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Harassment in the workplace Abstract This diploma thesis concerns harassment in labor relations. I deal with problems of mobbing, bossing and sexual harassment in the workplace. The aim is to analyze the overall legal regulation of these problems, including the case law of the Czech courts. Two chapters are also devoted to the defense against these undesirable behaviors. The work takes into account the legal regulation of constitutional, civil, labor, criminal and administrative law. In the area of sexual harassment, not only the Czech legislation but also the regulation of this problem in the Slovak Republic were taken into account. This work is divided into seven chapters. In these chapters, the basic terms are explained and the terms mobbing, bossing are explained. Also there is defense against these undesirable behaviors. The third is to clarify the concept of sexual harassment and subsequent defense. The most important is the analysis of these problems under Czech legislation and in the concept of sexual harassment also a comparison of Czech and Slovak legislation. Key words mobbing, bossing, sexual harassment

Mobbing und Straining sind Phänomene, die in Deutschland bislang kaum rechtliche Beachtung erfahren haben, obgleich sie real existieren, eine Vielzahl von Personen betreffen und immense wirtschaftliche Schäden verursachen. So begegnet man diesen Phänomenen zuweilen mit allgemeinen Rechtsinstrumenten, was eine Herausforderung darstellt und mitunter an Grenzen stößt. Im ersten Teil der Arbeit wird ein umfassender Überblick darüber gegeben, welche Ansprüche in Betracht kommen und welche rechtlichen Möglichkeiten für betroffene Personen bestehen. In einer systematischen Darstellung wird aufgezeigt, wie reale Lebensvorgänge im Kontext von Mobbing und Straining unter bestehende Rechtsvorschriften subsumiert werden können. Im Fokus steht insbesondere der Bereich des öffentlichen Dienstes, der aufgrund seiner speziellen Rahmenbedingungen vielfach rechtliche und tatsächliche Besonderheiten aufweist, die es zu berücksichtigen gilt, wie etwa die Amtshaftung. Neben der rechtlichen Aufarbeitung hält der zweite Teil der Arbeit eine deutschlandweite Studie mit rund 2.300 Teilnehmenden zum Thema Straining und Mobbing im öffentlichen Dienst bereit, deren Ergebnisse erstmalig Aussagen und Rückschlüsse zum Strainingaufkommen in Deutschland zulassen. Ferner liefert die umfassende empirische Untersuchung vertiefte Erkenntnisse zur Existenz und Bedeutung der Phänomene Straining und Mobbing im Kontext des öffentlichen Dienstes. / Bullying and straining are phenomena that have, so far, received little legal attention in Germany. This is the case even though these conditions do exist, affect a large number of people, and cause immense economic damage. Currently, these phenomena have been countered with general legal instruments, representing a challenge, and sometimes reaches its limits. In the first part of the work, a comprehensive overview is given of which claims are possible and which legal options exist for victims of bullying. A systematic presentation shows how actual life processes in the context of bullying and straining can be subsumed under existing legal provisions. The focus is particularly on the area of ​​public service, which, due to its special framework conditions, often has legal and factual peculiarities that need to be taken into account, such as official liability. In addition to the legal analysis, the second part of the work contains a Germany-wide study with around 2,300 participants on the subject of straining and bullying in public service, the results of which allow statements and conclusions to be drawn about the amount of straining in Germany for the first time. Furthermore, the comprehensive empirical study provides in-depth insights into the existence and significance of the phenomena of straining and bullying in the context of public service.

