Compare diagram 1: ‘n Paradigmaverandering van teorie na praktyk en van gemeente na gesin en gemeenskap” and diagram 2: “Die siklus van geloofsbemiddeling”. The family is the most important building system in the church, the society and the whole world. The family is also the cradle and even the womb of the symbolic way in religious education. Almost all families stay in a community where interactions of faith take place. Teenagers leave the church because there are not enough exciting activities in the community to be part of a transformation process for a better life. For that reason the paradigm in this research emphasises an event-driven teenage and family ministry within the community. That means a ministry that accentuates processes, people and relations. Faith development cannot find a place outside the relationship of human beings. Relationship is the password to understanding and the most natural form of relationship is the family. The covenantal family is the most important building system in the church, the society and the whole world. To develop a model for teenage and family ministry for this purpose, the research will emphasise practicing more than theorising, although the dialogue between these two factors in practical theology is of utmost importance. Better relationships within the family, congregation and the community needs better communication. For that reason symbols and rituals are a necessary part of the whole process of teenage and family ministry which is community-directed. God acts within the lives of individuals and groups, but planned the family as the most important unit for interaction. No religion can be without a God and no religion can be without people. All people are born into one or another kind of family and have a God-given need to be part of a group even when ostracised by families or the society. The community of faith never lives in a vacuum - it is always in the midst of cultural reality which is a powerful influence. The faith of this community is embedded in the context of symbols, rituals and narratives. To be busy with practical theology, with this paradigm in mind, needs a threefold exegesis: an exegesis of the Bible, an exegesis of the culture, and an exegesis of the self and the community. Strengthening the inner life of churches and their relation to their immediate communities should be the first priority of the leaders of churches. Churches have a covenant responsibility to help people develop and sustain strong and healthy families. / Dissertation (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2004. / Practical Theology / unrestricted

The immense changes in the economic environment caused by globalization and technology have forced organizations from around the world to transform in order to adapt, survive, and succeed in the changing world of the new millennium. These changes are not only in the external elements of the organization – its products, activities, or structures – but also in its intrinsic way of operating – its values, mind-set, even its primary purpose. Organizations must learn faster and adapt to the rapid change in the new environment or they will not survive (De Vries, 2001; Ellis&Pennington, 2004). According to Senge (1990b), learning organizations demand a new view of leadership. In a learning organization, leaders are designers, stewards, and teachers. They are responsible for the building of organizations where employees continually expand their capabilities to understand complexity, clarify vision, and improve shared mental models – that is, the leaders are responsible for learning. Leaders in learning organizations must help employees see the big picture, with its underlying trends, forces, and potential surprises. They need to think systematically and be able to foresee how internal and external factors might benefit or destroy the organization (Senge 1990b). Autocratic leadership behaviour, focused on exercising top-down control is more successful in stable environments. Transformational leadership behaviour focused on giving inspiration through the marshalling of ideas, creativity, and the initiative of its employees, is more successful in competitive, changing environments (Cockerill, Schroder&Hunt, 1998). The focus of this research has been on the measurement of leadership behaviour as part of the implementation of a holistic model and process in an organization that has to function in a competitive, changing environment. A 360° leadership assessment questionnaire has been used to conduct the research. A set of fifteen transformational leadership competencies have been identified by the organization where the research was conducted as the leadership competencies that will enable the organizations’ leaders to be effective, successful leaders in a dynamic, changing and competitive business environment. Based on the identified set of leadership competencies, a 360° Leadership Assessment Questionnaire (LAQ) was developed and validated. The LAQ was used to measure leadership behaviour in the organization under research annually over a period of three years as part of the implementation of a holistic model and process for leadership development. The objectives of this research were the following: <ul><li>To measure leadership behaviour by means of a 360° leadership assessment questionnaire as part of the implementation of a holistic model for leadership development;</li> <li>To track the overall changes in leadership behaviour over a period of three years in order to determine if the implementation of a holistic model and process had a positive impact on leadership behaviour over a extended period of time;</li> <li>To analyse and describe the trends and patterns in leadership behaviour based on the results of the 360° leadership assessment questionnaire conducted over a period of three years;</li> <li>To describe the elements and implementation of a holistic model and process for leadership development.