The master thesis project has been executed with the cooperation of Borlänge Energi, with the aim of reducing the high electric energy dependency which Moldova has on Ukraine, Transnistria and Russia. The project examines what reduction that would be possible by wind power installations on the existing electrical grid of Moldova. The installations should not surpass the capacity of the transmission lines or the voltage levels according to regulation. The southern regions of Moldova proved to have the best wind conditions and the locations of Besarabeasca, Zarnesti, Leovo, Ciadyr and Cimislia in the southern region were chosen for wind power installations. For the analysis a model over the Moldovan electrical system is constructed. Each of the five chosen locations is modelled with a generator symbolizing the wind power installation. The power flow software PSS/E is used to construct the model. To examine possible wind power installations different scenarios are created. The scenarios are executed with the southern regions 110 kV system as a focus area. All scenarios are analysed with a contingency analysis, where transmission lines in the focus region are tripped. The contingency analysis and the scenarios are automated using the programming language Python. An economic analysis shows payback periods for wind power investments in Moldova, the analysis also shows the sensitivity of the electricity price and discount rates. The project concludes that wind power installations are possible with the Moldovan electric grid as it looks today. The installations would result in reducing the high dependency of imported electrical energy.

This thesis aims to explore the Transdniestr conflict in Moldova by examining the involvements of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) and the Russian Federation in their attempts at finding a working solution to this conflict. The thesis focuses on the reasons for the emergence of the Transdniestr conflict, the initiatives for the settlement of this conflict, and the causes, as of today, why the conflicting parties and the mediators have not been successful in reaching a working settlement. Contrary to the line of thinking on this conflict which suggests that the conflict has its roots in domestic factors in Moldova and Transdniestr such as ethnicity, socio-economic underdevelopment and the weakness of democratic institutions, this thesis argues that the primary reason behind the persistence of this conflict is international. It is the radically different definitions of the conflict by the OSCE and the Russian Federation that makes the conflict very difficult to solve. Russia tends to value the Transdniestr region as a geostrategic tool for maintaining its influence over post-Soviet Moldova and its neighbourhood. Since the involvement of the OSCE in this conflict limits Russia&rsquo / s capacity to use the Transdniestr region as a geostrategic tool, it becomes extremely difficult to alter the status quo that contributes to the existing impasse rather than to its opening of new avenues for the peaceful settlement of this conflict.

No description available.

This dissertation examines the case of Moldova, where two ethnic nationalisms (Moldovan and Romanian) have battled over the content of national identity over the last two decades. Historically, the land on which Moldova lies was caught in a tug-of-war between Russia (later Soviet Union) and Romania. Sharing the same ethnic traits with Romania, Romanian nationalism emerged early in Moldova, only to be later deconstructed by the Soviets through deportations and executions of Romanian nationalists, and eventually reconstructed as a "Moldavian" identity. This dissertation has two goals. First, through archival and historical research it traces the process of formation of ethnic identity and the emergence of two conflicting nationalisms in Moldova. Second, it investigates the role of public education in ethno-national identity formation through interviews and a survey of Moldovan students. I hypothesize that because self-identified Romanians control the school curricula, the younger generation is more likely to identify as Romanian than the rest of the population - whose connection with school is more distant. To test this thesis, I conducted an original survey of students from seven schools. In contrast to the primordialist theory of nationalism, these findings indicate a relatively fluid national identity. However, the case of Moldovan nationalism also contradicts the instrumentalist school of thought, which over-emphasizes the socio-economic interests of nationalist agents and fails to take into account the cultural motivations of nationalism. Moldovan story indicates that at the fore-front of Romanian nationalist movement were the relatively well-off intellectuals and not the rural and urban working people as the accounts of Cash and Crowther indicate. Lastly, the structuralist (materialist) school fails to acknowledge the power of ideas and the effect they have on historical events. While material means like print media, capital markets, and urbanization facilitated the diffusion of these ideas, they did not create them. As the case of Moldova illustrates, the emergence of nationalism cannot be explained without an understanding of the motivations of the agents involved.

