used for soil mositure determination with relative error not larger than<br />2.5% with respect to full scale output. The second sensor solution is<br />designed to be used in the field. It is fabricated in LTCC technology and it is<br />charaterized by small overall dimensions. The main advantage of this sensor<br />is that it is immune to the soil electrical conductivity which is closely related to<br />the soil type. Proposed sensor is tested on two soil sample of different<br />chemical composition and the results have shown that the type of soil does<br />not influence the sensor response. The relative error with the respect of full<br />scale output was only 5.36 %.</p>