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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
81

Desenvolvimento de cápsula gelatinosa mole de ß-Lapachona para terapias antineoplásticas em humanos

Maria Cavalcante Alves, Geisiane January 2004 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T16:31:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo6051_1.pdf: 2108655 bytes, checksum: fef8a838f5b768e1f5a96c001928fe95 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / A -Lapachona (C15H14O3, MM 242,3), conhecida quimicamente por (3,4-dihidro-2,2-dimetil-2H-naftol[1,2-b]pirano-5,6-diona), é uma ortonaftoquinona de ocorrência natural isolada do ipê roxo ou pau d arco roxo (Tabebuia avellandae Lor), da família Bignoneaceae. Pesquisas recentes têm demonstrado seu excelente potencial antineoplásico, atuando por um mecanismo particular de apoptose contra diversos tipos de câncer humano, em especial neoplasias de ciclo celular muito lento como é o caso de algumas linhagens de próstata refratárias aos tratamentos convencionais. O desenvolvimento de uma forma farmacêutica que produza uma melhor disponibilidade do fármaco para a realização de ensaios clínicos em humanos e a comprovação da eficácia da -Lapachona em terapias antineoplásicas consiste em um passo de grande interesse para a oncologia clínica. Este estudo propôs o desenvolvimento da forma farmacêutica cápsula gelatinosa mole à base de -Lapachona, seguindo procedimentos e normas preconizadas pelas Boas Práticas de Fabricação e Controle, a partir de uma planificação qualitativa e quantitativa de excipientes, visando sua incorporação em protocolos de tratamentos quimioterápicos. A etapa inicial foi à caracterização físico-química e farmacotécnica do princípio ativo onde ficou comprovada a importância de se obter uma matéria-prima com alto grau de pureza, sem a presença de seu isômero -Lapachona. Neste trabalho foi desenvolvida e validada uma metodologia analítica por CLAE (coluna C18, fase móvel acetonitrila:ácido acético 0,25% (1:1), fluxo de 2mL/min, detector a  254nm), seguindo os parâmetros descritos na Resolução 899 da ANVISA, que permite quantificar a matéria-prima e o produto acabado, além de impurezas e produtos de degradação. Estudos de estabilidade do princípio ativo demonstraram que a -Lapachona sofre degradação física em presença de luz fluorescente. Lotes em escala semi-industrial estão sendo realizados para a otimização da formulação desenvolvida de cápsula mole e estabilidade do produto frente a diferentes constituintes de invólucros. Na seqüência será realizada a transposição para escala industrial
82

Análise das propriedades geotécnicas do solo mole do Cluster / Suape-PE

FREIRE, Filipe Carnib 16 December 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Alice Araujo (alice.caraujo@ufpe.br) on 2018-05-02T19:29:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO Filipe Carnib Freire.pdf: 9961605 bytes, checksum: 2bbe0f68972b63cf9e17261d083ff4ea (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-02T19:29:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO Filipe Carnib Freire.pdf: 9961605 bytes, checksum: 2bbe0f68972b63cf9e17261d083ff4ea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-16 / O Complexo Industrial do Porto de Suape planeja concentrar as atividades da indústria naval em uma mesma área denominada Cluster Naval de Suape. Devido às características do subsolo formadas por aluviões muito moles houve a necessidade de investir em uma vasta campanha de investigação geotécnica para dá subsídio às elaborações dos