Mon choix s'est porté sur l’activité de ces écrivains qui, de par leur contribution majeure sur le plan littéraire, mais aussi civique, se sont impliqués dans la vie politique et sociale en Moldavie a la fin du siècle dernier. Ce questionnement qui nous interpelle et qui fera la matière de la préoccupation centrale de notre sujet : être écrivain en Moldavie, implique-t-il un engagement quelconque ? Quant a l'engagement, relève-t-il d'une culture, d'une psychologie, d'une mentalité d'un peuple ? / My choice fell upon the movement of these writers who, from their major contribution, on the literary map as well as civic, got involved in Moldova's political and social life at the end of the last century. This questioning which interpellates us shall constitute the core matter of the main concern of our subject: being a writer in Moldova really does imply some involvement? As regards involvement: does it stem from a nation's culture, psychology or state of mind?

La thèse de doctorat avec le titre “Potentiel, valorisation et perspectives de développement de l’œnotourisme en Moldavie occidentale” a comme but l’identification, l’évaluation et l’utilisation des ressources œnotouristique de la Moldavie en prenant comme exemple le modèle français alsacien d’exploiter cette forme de tourisme. La thèse est divisée en 5 chapitres, premièrement on a fait une analyse générale de tout ce que signifie l’œnotourisme et ses modèles de développement dans les Etats de nouveau monde et de l’ancien monde. Ensuite, on a présenté la place de la Moldavie dans le contexte nationale concernant la viticulture et le tourisme pour argumenter le choix de choisir cette région. La Moldavie représente la région avec la plus grande surface viticole du pays. Le troisième chapitre est la plus importante partie de la thèse contenant la comparaison entre deux régions, l’Alsace et la Moldavie pour voir l’état de développement de la Moldavie par rapport à l’Alsace. La Moldavie doit adopter ce modèle car il y a la preuve que c’est un modèle de succès. Les derniers chapitres sont axés sur les questionnaires appliqués auprès les touristes et les viticulteurs de toutes les deux régions pour mettre en évidence leurs opinions concernant le développement de l’œnotourisme. / The doctoral thesis with the title "Potential, valorisation and development prospects of wine tourism in western Moldova" has as aim the identification, evaluation and use of the wine tourism Moldova resources by taking as an example the Alsatian model to exploit this form of tourism. The thesis is divided into five chapters, first made a general discussion of everything means wine tourism and its models of development in the states of New World and Old World. Then it is presented the place of Moldova in the national context concerning viticulture and tourism to argue the choice to choose this region. Moldova is the region with the largest wine area of the country. The third chapter is the most important part of the thesis containing the comparison between the two regions, Alsace and Moldova to see the state of development of Moldova and Alsace. Moldova must adopt this model because there is evidence that it is a model of success. The last chapters are focused on the questionnaires applied to tourists and winemakers of the two regions to highlight their views on the development of wine tourism.

The aim of this work is to evaluate the Czech development aid given to developing countries. I have solved the selected problem by research of publications about development projects and about the aid to developing countries, in general. Thanks to the research, I found out that some of the development aid is deficient. The results of this work can help to determine the revision of the priority countries.