</li></ul> The quantitative statistical analysis of the 360° leadership assessment data indicated statistically significant differences in nine of the fifteen transformational leadership competencies that were measured in the 360° Leadership Assessment Questionnaire. All the ratings showing statistically significant differences were identified, interpreted and discussed. The following trends and patterns were identified, based on the statistical analysis of the research data: <ul> <li>Top Management (M2-3) received consistently higher ratings than the other management levels;</li> <li>Middle Managers (M5-6) received significantly lower ratings than the other management levels in terms of integrity, purpose building, information capacity, conceptual ability, business acumen and empowering;</li> <li>Female leaders received significantly lower ratings than male leaders in terms of information capacity, people development and empowering. Although females were rated higher than their male counterparts by their supervisors, all the other rater groups rated female leaders lower than male leaders on these competencies;</li> <li>Leaders in the age group 25-40 years received the highest ratings on business acumen and visionary thinking;</li> <li>Leaders in the age group 41 – 50 years were rated the highest by all the rater groups on conceptual ability;</li> <li>African (Black) leaders were rated significantly higher on visionary thinking in years 1, 2 and 3 than leaders from other race groups.</li></ul> The company overall results indicated an improvement in most of the competencies, except for integrity and self-responsibility which stayed the same. Motivational capacity is the only competency where there has been an improvement in year 2 and a decline in year 3. The competencies on which leaders received the lowest ratings are motivational capacity, people development, visionary thinking and empowerment. The overall trend on the overall 360° leadership assessment results over a period of three years clearly indicates an improvement in all the competencies, except for motivational capacity, integrity and self-responsibility. These trends and patterns were utilised to determine what type of development interventions and programmes are needed in the organization to facilitate leadership development in the context of the Holistic Model for Leadership Development. The improvement in the overall 360° leadership assessment results also indicates the implementation of a holistic model and process for leadership development has led to an improvement of the overall leadership capability of the organization where the research was conducted. / Thesis (PhD (Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Psychology / unrestricted

[pt] Recentemente, os nanocristais semicondutores, também conhecidos como pontos quânticos, tornaram-se muito atrativos em abordagens de detecção por fotoluminescência devido as suas propriedades ópticas peculiares, tais como fluorescência intensa e com perfil estreito, comprimento de onda máximo ajustável através do controle do tamanho das partículas e maior fotoestabilidade em comparação com os corantes orgânicos convencionais. As nanopartículas sintetizadas foram avaliadas como sondas fotoluminescentes (na forma de dispersão aquosa) para a determinação de captopril, histamina, canamicina e tiroxina (analitos não fotoluminescentes na temperatura ambiente) evitando o uso de procedimentos complexos de derivatização química e permitindo quantificações de forma simples e com sensibilidade. Nanopartículas de CdTe modificadas com o ácido tioglicólico (TGA) e com o ácido 2-mercaptopropiônico (2MPA) e também nanopartículas de ZnS modificadas com L-cisteína foram sintetizadas pela abordagem em fase aquosa coloidal. Estas foram caracterizadas usando métodos microscópicos e espectroscópicos adequados. A fotoluminescência da nanopartícula 2MPA-CdTe foi consideravelmente mais intensa quando na presença de captropil. Sob condições ótimas, o modelo de calibração (isoterma de ligação de Langmuir) foi linear até 4,8 x 10-4 mol L-1 com constante de equilíbrio de ligação de 3,2 x 104 L mol-1 e limite de detecção (LOD) de 6,2 x 10-6 mol L-1 (1,3 (micro)g mL-1). Aplicações em soro sanguíneo humano fortificado com captropil e em formulações farmacêuticas foram demonstradas. A fotoluminescência das nanopartículas de TGA-CdTe foi reduzida (supressão) após adição de diferentes concentrações de histamina seguindo o modelo de Stern- Volmer. A resposta linear cobriu uma faixa de concentração até 5,7 x 10-4 mol L-1, com LOD de 9,6 x 10-6 mol L-1 (1,1 (micro)g mL-1). A abordagem proposta foi utilizada para determinação de histamina em carne de atum. Já a presença de aminoglicosídeos aumentou a fluorescência das nanopartículas de TGA-CdTe (seguindo o modelo da isoterma da adsorção de Langmuir). A kanamicina foi o aminoglicosídeo escolhido para estudar o efeito do aumento da intensidade da fotoluminescência das nanopartículas de TGA-CdTe disperso em solução aquosa. A faixa linear estendeu-se até 8,2 x 10-7 mol L-1 com LOD de 2,5 x 10-8 mol L-1 (14,2 ng mL-1). As constantes de ligação entre diversos aminoglicosídeos e TGACdTe foram calculadas e indicou que existe uma relação entre o número de grupos amino primários disponíveis e o aumento da luminescência. Essa abordagem foi aplicada com sucesso para a análise de amostras de leite e água de riacho, ambos fortificados com kanamicina, usando procedimento de extração em fase sólida com um polímero impresso molecularmente (MIP). A intensidade da fotoluminescência da nanopartícula cisteína-ZnS em solução contendo brometo de cetiltrimetilamônio (CTAB) foi reduzida (quenched) após adição de tiroxina. A redução total do sinal (quenching) seguiu o modelo