projetos. O trabalho contemplou seis ilhas de investigações contendo em cada uma, vertical de ensaio de palheta, sondagem a percussão e coleta de amostras indeformadas do tipo Shelby para a realização dos ensaios de caracterização, compressibilidade e adensamento realizados em laboratório. De posse dos resultados obtidos foram interpretados os parâmetros de caracterização e traçados perfis geotécnicos para avaliar a variabilidade e definir as camadas de cada perfil. As amostragens coletadas foram avaliadas à qualidade através dos critérios propostos por Lune.et.al (1997) e Coutinho (2007), sendo corrigidas as consideradas de má qualidade, por meio dos métodos de Schmertmann(1955), Oliveira (2002) e Coutinho (2007). Através dos resultados corrigidos, foram construídos perfis com parâmetros (σ´v0, σ´vm, OCR, e0,Cc, Cs e CR) em função da profundidade. Apresentando valores de razão de compressão variando entre 0,3 a 0,58. O parâmetro de resistência não drenada (Su) determinado através do ensaio de palheta de campo, apresentou nas camadas superficiais valores entre 5 a 10 kPa, já na camada mais profunda, a resistência atingiu valores superiores a 30 kPa. Também foram avaliadas as correlações entre os parâmetros de compressibilidade Cc, Cs em função de e0 e wn(%), assim comparados os resultados com as equações propostas por Coutinho et.al. (1998.a) para as argilas de Recife, e Coutinho e Bello (2014) para as argilas de Suape. As correlações mostraram que o índice de compressão Cc se comportou mais próximo dos valores obtidos para Recife, com resultados superiores a Suape/PE estudada por Coutinho e Bello (2014). Já o índice de expansão Cs se aproximou com os valores obtidos para Suape/PE. / The industrial complex of Suape plans to concentrate the marine industrial activities in the same area, called Cluster Naval de Suape. Due to the characteristics of the subsoil formed by very soft alluvium, there was a need to invest in a vast geotechnical research campaign to support the elaboration of the projects. This project covered six contour of research containing in each one percussion and sample collection Shelby type to carrying out the characterization tests, compressibility and densification performed in laboratory. Based on the results, the characterization parameters were interpreted and Geotechnical profiles were made for evaluate evaluate the variability and define the layers of each profile. The collected samples were evaluated to the quality through the proposed criteria of Lune.et.al (1997) and Coutinho (2007). Samples considered of poor quality have been corrected, by methods of Schmertmann (1995), Oliveira (2002) e Coutinho (2007). Through the corrected results, profiles were constructed with parameters (o'v0, o'vm, OCR, e0,Cc, Cs e CR) as a function of depth. Compression ratio values have been presented ranging from 0,3 to 0,58. The resistance parameter not drained (Su) determined by the field vane test presented in the surface layers values from 5 to 10 kPa, while in the deeper layers, the resistance reached values higher than 30 kPa. The correlations between the compressibility parameters Cc, Cs as a function of e0 and wn(%), thus comparing the results with the equations proposed by Coutinho et.al. (1998.a) to the clays of Recife, and Coutinho and Bello (2014) to the clays of Suape. Correlations showed that the compression index Cc behaved closer to the values obtained in Recife, with higher results than Suape/PE studied by Coutinho and Bello (2004). Otherwise the expansion index Cs got close from values obtained for Suape/PE.
