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Digitala lösningar och information- och kommunikationsteknik (IKT) har föreslagits som ett potentiellt kraftfullt verktyg för att skapa smarta hållbara lösningar som minskar utsläpp och energibehov. Det pågår däremot en debatt huruvida IKT-lösningar verkligen bidrar till minskade utsläpp och minskad energikonsumtion. Det finns ett behov att utvärdera IKT-lösningars påverkan på klimatet med utgångspunkt i ekologisk, ekonomisk och social hållbarhet. Ett tillvägagångssätt att utvärdera klimateffekter är genom hållbarhetsanalyser. Elvenite och dess moderbolag har tagit fram en hållbarhetsanalys som kallas klimatnyttoanalys, vars huvudsakliga syfte är att öka kunskapen kring företagets digitaliseringslösningars positiva och negativa klimatpåverkan. Klimatnyttoanalysen är ny arbetsprocess på Elvenite och denna studie ämnar undersöka dess utvecklingsmöjligheter genom att kartlägga hur medarbetarna på Elvenite och en utvald kund ser på arbetet med klimatnyttoanalys. Baserat på kartläggningen kommer denna studie ge förslag och rekommendationer för fortsatt arbete med klimatnyttoanalys samt ge ett förslag på ett ramverk. Studien är avgränsad att endast ta hänsyn till de ekologiska aspekterna av hållbarhet. Den metod som används är en litteratursökning, en enkätundersökning som analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys samt en intervjustudie som analyserades med tematisk analys. I resultatet presenteras klimatnyttoanalysen i relation till tidigare forskning, en sammanställning av enkätundersökningen samt en sammanställning av den tematiska analysen av intervjustudien. Studien kommer fram till åtta åtgärdsförslag på hur klimatnyttoanalysen behöver utvecklas samt vad Elvenite behöver göra för att fortsätta arbetet med klimatnyttoanalyser och en viktig tanke om social hållbarhet som Elvenite bör ta hänsyn till. Dessutom presenteras ett förslag på ett ramverk baserat på de åtta åtgärdsförslagen. / Digital solutions and information and communication technology (ICT) have been proposed as a potentially powerful tool for creating smart sustainable solutions that reduce emissions and energy needs. On the other hand, there is a debate about whether ICT solutions really contribute to reduced emissions and energy consumption. There is a need to evaluate the impact of ICT solutions on the climate based on ecological, economic, and social sustainability. One approach to evaluating climate effects is through sustainability analysis. Elvenite and its parent company have developed a sustainability analysis called climate benefit analysis, whose main purpose is to increase knowledge about the company's digitalization solutions' positive and negative climate impact. The climate benefit analysis is a new work process at Elvenite, and this study intends to investigate its development opportunities by mapping how the employees at Elvenite and a selected customer view the work with climate benefit analysis. Based on the survey, this study will provide proposals and recommendations for continued work with climate benefit analysis and provide a proposal for a framework. The study is limited to considering only the ecological aspects of sustainability. The method used is a literature search, a questionnaire survey that was analyzed with qualitative content analysis and an interview study that was analyzed with thematic analysis. The results present the climate benefit analysis in relation to previous research, a compilation of the questionnaire survey and a compilation of the thematic analysis of the interview study. The study comes up with eight proposals for measures on how the climate benefit analysis needs to be developed and what Elvenite needs to do to continue the work with climate benefit analyzes and an important idea of social sustainability that Elvenite should consider. In addition, a proposal for a framework based on the eight proposals for action is presented.