de Stern-Volmer com resposta linear até 4,0 x 10-6 mol L-1 de concentração do analito, o LOD foi 6,2 x 10-8 mol L-1 (48,3 ng mL-1). A dispersão aquosa da cisteína-ZnS foi usada como sonda óptica para a determinação de tiroxina em formulações farmacêuticas e em saliva humana fortificada com analito. / [en] Recently, semiconductor nanocrystals, also known as quantum dots, have become very attractive for photoluminescence based sensing approaches due to their unique optical properties like intense photoluminescence with narrow profile, maximum wavelength adjustable by the control of particle size and higher photostability in comparison of conventional organic dyes. Different synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated as photoluminescent probes (as aqueous dispersions) for the determination of captopril, histamine, kanamycin and thyroxine (nonphotoluminescent analytes at room-temperature) avoiding the use of complex chemical derivatization procedures and enabling simple and sensitive quantifications. Thioglycolic acid (TGA) and 2-mercapoprionic acid (2MPA) modified CdTe nanoparticles and L-cysteine modified ZnS nanoparticles were synthesized via the colloid aqueous phase route. Their characterization was made using proper microscopic and spectroscopic methods. The emission intensity of 2MPA-Cdte is greatly enhanced in the presence of captopril. Under optimum conditions, the calibration model (Langmuir binding isotherm) was linear up to 4.8 x 10-4 mol L-1 with equilibrium binding constant of 3.2 x 104 L mol-1 and limit of detection (LOD) of 6.2 x 10-6 mol L-1 (1.3 (micro)g mL-1). Applications in captopril fortified human serum and in pharmaceutical formulations were demonstrated. The photoluminescence of TGA-CdTe nanoparticles was quenched by histamine in a concentration dependent manner (Stern-Volmer model). The linear response covered the concentration range up to 5.7 x 10-4 mol L-1 with LOD of 9.6 x 10-6 mol L-1 (1.1 (micro)g mL-1). The proposed method was used for the analysis of tuna fish. The presence of aminoglycosides enhanced the photoluminescence of the TGA-CdTe nanoparticles (following a Langmuir binding isotherm model). Kanamycin was used as a model aminoglycoside in order to study its effect on the photoluminescence enhancement of TGA-CdTe quantum dots dispersed in aqueous solution. The linear range extended up to 8.2 x 10-7 mol L-1 with LOD of 2.5 x 10-8 mol L-1 (14.2 ng mL-1). Binding constants were calculated for several aminoglycosides indicating that there is a relationship between the number of available primary amino groups and the increasing in photoluminescence. This approach was successfully applied for determination of kanamycin fortified milk and in stream water samples after solid phase extraction using a molecular imprinted polymer produced using a kanamycin template. The photoluminescence intensity of cysteine-ZnS in solution containing cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) was quenched by thyroxine. The overall quenching followed a Stern-Volmer model with linear response coveing an analyte concentration range up to 4.0 x 10-6 mol L-1. LOD was 6.2 x 10-8 mol L-1 (48.3 ng mL-1). The aqueous dispersion of cysteine-ZnS was used as optical probe for the determination of thyroxine in pharmaceutical formulations and in analyte fortified human saliva.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur lärare i årskurs 4-6 genomför litteraturundervisning i ämnet svenska för att främja elevers läslust och läsmotivation. Syftet fördjupas vidare i vilka metoder lärare använder när de arbetar med läsning i klassrummet, vad lärare anser kan påverka elevers läslust och läsmotivation, samt deras egen inställning till läsning och om den kan ha inverkan på hur de i sin undervisning lyckas intressera elever för läsning. För att ta reda på detta användes metoden kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer. Jag intervjuade fyra lärare som arbetar i årskurs 4-6, på två olika skolor i Sverige. Vid genomförandet hade jag en intervjuguide till min hjälp och intervjuerna spelades in. Resultatet visar att alla fyra lärare ser svårigheter med att motivera eleverna att läsa och att främja deras läslust. Högläsning är den metod de alla använder sig mycket av, för att de tycker att det kan väcka ett intresse hos eleven. Bokval, lässvårigheter och hemmet är några faktorer som de tror kan påverka elevers läslust. Gällande lärarnas egen inställning till läsning är svaren varierande, men alla tror att de kan använda sitt eget eventuella läsintresse för att i sin undervisning intressera eleven för läsning. / The purpose of this study is to examine how teachers who work in grades 4-6 organize their teaching of literature to encourage pupils’ enjoyment of reading and their motivation to read. More specifically, the study looks at what methods teachers use to teach reading; how teachers feel they can encourage pupils’ reading enjoyment and motivation to read; and teachers’ own attitude to reading and if it can have an impact on how they manage to interest pupils in reading. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with four teachers in grades 4-6 at two schools in Sweden. All interviews were conducted with the same list of questions and sound recordings were made. The results show that all four teachers experience difficulties in motivating their pupils to read and in promoting reading enjoyment. They all relied to a great extent on reading aloud as a method. In their experience, pupils developed an interest in reading through reading aloud. Other factors affecting pupils’ reading enjoyment were: choice of book; reading difficulties; and their home environment. The teachers varied in their own attitudes to reading but they each thinks that they could rely on their own interest in reading to give an interest in reading to their pupils.