83

Seleção de progênies de alface para resistência a doenças e caracteres morfoagronômicos

LIMA, Taciana Leite de Andrade 03 March 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2017-10-04T12:04:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Taciana Leite de Andrade Lima.pdf: 1345501 bytes, checksum: 38545e8e8813a2a04cfee25756e206ac (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-04T12:04:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Taciana Leite de Andrade Lima.pdf: 1345501 bytes, checksum: 38545e8e8813a2a04cfee25756e206ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-03 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is the most important leafy vegetable economically for Brazil, being one of the most consumed in salads and with great popular acceptance. Due to its short cycle, areas planted with lettuce are usually submitted to successive crops, favoring the occurrence of soil pathogens such as Meloidogyne spp. and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, which promote large losses in the field. The lettuce breeding for multiple characteristics economically makes possible the crops of this vegetable in the edaphoclimatic conditions of the Brazilian Northeast, by providing cultivars with resistance to diseases and adapted to the crops in tropical regions. In this sense, the objective of this work was to obtain butterleaf lettuce progenies resistant to soft rot, with tolerance to early bolting and with commercially desirable morphoagronomic characteristics. The lettuce breeding program started with the hybridization between the Vitória de Santo Antão cultivar, resistant to soft rot, and the Beta lineage, resistant to root-knot disease, and the advancement of generations to obtain F2 progenies. Five experiments were then carried out with parental and cultivares Grand Rapids, Regina 71 and Tainá used as control: Experiment 1 - in greenhouse, 608 F2 plants were inoculated with Pcc-23 isolate of P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and with M. incognita race 1. Selected for resistance to soft rot by evaluating the symptoms of the disease with scale from 1 to 9 and preselected for resistance to root-knot disease by evaluating the galls in the lettuce roots visible still with substrate with scale from 1 to 5. The plants with scores up to three in the two evaluations were selected and obtained the F2:3 progenies; Experiment 2 - in greenhouse, ten F2:3 progenies were grown in trays of expanded polystyrene - EPS under blocks at random with three replicates and eight plants per plot. The plants were inoculated with Pcc-23 isolate of P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and evaluated for resistance to soft rot; Experiment 3 - in field at UFRPE, six F2:3 progenies were arranged under blocks at random with three replicates and eight plants per plot. The progenies were selected for tolerance to early bolting, by number of days from sowing until the first anthesis of the plant, and were obtained F2:4 progenies; Experiment 4 - In greenhouse, 50 F2:4 progenies were crop in EPS trays under blocks at random with four replicates and sixteen plants per plot, inoculated with Pcc-23 isolate of P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and evaluated for resistance to soft rot; Experiment 5 - in field at IPA-Vitória de Santo Antão, 50 F2:4 progenies were arranged under blocks at random with four replicates and sixteen plants per plot and the following morphoagronomic characteristics were evaluated: plant diameter, planta height, fresh mass of the plant, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, border type, leaf leaflet, leaf color and leaf brightness, and colorimetric analysis on the leaf. In the experiment 1, 333 progenies with scores up to 3 were selected for both diseases, of which 92.5% were died and 16 progenies produced F2:3 seeds. Among the F2:3 progenies evaluated in experiment 2, progenies 023; 075; 172; 202; 568 and 610 were moderately resistant to soft rot. In experiment 3, the progeny 202 showed transgressive performance and was tolerant to early bolting. Among the 50 F2:4 progenies evaluated in experiment 4, 27 progenies were moderately resistant to soft rot and the progeny 023-27 obtained the lowest mean (2.12). And in experiment 5, the progeny 202-11 presented morphoagronomic characteristics of interest for the lettuce breeding program, obtaining the highest averages for most of the characteristics. It was identified a negative genotypic correlation of leaf width with number of leaf (-0.90) at 1% probability and with fresh mass of the plant (-0.59) at 5% probability. These two characteristics, of great importance for being directly related to lettuce production, obtained good genetic gains with value of 12.09% for number of leaf and 13.44% for fresh mass of the plant. By evaluation the most important