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ABSTRAKT Bakgrund: Typ 1-diabetes (T1D) hos barn ökar. T1D är en kronisk sjukdom som barnet kommer behöva leva med hela livet vilket kan medföra att fler föräldrar behöver ta ansvar för barnets behandling med T1D. Sjukdomen har visat sig ha stor påverkan på föräldrarnas och hela familjens vardag. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa påverkan på vardagen hos föräldrar som vårdar ett barn med typ 1-diabetes. Metod: En litteraturstudie baserad på tio kvalitativa studier. Studierna granskades, analyserades och sammanställdes. Resultat: Upplevelsen av att behöva anpassa sig till sjukdomen framkom som ett genomgående tema i resultatet. Resultatet presenteras i följande kategorier; Att behöva rätta sig efter sjukdomen, Att uppleva att relationer förändras samt Att uppleva stöd och brist på stöd från andra. Konklusion: Föräldrarna uppskattade när stödet de fick från vården var individuellt anpassat och när vårdpersonalen kände till hela familjens omständigheter. En förändring hos en familjemedlem påverkar hela familjen. Med kunskap om detta kan sjuksköterskan bättre förstå behovet av familjefokuserad vård. Det behövs mer forskning om föräldrars och familjers behov av familjefokuserad vård. Även forskning om könsskillnader inom föräldraskapet behövs. Nyckelord: Typ 1-diabetes, föräldrar, vardag, modell för omvårdnad, familjefokuserad omvårdnad / ABSTRACT Background: Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) among children increases. This may lead to more parents who need to take responsibility for their child’s treatment. The disease has been shown to have a major impact on everyday life for parents and the whole family.   Aim: The aim of this study was to illuminate the impact on everyday life among parents that care for a child with Type 1 Diabetes. Methods: A literature study based on ten qualitative studies. The studies were reviewed, analyzed and compiled. Results: The experience of having to adapt to the disease emerged as a recurrent theme in the outcome. The results is presented in three categories; Having to comply with the disease, To experience that relationships change and To experience support and lack of support from others. Conclusion: Parents appreciated when the healthcare support was adjusted to the whole family’s circumstances. A change in one family member affects the entire family. With knowledge of this the nurse could better understand the need for family-focused care. There should be more research on parents’ and families’ need for family-focused care and also on gender differences in parenting.  Keywords: Type 1 Diabetes, parents, everyday life, model for nursing, family-focused care

[pt] Esta dissertação propõe uma ferramenta de apoio aos tomadores de decisão das instituições sociais, no processo de seleção e avaliação de seus projetos. O modelo foi construído a partir da necessidade mapeada, no processo de planejamento estratégico de uma organização de cunho social, de se obter indicadores de avaliação objetivos, alinhados com sua Missão e Visão, com vistas a iniciar um processo de gestão estratégica institucional. O modelo proposto, inspirado no Balanced Scorecard, respeita as características de uma instituição de cunho social, que não visa lucro e apresenta outras especificidades se comparada às empresas privadas. Foram utilizados métodos qualitativos e quantitativos para mapear os principais indicadores de avaliação dos projetos da organização, obtendo-se um modelo aderente às necessidades da instituição estudada. Como resultado, foi criada a Matriz de Avaliação de Projetos, que busca alinhar os projetos desenvolvidos à estratégia do negócio, possibilitando a priorização de projetos e o descarte daqueles não alinhados com os objetivos estratégicos da organização. O modelo propicia a padronização da análise de projetos, viabilizando a avaliação dos projetos realizados ou propostos em função do seu desempenho em relação aos indicadores estabelecidos, a realocação de investimentos e a remodelagem dos projetos de acordo com as estratégias corporativas. Os resultados preliminares sugerem que a Matriz proposta se configura útil como instrumento de seleção e avaliação de projetos sócio-culturais, bem como se mostra uma ferramenta apropriada de feedback, de aprendizado organizacional e de alinhamento estratégico. / [en] This paper proposes a tool to support decision-makers of social institutions in the process of selection and evaluation of their projects. The proposed model was created out of necessity mapped in the organization s strategic planning process, to obtain indicators for evaluating objectives aligned with its mission and vision and with aims of starting a institutional strategic management process. The proposed model, inspired by the Balanced Scorecard, respects the characteristics of a social institution, is not-profit and presents other special features when compared to private companies. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to map the key indicators for evaluating the organization s projects, thereby obtaining a model adhering to the needs of the institution studied. As a result, the Matrix Assessment Project was created, which seeks to align developed projects to the business strategy, enabling the prioritization of projects and discarding those not aligned with the organization s strategic goals. The model provides standardization of project analysis, enabling the assessment of projects carried out or proposed on the basis of their performance in relation to the established indicators, the reallocation of investments and redevelopment of projects in accordance with corporate strategies. Preliminary results suggest that the proposed matrix is configured as a useful tool for selection and evaluation of socio-cultural projects, as well as an appropriate feedback tool, organizational learning and strategic alignment.