Die Republik Moldova, ein Anrainerstaat der EU, gilt als ärmstes Land Europas. Trotz vieler gesellschaftlicher Umbrüche und wirtschaftlicher Errungenschaften steht vor allem der Gesundheitssektor immer noch vor großen strukturellen Problemen. Um die Entwicklung im Bereich Rheumatologie zu unterstützen wurde 2011 das Projekt „Curriculare Modernisierung und bessere Versorgung von Rheumapatienten in der Republik Moldau“ ins Leben gerufen. Ein zentraler Punkt ist dabei die Implementierung einer einheitlichen Kerndokumentation für rheumatische Erkrankungen, wie sie als Vorbild schon seit vielen Jahren in Deutschland besteht. Bisher war noch wenig über die genaue Situation der Rheumaerkrankten in Moldova bekannt. Die Auswertung der Datenerhebungen aus dem Jahr 2012 und 2013 soll daher erste Erkenntnisse hinsichtlich der Versorgungssituation der Patienten liefern. Es wurden die Daten von insgesamt 842 Patienten erhoben. Dabei wurden sowohl von den Patienten selbst, als auch von den betreuenden Ärzten vor Ort Fragebögen ausgefüllt. Die Formulare lehnen sich an die deutschen Exemplare der Kerndokumentation an. Neben der körperlichen Untersuchung und Anamneseerhebung wurden auch laborchemische Parameter bestimmt. Es nahmen zwei großen Kliniken sowie neun niedergelassene Rheumatologen am Programm teil. Ausgewertet wurden neben Krankheitshäufigkeiten und demografischen Daten aller Erfassten, vor allem die Krankheitsaktivität, Therapielatenz, medikamentöse Therapie und Lebensqualität der an folgenden Erkrankungen leidenden Patienten: Rheumatoider Arthritis Spondylitis ankylosans Arthritis psoriatica Gicht Systemische Sklerose Systemischer Lupus erythematodes In der Auswertung fallen im Gegensatz zu Deutschland vor allem sehr hohe Krankheitsaktivitäten bei allen betrachten Gruppen auf. Das Therapieziel der Remission oder niedrigen Krankheitsaktivität wird kaum erreicht. Dabei werden die Patienten oftmals nicht leitliniengerecht behandelt. Eine wesentliche Ursache ist dabei die fehlende Möglichkeit der Therapieeskalation mittels Biologika, welche in den Jahren 2012 und 2013 in Moldova gar nicht verfügbar waren. Ein weiteres Problem ist der eingeschränkte Zugang zu Rheumatologen. Zum einen mangelt es im Land an Fachärzten, zum anderen bestehen infrastrukturelle Schwierigkeiten, die eine Vorstellung beim Arzt erschweren. Damit verzögert sich die Therapie oder sie kann nicht rechtzeitig angepasst werden. Die hohen Krankheitsaktivitäten, wie auch die meist lange Therapielatenz führen zu deutlichen Einschränkungen der Lebensqualität. Ursächlich sind dabei vor allem chronische Schmerzen und funktionelle Einschränkungen durch Gelenkdestruktionen. Für ältere Patienten führt dies vor allem zu einem Versorgungsproblem, unter jüngeren Betroffenen sinkt die Arbeitskraft und die Teilhabe am Berufsleben. Mithilfe der Untersuchung konnten erhebliche Probleme und Defizite bei der Versorgung der Erkrankten identifiziert werden. Auf Grund der erhobenen Daten können zukünftig Lösungsstrategien zur Verbesserung der Versorgungssituation erarbeitet werden.

This thesis analyses the interception of the social change in the social science and politically expert literature from a historical perspective of the post-soviet development of the Republic of Moldova. The first chapter introduces the main hypotheses and the research design of the master thesis. The following chapter offers the development of the concept social change in a larger context of the classical and new theories. The aim of the thesis is to find out theories of social change in the Moldovan literature between after 1991. The results of a content analysis will be presented in the third chapter. Finally, the last section of the thesis focuses on suggestions for the further development of this analysis.

The Bîc River in the Republic of Moldova is a heavily polluted water body. Along the river stretch, from a small creek in Sipoteni close to the river mouth at Gura Bîcului, sediment samples were taken using a very cost-effective method and analyzed for a number of pollutants. The results showed very high levels of petroleum products in and downstream of the city of Chişinău, situated in the middle of the river basin, ex-ceeding even the guideline value for cleanup of industrial land. Concentrations of heavy metals were detected at all sample points, exceeding the Lowest Effect Level (LEL) in 37 out of 48 samples and the Probable Effect Level (PEL) in four of them. High concentrations of nutrients (N and P) were detected, especially outside of the city, where concentrations exceeded even the Severe Effect Level (SEL) for both N and P at one site. DDT concentrations were highest at the beginning of the river, the concentrations becoming lower and lower when getting closer to the river mouth. At three of the six sampling sites, DDT concentrations exceeded the LEL. PCB levels were lower than the LEL. This was attributed to unsuitable handling of the samples before analysis and therefore the PCB concentration levels requires further investiga-tion. The continued monitoring of the sediments is of great need, therefore a proposal for a monitoring program was written. It was estimated that Bîc contributes 118000 tons of suspended particles to Dniester each year, almost 60 % more per km2 than Dniester contributes to the Black Sea.