commercially morphoagronomic characteristics, progenies F2:4 172-12; 202-11; 172-08; 202-42; 023-02; 202-37 and 202-30 were indicated for selection. / A alface (Lactuca sativa L.) é a hortaliça folhosa mais importante economicamente para o Brasil, sendo uma das mais consumidas em saladas e com grande aceitação popular. Devido ao seu ciclo curto, as áreas plantadas com alface são normalmente submetidas a cultivos sucessivos, favorecendo a ocorrência de patógenos de solo como Meloidogyne spp. e Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, que promovem grandes perdas no campo. O melhoramento genético da alface para múltiplas características viabiliza economicamente o cultivo desta hortaliça nas condições edafoclimáticas do Nordeste brasileiro, ao disponibilizar cultivares com resistência a doenças e adaptadas ao cultivo em regiões tropicais. Neste sentido, o objetivo com este trabalho foi obter progênies de alface de folha lisa resistentes à podridão mole, com tolerância ao pendoamento precoce e com características morfoagronômicas desejáveis à comercialização. O programa de melhoramento da alface iniciou com a hibridação entre a cultivar Vitória de Santo Antão, resistente à podridão mole, e a linhagem Beta, resistente à meloidoginose, e o avanço das gerações para obtenção das progênies F2. Em seguida foram implantados cinco experimentos utilizando os parentais e as cultivares Grand Rapids, Regina 71 e Tainá como testemunhas: Experimento 1 – em casa de vegetação, 608 plantas F2 foram inoculadas com o isolado Pcc-23 de P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum e com M. incognita raça 1, e selecionadas contra podridão mole, através da avaliação dos sintomas da doença com escala de notas variando de 1 a 9, e pré-selecionadas contra meloidoginose através da avaliação das galhas nas raízes visíveis no torrão, com escala de notas variando de 1 a 5. As plantas com notas até três nas duas avaliações foram selecionadas e conduzidas para obtenção das progênies F2:3; Experimento 2 – em casa de vegetação, dez progênies F2:3 foram cultivadas em bandejas de poliestireno expandido – EPS sob delineamento em blocos casualisados com três repetições e oito plantas por parcela. As plantas foram inoculadas com o isolado Pcc-23 de P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum e avaliadas quanto a resistência à podridão mole; Experimento 3 – em campo na UFRPE, seis progênies F2:3 foram dispostas sob delineamento em blocos casualisados com três repetições e oito plantas por parcela. As progênies foram selecionadas quanto a tolerância ao pendoamento precoce, através da avaliação do número de dias da semeadura até a primeira antese da planta, e conduzidas para obtenção de progênies F2:4; Experimento 4 – em casa de vegetação, 50 progênies F2:4 foram cultivadas em bandejas de EPS sob delineamento em blocos casualisados com quatro repetições e 16 plantas por parcela, inoculadas com o isolado Pcc-23 de P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum e avaliadas quanto a resistência à podridão mole; Experimento 5 – em campo no IPA-Vitória de Santo Antão, 50 progênies F2:4 foram dispostas sob delineamento em blocos casualisados com quatro repetições e 16 plantas por parcela e avaliadas as seguintes características morfoagronômicas: diâmetro, altura e massa fresca da planta, número de folhas, comprimento e largura da folha, tipo de borda, embolhamento, cor e brilho da folha, e realizada a análise colorimétrica na folha. No experimento 1 foram selecionadas 333 progênies com notas até 3, para ambas as doenças, das quais 92,5% senesceram e 16 progênies produziram sementes F2:3. Entre as progênies F2:3 avaliadas no experimento 2, as progênies 023; 075; 172; 202; 568 e 610 foram moderadamente resistentes à podridão mole e, no experimento 3, a progênie 202 apresentou desempenho transgressivo e foi tolerante ao pendoamento precoce. Dentre as 50 progênies F2:4 avaliadas, no experimento 4, 27 progênies foram moderadamente resistentes à podridão mole e a progênie 023-27 obteve a menor média (2,12). E, no experimento 5, a progênie 202-11 apresentou características morfoagronômicas de interesse para o programa de melhoramento de alface, obtendo as maiores médias para a maioria das características. Também foi possível identificar correlação genotípica negativa da largura da folha com o número de folhas (-0,90) a 1% de probabilidade e com a massa fresca da planta (-0,59) a 5% de probabilidade. Essas duas características, de grande importância por serem diretamente relacionadas com a produção de alface, obtiveram bons ganhos genéticos com valore de 12,09% para número de folhas e 13,44% para massa fresca da planta. Através da análise das características morfoagronômicas mais importantes comercialmente, as progênies F2:4 172-12; 202-11; 172-08; 202-42; 023-02; 202-37 e 202-30 foram indicadas para seleção.