El trabajo se divide en dos grandes apartados. En el primero, realiza una descripción del sector en el que se ha realizado el estudio (hortofrutícola): a continuación revisa algunos de los factores contextuales y organizativos en el marco de lo que se denomina factores de riesgo psicosocial, su clasificación y su situación en España: y finalmente una descripción del mobbing y sus características más relevantes. En el segundo, se presentan los objetivos, metodología, resultados y discusión y conclusiones. La muestra esta compuesta por 396 trabajadores pertenecientes a una empresa del sector hortofruticola, Las principales conclusiones son: Una alta tasa de incidencia (28%) del mobbing, y se señalan como predictores de este fenómeno, en concreto con tres de sus formas de expresión (acoso personal, acoso al rendimiento en el trabajo y otras formas de acoso), cuatro predictores (carga mental, definición de rol, interés por el trabajo y supervisión/participación). / The work is divided into two sections. In the first, gave a description of the sector where the study was conducted (agro fruit): then reviewed some of the organisational factors issues in the context of what is called psycho-social risk factors, classification and their status in Spain: and finally a description of mobbing and their characteristics. In the second, we presented the objectives, the methodology, the results and the discussion. The sample of 396 workers belonging to a company in the agro fruit sector, The main results are: a high incidence rate (28%) of mobbing, and identifies as predictors of this phenomenon, especially with three of his forms of expression (personal harassment, harassment to job performance and other forms of harassment), four predictors (mental load, conflict and ambiguity of roles, interest in the work and supervision and participation).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:34:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vilma Moreira dos Santos.pdf: 1143557 bytes, checksum: 6665d5bebd2b00383faa73995557643b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-18 / The research carried out validates the use of fables within the psychotherapy treatment process of a patient exhibiting conditions of mobbing, depression and panic syndrome. The study was carried out using evaluative case studies. The research is developed by way of evaluative case study which consisted of 116 weekly sessions. Initially, a clinical diagnosis was carried out and elaborated from a picture drawn of a person, (extracted from the projective test: House, Tree and Person). The sessions included various means of information discover techniques including interview, unaided discussion and observation. The sessions are carried out with randomly fables, using relaxation technique from Schultz and Jacobson, with dream interpretation and instruct patients to view movies. The achievement is verify what the fables contribute to the patient on the positive way of understanding more easily on the psychotherapists discoveries, if laying down his resistances of speaking about his thoughts and amplify the symbolic consciousness. The first intervention moment lasts for 16 months, the second lasts for 4 months in which the second picture is drawn and the third moment lasts 9 months when the final picture is requested. At the first moment, favorable conditions with emotional support are provided to the patient in an attempt to release illusion, as per Winnicot s vision. A mobbing situation is then employed, in which the patient also experiences depression, panic syndrome, a high level of personal and professional self demand and renders the patient passive within relationships. At the end of this moment, the patient begins to projects their aggression externally rather than internalising it in a more positive and socially accepted way. The second moment is predominated by the acceptance of herself, being able to see how much she was hurting, showing more confidence, communicating and facing her inability to better affectionate difficulties. In the third moment, the patient shows being secure and happy, a high level of self grooming and starts to feel good about being noticed in society. The patient Illustrates having learnt to stand up for herself and confronts situations with more confidence. Further she is outwarding projecting the positive changes in her life, smiling frequently. The evolutive analysis of the picture drawn confirms the radical development of the patient. The use of fables was well accepted by the patient, who managed to get closer and face her problems and learn how to deal with them in a healthier manner. The results also indicate that the relaxation techniques associated with the fables contributed to a wider and deeper assimilation from the patient. The process illustrated the case study is gradually developed in 24 parts, properly analyzed in regards to the moments described.(AU) / Esta pesquisa verifica a validade da utilização de fábulas em processo psicoterapêutico de paciente de Mobbing acometida de depressão e síndrome de pânico. Desenvolve-se por meio de estudo de caso avaliativo-interventivo evolutivo prolongado, com um total de 116 sessões semanais. Inicialmente realiza o diagnóstico clínico elaborado a partir do desenho da figura humana, extraído do teste projetivo House Tree and Person, de entrevista inicial semi-dirigida, e de coleta de relatos verbais e observações feitas durante os primeiros atendimentos. As sessões são realizadas com utilização ocasional de fábulas, associada ou não a técnicas de relaxamento de Schultz e Jacobson, com interpretação de sonhos e recomendação de filmes. O objetivo é verificar se as fábulas contribuem de forma positiva para o paciente compreender com mais facilidade as interpretações do psicoterapeuta, se diminui sua resistência ao falar dos seus conteúdos e se amplia à consciência simbólica. O primeiro momento interventivo tem a duração de aproximadamente 16 meses, o segundo, de 04 meses, quando é solicitado o segundo desenho e o terceiro processa-se em 09 meses, quando é solicitado o último desenho. No primeiro momento é proporcionado à paciente um ambiente facilitador com sustentação emocional (Holding), buscando resgatar sua ilusão, numa visão winnicottiana. Revela-se uma situação de Mobbing acompanhada de depressão manifesta e síndrome do pânico; com alto nível de exigência pessoal e profissional; grande passividade nos relacionamentos e na dinâmica do casal. Ao final desse momento, já consegue começar a desviar sua auto-agressividade para o meio externo de maneira mais positiva e socialmente aceita. No segundo momento predomina o encontro e aceitação de seu verdadeiro jeito de ser; enxerga o quanto estava se deixando prejudicar; mostra-se mais confiante, comunica-se e enfrenta melhor suas dificuldades afetivas. No terceiro momento demonstra estar segura e feliz. Cuida de sua aparência e sente prazer em ser notada socialmente. Demonstra ter aprendido a se defender em situações de confronto, com maior autonomia e verbaliza estar muito feliz com as mudanças, sorri com freqüência. A análise evolutiva dos desenhos confirmam esta boa evolução. A utilização de fábulas foi muito bem aceita pela paciente, que conseguiu por meio da leitura simbólica contida nas mesmas, aproximar-se de sua problemática e aprender a lidar com ela de forma mais saudável. Os resultados também indicam que a utilização de relaxamento associado à leitura das fábulas contribuiu para sua assimilação mais abrangente e profunda. O estudo ilustra a evolução do caso por meio de 24 vinhetas, devidamente analisadas em relação aos momentos descritos.(AU)

This thesis focuses on the presence of mobbing and its forms in a chosen health care facility, its aim is to prove awareness of this phenomenon by the superiors and their knowledge about solution techniques. The goal of this thesis is to find out the influence of mobbing on the atmosphere at a working place (efficiency), eventually if its presence is observed by patients.