The interior of heavy goods vehicles (HGVs) differs from passenger cars. Both the steering wheel and the occupant are positioned differently in a HGV and increases the risk of steering wheel rim impacts. Such impact scenarios are relatively unexplored compared to passenger car safety studies that are more prevalent within the field of injury biomechanics. The idea with using human body models (HBMs) is to complement current crash test dummies with biomechanical data. Furthermore, the biofidelity of a crash dummy for loading similar to a steering wheel rimimpact is relatively unstudied and especially to different rib levels. Therefore, the aim with this thesis was to evaluate HGV occupant thoracic response between THUMS v4.0 and Hybrid III (H3) during steering wheel rim impacts with respect to different rib levels (level 1-2, 3-4, 6-7, 7-8, 9-10) with regards to ribs, aorta, liver, and spleen. To the author’s best knowledge, use of local injury risk functions for thoracic injuries is fairly rare compared to the predominant usage of global injury criteria that mainly predicts the most commonthoracic injury risk, i.e. rib fractures. Therefore, local injury criteria using experimental test datahave been developed for the ribs and the organs. The measured parameters were chest deflectionand steering wheel to thorax contact force on a global level, whilst 1st principal Green-Lagrangestrains was assessed for the rib and the organ injury risk. The material models for the liver and the spleen were remodelled using an Ogden material model based on experimental stress-strain data to account for hyperelasticity. Rate-dependency was included by iteration of viscoelastic parameters. The contact modelling of the organs was changed from a sliding contact to a tied contact to minimize unrealistic contact separations during impact. The results support previous findings that H3 needs additional instrumentation to accurately register chest deflection for rib levels beyond its current range, namely at ribs 1-2, 7-8, and 9-10. For THUMS, the chest deflection were within reasonable values for the applied velocities, but there were no definite injury risk. Fact is, the global injury criteria might overpredict the AIS3 injury risk (rib fractures) for rib level 1-2, 7-8, and 9-10. The rib strains could not be correlated with the measured chest deflections. This was explained by the unique localized loading characterized by pure steering wheel rim impact that mainly affected the sternum and the rib cartilage while minimizing rib deformation. The organ strains indicate some risk of rupture where the spleen deforms the most at rib levels 3-4 and 6-7, and the liver and the aorta at rib levels 6-7 and 7-8. This study provides a framework for complementing H3 with THUMS for HGV occupant safety with emphasis on the importance of using local injury criteria for functional injury prediction, i.e. prediction of injury risk using parameters directly related to rib fracture or organ rupture. Local injury criteria are thus a powerful safety assessment tool as it is independent on exterior loading such as airbag, steering wheel hub, or seat belt loading. It was noticed that global injury criteria with very localized impacts such as rim impacts have not been studied and will affect rib fracture risk differently than what has been studied using airbag or seat belt restraints. However, improvements are needed to accurately predict thoracic injury risk at a material level by finding more data for the local injury risk functions. Conclusively, it is clear that Hybrid III has insufficient instrumentation and is in need of upgrades to register chest deflections at multiple rib levels. Furthermore, the following are needed: better understanding of global injury criteria specific for HGV occupant safety evaluation, more data for age-dependent (ribs) and rate-dependent (organs) injury risk functions, a tiebreak contact with tangential sliding for better organ kinematics during impacts, and improving the biofidelity of the material models using data from tissue level experiments. / Förarmiljön i lastbilar gentemot personbilar är annorlunda, i detta kontext med avseende på främst ratt- och förarposition som ökar risken för islag med rattkransen för lastbilsförare. Sådana islag är relativt outforskat jämfört med passiv säkerhet för personbilar inom skadebiomekaniken. Tanken bakom användning av humanmodeller är att komplettera nuvarande krockdockor med biomekanisk information. Dessutom är biofideliteten hos en krockdocka vid rattislag relativt okänt, speciellt vid olika revbensnivåer. Därför är målet med detta examensarbete att undersöka thoraxresponsen hos en lastbilsförare genom att använda THUMS v4.0 och Hybrid III (H3) under rattislag med avseende på revbensnivåer (nivå 1-2, 3-4, 6-7, 7-8, och 9-10) och revben, aorta, lever, och mjälte. Enligt författaren verkar användning av lokala riskfunktioner för thoraxskador relativt ostuderat jämfört med den övervägande användningen av globala riskfunktioner som huvudsakligen förutser den mest vanligt