84

Rôle de l’EG-VEGF (Endocrine Gland Derived-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) dans le développement et la progression tumorale placentaire : cas du choriocarcinome / Role of EG-VEGF (Endocrine Gland-Derived Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) in placental tumor development and progression : case of choriocarcinoma

Traboulsi, Wael 12 December 2016 (has links)
Le choriocarcinome est une tumeur trophoblastique hautement maligne qui se développe souvent suite à des grossesses molaires dénommées moles hydatiformes (MH). La progression d’une MH vers un choriocarcinome reste à ce jour non caractérisée. L’implication de facteurs angiogéniques dans ce processus a été proposée. Nous avons étudié le rôle d'un nouveau facteur angiogénique spécifique du placenta, l’EG-VEGF (Endocrine Gland-Derived Endothelial Growth Factor) dans la pathogenèse du choriocarcinome. EG-VEGF agit via deux récepteurs (RCPG), PROKR-1 et PROKR-2. Trois approches ont été utilisées pour vérifier cette hypothèse. Une approche clinique, utilisant des échantillons placentaires et des sera collectés chez des patientes MH (n = 38) et avec choriocarcinome (n = 3) et chez des femmes normales (n = 18), tous prélevés au cours du premier trimestre de la grossesse. Une approche in vitro, utilisant les cellules JEG3, lignée humaine de cellules de choriocarcinome et des cellules trophoblastiques normales du premier trimestre (CTN). Une approche in vivo qui a visé à développer un modèle animal du choriocarcinome qui a servi à l’étude de la progression du choriocarcinome. Les niveaux circulants d’EG-VEGF étaient significativement plus élevés dans les MH et le choriocarcinome comparés aux niveaux chez les patientes normales. Au niveau placentaire, à la fois les niveaux d’expression de l’EG-VEGF et ses récepteurs ont été augmentés. Dans les cellules JEG3, EG-VEGF augmente i) l'expression de PROKR-1 et PROKR-2, ii). La migration, l'invasion, la prolifération et la formation de sphéroïdes dans des systèmes de culture 2 et 3D. Ces effets étaient significativement diminués en présence des antagonistes des deux récepteurs, iii) la phosphorylation de diverses protéines impliquées dans la progression tumorale, ainsi que la sécrétion de MMP-2 et MMP-9. Le modèle de choriocarcinome a été développé par injection de cellules JEG3 en orthotopie dans le placenta de la souris SCID (brevet en cours). En 12 jours, les souris gestantes injectées ont développés un choriocarcinome qui a métastasé dans différents organes. L'injection des antagonistes des récepteurs de l’EG-VEGF réduit significativement le développement et la progression de la tumeur. Par ailleurs, nous avons caractérisé le mécanisme par lequel EG-VEGF contribuerait à la progression tumorale. Ce mécanisme implique le clivage de la protéine de la jonction endothéliale, la VE-Cadhérine, suite à sa phosphorylation sur tyrosine 685 par l’EG-VEGF. Au total, mon projet de thèse i) démontre l’implication directe de l’EG-VEGF dans le développement et la progression du choriocarcinome ii) élucide le mécanisme de cette progression et iii) propose une piste thérapeutique via l’antagonisation de ses récepteurs. / Choriocarcinoma is a highly malignant trophoblastic tumor that often develop from molar pregnancies also called hydatidiform mole (HM). Nevertheless, HM progression towards choriocarcinoma remains uncharacterized. Involvement of angiogenic factors in this process is proposed. Here, we investigated the role of a new placental angiogenic factor, EG-VEGF (Endocrine Gland-Derived Endothelial Growth Factor) in choricarcinoma pathogenesis. EG-VEGF acts via two GPCR receptors PROKR-1 and PROKR-2. Three approaches were used to verify this hypothesis. A clinical approach using sera and placental samples collected from HM (n=38) and Choriocarcinoma patients (n=3) and from normal pregnant women (n=18); all collected during the first trimester of pregnancy. An In vitro approach using JEG3 cells, a human choriocarcinoma cell line and normal first trimester trophoblast cells (NTC). An in vivo approach that aimed at developing an animal model of choriocarcinoma in which therapeutic agents have been tested. Circulating EG-VEGF levels were significantly higher in HM and choriocarcinoma compared to normal patients. Placental EG-VEGF, PROKR1 and PROKR2 expression exhibited the same pattern. In JEG3 cells, EG-VEGF increased i) the expression of PROKR-1 and PROKR-2, ii). Their migration, proliferation invasion and spheroid formation using both 2 and 3D culture systems. These effects were abolished