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In this paper I use the Distributional Morphology framework and semantic Locality Constraints proposed by Arad (2003) to look at category assignments of blends in Modern Hebrew, as well as blends, compounds and idioms in English where relevant. Bat-El (1996) provides an explicit phonological analysis of Modern Hebrew blends, and argues against any morphological process at play in blend formation. I argue, however, that blends and compounds must be accounted for within morphology due to category assignments. I first demonstrate that blends are unquestionably formed by blending fully inflected words rather than roots, and then subsequently reject an analysis that accounts for weakened Locality Constraints by proposing the formation of a new root. Instead, I propose a hypothesis of Idiomatic Root Merge where a root can be an n-place predicate that selects at least an XP sister and a category head. This proposal also entails that there is a structural difference between two surface-similar phrases that have respectively literal and idiomatic meanings.

Among a rich variety of studies in second language acquisition research, relatively few have investigated the role of textbooks for language teachers and learners, in spite of their nearly universal importance in language classrooms (Kramsch, 1988; Plews & Schmenk, 2013). This three-article dissertation examines this issue for the context of Hebrew as a less commonly taught language (LCTL), through considering the goals and identities of four types of teachers (Native, Ethnic Heritage Language [HL], Linguistic HL, and Foreign Language [FL]teachers)and three types of learners (Ethnic HL, Linguistic HL, and FL learners). In order to explore these diverse goals and identities, this research included a mixed-methods approach in three stages: (a) a nationally distributed survey that included 18 teachers and 36 students in first- and second-year Hebrew courses; (b) a case study involving surveys, observations, and select interviews with 65 students and 5 teachers at two universities in the US; and (c) an analysis of the content related to goals and identity within five commonly used Modern Hebrew textbooks. Due to this unique context and research focus, these instruments are partially homegrown and partially adapted from past related studies (e.g. Allen, 2008; Burns Al Masaeed, 2014; Ducar, 2006). The first article of this dissertation consisted of a general analysis of these Hebrew textbooks, the second article focused on portrayals of pronunciation within Hebrew textbook pronunciation guides and explanations, and the third article on multimedia that accompanies Hebrew textbooks. Each of these textbook areas was compared to the goals and identities of the Hebrew teachers and students involved in the study. Findings included a general consensus that Modern Hebrew textbooks were lacking in many ways as far as meeting these goals and identities, although diversity in motivations and backgrounds led to a range of responses. Results also present several implications to improve the contexts of Hebrew, LCTLs, and language teaching in general.

In binyan hitpa'el, the reflexive and reciprocal verbal conjugation in Modern Hebrew, the /t/ of the /hit-/ prefix categorically metathesizes with a following sibilant (/s/, /z/, /∫/, or /t⁀s/), giving forms like [histakel] instead of expected forms like *[hitsakel]. It has been theorized that this metathesis may be perceptual, serving to place the /-t-/ in prevocalic position where it can be better perceived by listeners, the direction of metathesis being the more common sibilant + stop sequence in Modern Hebrew (Hume 2004), or that it may be auditory, based on a tendency for the sibilant noise to decouple from the rest of the speech stream, resulting in listener confusion about the place of the sibilant within the word (Blevins & Garrett 2004). Based on data from a speech perception experiment using English speakers, who listened to masked stimuli similar to hitpa'el verbs, I argue that Blevins & Garrett (2004)'s account is correct, with English speaking listeners evincing a tendency to misperceive stop + sibilant sequences as sibilant + stop sequences, despite the higher frequency of stop + sibilant sequences in English.

Most researchers in second language acquisition (SLA) concur that understanding motivation is vital to promoting success and both short and long-term interest among L2 learners (Gass & Selinker, 2001). Hebrew has become an endangered language in the U.S. (Spolsky, 2009), as partly attested by a decrease in Hebrew language enrollments at U.S. universities (Furman, Goldberg, & Lusin, 2009). With this decline, an analysis is needed to investigate the diverse motivations of U.S. university students who enroll in Modern Hebrew (Feuer, 2009; Kaufman, 2010). This report examines research on this topic from both Hebrew-specific studies and general SLA research, through a discussion of motivation, heritage language learners, and Hebrew learners. Relevant issues and implications are considered in light of five areas of discussion that are common to the Hebrew teaching field. / text

La présente thèse cherche à étudier l’histoire de la réception et de la présence de Charles Baudelaire dans l'univers poétique de l'hébreu moderne, à travers l'influence de son œuvre sur la création poétique en hébreu comme à travers les traductions hébraïques de sa poésie. Cette dernière partie inclut une analyse comparative approfondie de différentes traductions de la poésie de Baudelaire parues en hébreu au courant du XXe siècle.À travers cette approche nous cherchons à voir dans quelle mesure il existe des corrélations entre la traduction et la réception poétique de Baudelaire d'une part, et l'évolution particulièrement rapide du langage poétique de l'hébreu moderne d'autre part.Dans toutes les générations de la poésie de l’hébreu moderne, des auteurs majeurs ont traduit Baudelaire. Ce grand intérêt pour sa poésie s'explique, entre autres raisons, par le motif suivant : traduire Baudelaire en hébreu constitue un projet singulier de par le statut unique de son œuvre qui est à la fois la pierre angulaire de la Modernité poétique en général, et le point de départ de la poésie hébraïque moderne en particulier.La poésie hébraïque moderne peut être comparée à un arbre sans tronc ; ses racines, les textes de l'hébreu classique, sont profondes et séculaires. Sa cime, la nouvelle création poétique des 120 dernières années, est fraîche et verdoyante. Mais s'il tient debout, c'est grâce à ses branches qui sont suspendues sur les riches ramifications de ses voisins – les corpus poétiques étrangers qui ont toujours alimenté ce jeune corpus. Traduire Baudelaire en hébreu moderne, c'est – symboliquement – contribuer à greffer, rétroactivement, un tronc sur cet arbre. / This thesis examines the history of the reception and of the immanence of Charles Baudelaire in Modern Hebrew poetry through the influence of his work on original poetic work in Hebrew and through the translations of his poems into Hebrew. As part of the latter, a detailed comparative analysis is offered of some of Baudelaire’s poems translated into Hebrew and published through the 20th century.In examining these questions we wish to examine the extent to which one may trace a correlation between, on the one hand, the translation and reception of Baudelaire’s poetry and, on the other hand, the exceptionally rapid evolution of Modern Hebrew poetic language.In every generation of Modern Hebrew poetry, Baudelaire was translated by major authors. This significant interest in his poetry can be attributed, among other reasons, to the constructive role that such translation plays in Hebrew. For, in the Hebrew context, Baudelaire's poetry has a unique role: he is both a keystone of Modern poetry in general and the starting point of Modern Hebrew poetry in particular.Modern Hebrew poetry can be compared to a tree without a trunk: Its roots – the classical Hebrew texts – are ancient and deep. Its crown – the New Hebrew creation of the last 120 years – is fresh and green. But what keeps it standing are its branches that lean on the rich offshoots of its neighbours in the forest: the foreign poetic corpora which have always nourished this young literature, born modern. Translating Baudelaire into Modern Hebrew implies, symbolically, a contribution to the retrospective grafting of a trunk to the tree.

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