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The Swedish law requires a set of noise limit for residential buildings for health and safety. Conventionally, the Nordic Prediction Method (NMT) is used to predict the noise. However Nord2000 and CNOSSOS is going to be introduced to replace NMT. An investigation was made to determine which is more accurate in predicting railway noises, particularly reflected railway noises due to the uncharacteristic result in preliminary test. Compromises were made to recreate the measured scenarios in SoundPLAN 8.1. CNOSSOS features an alternative source model requiring new data on the trains and tracks and therefore unable to be compared. The conversion between NMT and Nord2000 was not successful due to the poor documentation of the method. An equivalent value in octave band was used instead. The result were not conclusive as no correlation was found. This might be partly due to the lacking of source model data in the form of track roughness. Result in reflected sound was not conclusive as well since 2 of 3 cases favour Nord2000 and the remaining one favours NMT. The uncertainty introduced in using of the standards and measurements were also rather large, which is also one of the factor in non correlating results. / Svensk lag kräver en viss uppsättning bullergränser gällande boende i bostadshus för deras hälsa och säkerhet. Konventionellt används den nordiska beräkningsmodellen för tågbuller (NMT) för att förutsäga bullret. Nord2000 och CNOSSOS kommer dock att införas för att ersätta NMT. En undersökning gjordes för att avgöra vilken eller vilka modeller som är mest exakta för att kunna förutsäga järnvägsljud, i synnerhet reflekterade järnvägsljud på grund av tidigare osäkerhet i resultatet i det preliminära testet. Kompromisser gjordes för att återskapa de uppmätta scenarierna i SoundPLAN 8.1. CNOSSOS erbjuder en alternativ modellering men kräver ny data från både tåg och räls och omöjliggjorde därför att kunna jämföras. Konverteringen mellan NMT och Nord2000 lyckades inte på grund av den bristfälliga dokumentationen av metoden. Ett ekvivalent värde i oktavband användes istället. Resultatet var inte definitivt eftersom ingen korrelation upptäcktes. Detta kan delvis bero på bristande källmodelldata i form av spårgrovhet. Resultatet av reflekterat ljud var inte heller definitivt eftersom 2 av 3 fall förespråkar Nord2000 och det återstående förespråkar NMT. Osäkerheten som implementeras vid användning av standarder och mätningar är också av betydande storlek, vilket också är en av faktorerna som härleder korrelerande resultat.

Whether it is offering services, delivering solutions or driving innovations, team work has been a hallmark of efficiency and effectiveness in various industries. The healthcare industry is not left out as its service delivery process involves numerous interfaces, information flows and patient hand-offs among professionals with different educational training, differing knowledge levels and possibly working from different locations as well. As healthcare delivery evolves to being more patient-centered, so does the team settings as well, becoming more collaborative. Such changes also translate into a need for support systems to evolve to be able to provide support for the extent of collaboration that would be needed. A framework is needed to guide in the development of such systems. However, due to the varying needs of patients, team types and make-up would generally differ, so we explored the different types of team settings studying what they entail based on their various degrees of collaboration. We therefore present in this thesis a model of team based concepts, an ontology formalizing the model, team based scenarios designed using the ontology and then application of the scenarios to test the ability of BPMN (Business Process Modeling Notation) to model healthcare teams.

Whether it is offering services, delivering solutions or driving innovations, team work has been a hallmark of efficiency and effectiveness in various industries. The healthcare industry is not left out as its service delivery process involves numerous interfaces, information flows and patient hand-offs among professionals with different educational training, differing knowledge levels and possibly working from different locations as well. As healthcare delivery evolves to being more patient-centered, so does the team settings as well, becoming more collaborative. Such changes also translate into a need for support systems to evolve to be able to provide support for the extent of collaboration that would be needed. A framework is needed to guide in the development of such systems. However, due to the varying needs of patients, team types and make-up would generally differ, so we explored the different types of team settings studying what they entail based on their various degrees of collaboration. We therefore present in this thesis a model of team based concepts, an ontology formalizing the model, team based scenarios designed using the ontology and then application of the scenarios to test the ability of BPMN (Business Process Modeling Notation) to model healthcare teams.