using PROKR1 and PROKR2 antagonists, iii) phosphorylation of different proteins involved in tumor progression as well as secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Choriocarcinoma model has been developed by injection of JEG3 cells orthotopically within the placenta of SCID mice (Patent in progress). Within 12 days, injected gravid mice developed a choricarcinoma that metastasis in multiple organs. Importantly, injection of EG-VEGF receptors antagonists significantly reduced tumor development and its progression. Also, we have characterized the mechanism by which EG-VEGF contributes to tumor progression. This mechanism involves the cleavage of the key junctional protein, the VE-cadherin, following its phosphorylation at the tyrosine 685, by EG-VEGF. In total my thesis project i) demonstrated the direct involvement of the EG-VEGF in the development and progression of choriocarcinoma ii) elucidated the mechanism of this progression and iii) proposes a potential therapeutic for choriocarcinoma through the antagonisation of its receptors.
85

[en] EVALUATION OF STABILITY CONDITIONS OF THE JARDIM GRAMACHO LANDFILL / [pt] AVALIAÇÃO DE CONDIÇÕES DE ESTABILIDADE DO ATERRO METROPOLITANO DE JARDIM GRAMACHO

IVAN JOSE BENITES HIPOLITO 04 October 2011 (has links)
[pt] O Aterro Metropolitano de Jardim Gramacho (AMG) é o local que recebe desde 1976 os resíduos sólidos gerados pelas atividades domésticas, além das comerciais e industriais da área metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. Atualmente no AMG vem se desenvolvendo projetos de aterramento até o ano 2012, portanto, a estabilidade dos taludes do maciço cresce em importância e a presente dissertação está dirigida a compreender aspectos da análise de estabilidade do AMG. Nesse sentido, faz-se ênfase no comportamento da resistência dos materiais, fundamentalmente da fundação que é uma argila muito mole. Na área do AMG tem campanhas de ensaios do campo durante vários anos e em quantidade menor os ensaios laboratoriais. Neste trabalho são feitas atividades como a coleta e interpretação das sondagens desde 1992 até a campanha do ano 2009, esta informação é introduzida numa modelagem estratigráfica tridimensional, deles são gerados perfis bidimensionais para as análises de estabilidade, Outra atividade é interpretar informação do campo, ensaios de laboratório da campanha 2009 e realizar ensaios complementares na argila do local (compressão triaxial drenada e não drenada, cisalhamento direto e adensamento com medição do creep). A totalidade da informação é discutida obtendo correlações da resistência não drenada em base da teoria do estado critico. Os parâmetros geotécnicos do lixo são obtidos através das referências na literatura e retro-análises de taludes movimentados no local. Finalmente se avalia a estabilidade do AMG pelos métodos de equilíbrio limite e tensão deformação em termos de tensões totais e efetivas até chegar às geometrias finais projetadas. / [en] The Metropolitan Landfill Jardim Gramacho (AMG) is the site since 1976 that receives solid waste generated by domestic activities, also of commercial and industrial metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro. Currently in AMG is developing projects ground to the year 2012, so the stability of slopes of the massive gains in importance and this dissertation is aimed at understanding aspects of the stability analysis of the AMG. Thus, it is an emphasis on the behavior of resistance of materials, primarily from a foundation that is very soft clay. In the area of AMG has field test in explorations for several years and fewer laboratory tests. This work made activities such as collection and interpretation of surveys from 1992 to the exploration of 2009, this information is entered into a three-dimensional stratigraphic modeling, their profiles are generated for the two-dimensional stability analysis, Another activity is to interpret information from field trials Campaign 2009 laboratory and perform additional tests on the clay site (triaxial drained and undrained, direct shear and consolidation with measurement of creep). The totality of the information obtained is discussed correlations of resistance undrained in the base of critical state theory. The geotechnical parameters of garbage are obtained through the references in the literature and analysis of retro-crowded slopes at the site. Finally it assesses the stability of the AMG methods of limit equilibrium and stress-strain curves in terms of total stresses and effective to reach the final designed geometry.