förekommande thoraxskadan, nämligen revbensfrakturer. Därför har lokala riskfunktioner skapats för revben och organ, baserat på experimentell data. Uppmätta parametrar var bröstinträngning och kontaktkraft mellan ratt och thorax på global nivå, medan första Green-Lagrange huvudtöjningen användes för att evaluera skaderisken för revben och organ. Materialmodeller för lever och mjälte ommodellerades baserat på experimentell spänning-töjningsdata med Ogdens materialmodell för att ta hänsyn till hyperelasticitet. Töjningshastighetsberoendet inkluderades genom att iterera fram viskoelastiska parametrar. Kontaktmodellering av organ gjordes genom att ändra från glidande kontakt till en låsande kontakt för att minimera orealistisk kontaktseparation under islagsfallen. Resultaten stödjer tidigare studier där H3 visat sig behöva ytterligare givare för att noggrannt kunna registrera bröstinträngning vid olika revbensnivåer bortom dess nuvarande räckvidd, nämligen vid revben 1-2, 7-8, och 9-10. Uppmätt bröstinträngning i THUMS var rimliga för hastighetsfallen men gav inte någon definitiv risk för skada. Faktum är att de globala riskfunktionerna kan överskatta AIS3 risken vid revben 1-2, 7-8, och 9-10. Revbenstöjningarna kunde inte korreleras med bröstinträngningarna. Detta kunde förklaras genom de unika lastfallen som karakteriseras av rena rattislag som främst påverkar sternum och revbensbrosk som i sin tur minimerar deformation av revben. Organtöjningarna indikerar på någon risk för ruptur där mjälten deformerar som mest vid revben 3-4 och 6-7, medan för både levern och aortan sker det vid revben 6-7 och 7-8. Denna studie presenterar ett sätt att komplettera H3 med THUMS inom passiv säkerhet för lastbilsförare med fokus på lokala riskfunktioner för funktionell skadeprediktering dvs. prediktering av skaderisken med hjälp av parametrar som är direkt relaterat till revbensfraktur eller organruptur. Lokala riskfunktioner utgör en kraftfull säkerhetsbedömning som är oberoende av externa lastfall som t.ex. airbag, rattcentrum, eller bälteslast. I denna studie noterades det att de globala riskkriterierna inte har undersökts med väldigt lokala islag som rattislagen utgör och kommer därför att påverka risken för revbensfraktur annorlunda gentemot vad som har studerat, t.ex. airbag eller bältelast. Däremot behövs det mer data för de lokala riskkriterierna för att kunna prediktera thoraxskaderisken med ökad noggrannhet. Avslutningsvis, det är tydligt att Hybrid III har otillräckligt med givare och behöver förbättras för att kunna registrera bröstinträngning vid flera revbensnivåer. Vidare behövs följande: bättre förståelse för globala riskfunktioner anpassat inom passiv säkerhet för lastbilsförare, mer data för åldersberoende (revben) och töjningshastighetsberoende (organ) riskfunktioner, en ”tiebreak” kontakt med tangientiell glidning för bättre organkinematik, och ökad biofidelitet av materialmodeller genom att använda data från vävnadsexperiment.

Résumé : L’Ordre des infirmières et infirmiers du Québec (OIIQ) a créé en 2011 une spécialisation pour les infirmières en PCI qui doivent maintenant suivre une formation de 2e cycle pour l’obtention de leur titre d’infirmière clinicienne spécialisée en PCI. Au sein de cette formation figure un cours de microbiologie et infectiologie (MI) qui vise à parfaire les connaissances et l’expertise en la matière. Jusqu’à présent, aucune étude n’avait été réalisée pour évaluer l’influence de ce cours sur le savoir infirmier des infirmières en PCI. Cette étude vise à décrire l’évolution du savoir infirmier des infirmières en PCI qui participent au cours de MI du programme de 2e cycle en PCI. Un devis qualitatif descriptif a été utilisé au cours de cette étude pour décrire l’évolution du savoir infirmier. Le modèle de réflexion structurée (MRS) de Johns (1995) a servi à l’élaboration d’entrevues semi-dirigées individuelles avant et après le cours de MI, afin de permettre l’identification du savoir infirmier selon un processus déductif. La méthode de codification de Miles et Huberman (2003) a ensuite favorisé un processus semi-inductif. Une analyse horizontale a finalement permis de repérer les récurrences ou les changements dans le savoir infirmier entre les entrevues de chaque participante ainsi qu’entre les participantes elles-mêmes. Des manifestations des dimensions du savoir infirmier telles que définies par Johns et influencées par Carper (1978) sont décrites, ainsi que l’évolution du savoir infirmier suite à la participation au cours de MI. Les thèmes qui ont découlé des entrevues sont : le développement d’un vocabulaire favorisant la communication dans l’équipe, la capacité d’aller au-delà des protocoles, une meilleure confiance en leurs capacités et l’élargissement d’une vision éthique qui comprend tous les acteurs de la communauté. Les retombées de l’étude se retrouvent au plan de la formation par la mise en valeur de la perspective infirmière dans le cours de MI et par l’évolution du savoir infirmier après avoir suivi ce cours. Sur le plan de la recherche, cette étude