The main theme of this thesis is bullying in labour-law relations which is called more precisely mobbing. There has always occurred some kind of psychological violence in the society, but mobbing is assumed to be relatively a new phenomenon. Features like constant pressure on job performance, increasing unemployment and the whole pace of modern life, they all cause the more frequent tendency of mobbing. First, the important terminology related to the theme is explained. This explanation is necessary for the content of next parts of the thesis. It is the definition of labour-law relations with their division, subjects, basic principles, content, origin and extinction. Next, there are definitions of known and also less usual terms related to bullying in the text, problems of relationship between terms bullying and mobbing included. Next parts of the thesis are oriented to causes, phases, methods and consequences of mobbing. Then, the text is concentrated on legislation of protection against mobbing. The most important regulation in this field of law is undoubtedly the anti- discrimination act which with Civil Code provides means of private-law protection against discrimination and defence against bullying. Control activities of Labour inspection authority and possible protection provided by Penal Code are...

<p>"Mobbing" i förskolan är ett relativt outforskat område om man jämför med mobbing i skolan. Till en början skulle studien handla om förskolornas likabehandlingsplaner, men i det tidiga sökandet efter information kring detta så uppstod nya funderingar. det visade sig att forskare verkade vara lite oense om huruvida "mobbing" existerade i förskolan eller inte. Denna studie har som syfte att öka kunskapen och förståelsen kring begreppet "mobbing" i förskolan. Den övergripande frågan är om "mobbing" i förskolan existerar eller inte? Hur visar sig "mobbing" på förskolorna? Och om "mobbing" inte existerar på förskolan, vad är det då? Och om det inte är mobbing i förskolan, vilket annat begrepp bör vi då använda oss av? I studien används ordet kränkande behandling i samband med mobbing då det inte är helt klart om det finns eller inte i förskolans värld.</p><p>För att få fram kvalitativ data har intervjuer och observationer använts i studien. Med hjälp av intervjuer och observationer har kränkande behandlingar studerats, diskuterats och analyserats. En slutsats i undersökningen var att förskolans miljö, barns många relationer och pedagogernas inverkan hade en stor betydelse när det gällde "mobbing/ kränkande handlingar i förskolan. Det framgick även att makt var en viktig faktor i samband med mobbing. Etnicitet och att överhuvudtaget vara annorlunda innebar en ökad risk för att bli utsatt för mobbing/kränkande handlingar visade studien.</p>

"Mobbing" i förskolan är ett relativt outforskat område om man jämför med mobbing i skolan. Till en början skulle studien handla om förskolornas likabehandlingsplaner, men i det tidiga sökandet efter information kring detta så uppstod nya funderingar. det visade sig att forskare verkade vara lite oense om huruvida "mobbing" existerade i förskolan eller inte. Denna studie har som syfte att öka kunskapen och förståelsen kring begreppet "mobbing" i förskolan. Den övergripande frågan är om "mobbing" i förskolan existerar eller inte? Hur visar sig "mobbing" på förskolorna? Och om "mobbing" inte existerar på förskolan, vad är det då? Och om det inte är mobbing i förskolan, vilket annat begrepp bör vi då använda oss av? I studien används ordet kränkande behandling i samband med mobbing då det inte är helt klart om det finns eller inte i förskolans värld. För att få fram kvalitativ data har intervjuer och observationer använts i studien. Med hjälp av intervjuer och observationer har kränkande behandlingar studerats, diskuterats och analyserats. En slutsats i undersökningen var att förskolans miljö, barns många relationer och pedagogernas inverkan hade en stor betydelse när det gällde "mobbing/ kränkande handlingar i förskolan. Det framgick även att makt var en viktig faktor i samband med mobbing. Etnicitet och att överhuvudtaget vara annorlunda innebar en ökad risk för att bli utsatt för mobbing/kränkande handlingar visade studien.

Syftet med undersökningen har varit att studera hur ett antal elever på IV-programmet med matematiksvårigheter har upplevt sin matematikundervisning i grundskolan. En kvalitativ metod i form av intervjuer användes. Studien har haft en retrospektiv karaktär där eleven i efterhand har sett tillbaka på vad som hänt i grundskolan och matematikundervisning. Eleverna som intervjuades var tio stycken, 16-19 år gamla. I analysen av resultatet framkom att elevernas matematikupplevelser ofta överskuggades av andra minnen. Många av eleverna hade upplevt mobbing i skolan under längre tid vilket medfört både skolsvårigheter och längre frånvaro från skolan. Tre av eleverna upplevde svårigheter i matematik redan från årskurs 1. De allra flesta av de intervjuade fick svårigheter med matematiken i årskurs 4. De talade om hur tempot blev högre och uppgifternas svårighetsgrad ökade. De fick svårt att hänga med i undervisningen och för några av dem blev skolk en lösning på problemet.  De flesta av eleverna har haft specialpedagogiskt stöd individuellt eller i särskild undervisningsgrupp. Slutsatsen dras att det inte går att förutsätta att elever på IV-programmet har specifika matematiksvårigheter. Man kan notera att de har någon typ av svårighet och att skälet bör utredas genom samtal med eleven.