présente une nouvelle approche, pour de futures recherches, permettant d’évaluer la contribution d’un cours universitaire. / Abstract : As the Ordre des infirmières et infirmiers du Québec (OIIQ) has created in 2011 a specialty, making it possible for nurses to develop their expertise in infection prevention and control (IPC). In order to become an IPC clinical nurse specialist, nurses must fulfil a graduate program, which includes a course in microbiology and infectious diseases (MID), among others. Until now, there has been no study evaluating the influence of this training or course on patterns of knowing in nursing for IPC nurses. The goal of this study was to determine the evolution of the patterns of knowing in nursing for IPC nurses who have completed an MID course as part of a graduate program in IPC. A qualitative descriptive evaluation made it possible to determine the evolution of the patterns of knowing. Johns’ model (1995) for structured reflection (MSR) which was used in semi-structured, individual interviews before and after an MID course, helped identify patterns of knowing through a deductive process. Furthermore, Miles and Huberman’s (2003) codification method ensured a semi-inductive process. A horizontal analysis allowed for the detection of recurrence or change in patterns of knowing between each participant’s interviews, as well as between participants. The illustration of the scope of the patterns of knowing in nursing, as defined by Johns and influenced by Carper (1978), as well as the evolution of the patterns of knowing after completing an MID course, were described. The topics that surfaced during the interviews were: the development of a vocabulary fostering team communication, the capacity to go beyond protocols, a greater confidence in their abilities, and the expansion of an ethical view that includes all stakeholders in the community. The benefits of the study are at the level of training and research. Training is represented by the development of nursing perspective in the MID courses and the development of nursing knowledge after completing a course in MID. Finally, towards the research, this has put forward a new approach to assess the contribution of a university course.

This thesis addresses a needed shift of paradigm for mission and evangelism within the Southern Baptist Convention. The current model lacks appropriate contextualization in a postmodern world. The proposition of the thesis is that a kingdom model for mission and evangelism is more appropriate for Southern Baptists' commitment to mission. The methodology of this thesis was researching primary and secondary sources, interviews with persons currently involved within the mission of Southern Baptists, evaluation of empirical data, and testing of concepts. In Chapter One, the validity of this thesis is presented with the proposition, the limitations, the purpose, the practical nature, and the modus operandi of the thesis stated. Chapter Two explores the problems of evangelism within the mission of Southern Baptists today. Focus is on empirical statistical evidence and the failure of assumptions, methods, and models currently in practice. Chapter Three examines the birth of the mission and evangelism mandate of Southern Baptists and the subsequent development of a monolithic structure unchanged to the present day. Chapter Four traces the evolution of evangelistic witness within the early church and explores the cultural dynamics of the period. / Christian Spirituality, Church History & Missiology / D. Th. (Missiology)

In today’s world healthcare all over the world is profoundly challenged by rapid technological advancements, violence, terrorism, diverse cultures, proliferating chronic diseases, and the worst nursing shortage. In addition to these complex and daunting challenges healthcare continue to focus the attention on hospitals to review and modify the way care is delivered to patients. As key role players and consistent members of the multidisciplinary team critical care nurses are uniquely positioned to modify and review the quality of patient care through synergy between the patients’ needs, the nurses’ competencies, and the critical care environment. A collaborative approach towards enhancing synergy in a CCU was undertaken in a CCU in a private hospital in Gauteng. The study was guided by the American Association for Critical Care Nurses Synergy Model for Patient Care and conducted within the critical social theory paradigm. The nature of the research was descriptive, explorative and contextual and both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used. Action research cycles were followed to assess existing synergy between the patients’ needs, the nurses’ competencies and the characteristics of the environment in the CCU. An action plan was formulated and implemented towards enhancing synergy in the CCU. The implemented plan was adjusted based on observations and reflections following each of the five cycles of the project / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)