86

Tamanho do véu e profundidade da nasofaringe em indivíduos com disfunção velofaríngea / Velar lenght and depth of the nasopharynx in individuals with velopharyngeal dysfunction

Marcela Maria Alves da Silva 21 September 2009 (has links)
Os objetivos do presente estudo foram: 1) mensurar e descrever as medidas de extensão e espessura do véu palatino e da profundidade da nasofaringe em indivíduos com fissura transforame unilateral operada (FTU) que apresentavam disfunção velofaríngea (DVF); 2) calcular e descrever a razão entre a profundidade da nasofaringe e a extensão do véu palatino; 3) comparar as medidas encontradas para os indivíduos deste estudo com as normas descritas por SUBTELNY (1957); 4) comparar as medidas encontradas entre os sexos masculino e feminino; 5) comparar as medidas encontradas para os indivíduos que receberam palatoplastia com procedimento de Furlow (FW) com as medidas daqueles que receberam procedimento de Von Langenbeck (VL); 6) correlacionar as medidas encontradas com as idades dos indivíduos. A casuística foi constituída de 30 indivíduos com FTU e DVF, sendo 15 meninas e 15 meninos, com média de idade de 6 anos e 11 meses. Desses 30, 10 tiveram o palato operado pela técnica de FW e 20 pela de VL, entre as idades de 9 e 18 meses. Para definição da conduta para correção da DVF, todos os indivíduos foram submetidos ao exame de videofluoroscopia. Uma imagem em tomada lateral do MVF em repouso fisiológico foi selecionada e editada em um DVD para análise e mensuração das estruturas velofaríngeas de interesse. Três fonoaudiólogas experientes em videofluoroscopia realizaram as mensurações. Os resultados indicaram média de 27,4 mm para as medidas de extensão do véu palatino, de 9,7 mm para as de espessura do véu palatino, de 22,7 mm para as de profundidade da nasofaringe e de 0,86 para a razão entre a profundidade da nasofaringe e a extensão do véu palatino. Comparando os resultados do presente estudo com os de Subtelny (1957) diferença significante foi encontrada para as medidas da espessura do véu palatino, da profundidade da nasofaringe e da razão entre a profundidade da nasofaringe e a extensão do véu palatino. Os resultados também demonstraram diferença significante entre a média das medidas de extensão do véu palatino nos sexos masculino e feminino. Não houve diferença significante entre a média das medidas das estruturas avaliadas para os indivíduos operados pela técnica de FW nem pelos operados pela VL. Não houve correlação significante entre a variável idade e as medidas obtidas. / The objectives of the present study were: 1) to measure and to describe length and thickness of the velum and depth of nasopharynx for individuals with unilateral operated cleft lip and palate (UCLP) with velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD); 2) to calculate and describe the depth of nasopharynx to velar length ratio (D/L); 3) to compare measures found for the individuals in this study with the norms described by Subtelny (1957) for normal individuals; 4) to compare the measures between males and females; 5) to compare the measures between individuals who received palatoplasty with the Furlow (FW) procedure to those who received the Von Langenbeck (VL) procedure; 6) correlate measures between different ages. The sample included 30 individuals with UCLP and VPD, 15 girls and 15 boys, with mean age of 6y11m. Ten individuals had palatoplasty with FW procedure and 20 with VL, between the ages of 9 and 18 months. For identifying best procedure for correcting VPD all individuals were submitted to videofluoroscopy assessment. A lateral view of the velopharyngeal mechanism during rest was selected and edited into a DVD, for analysis and measurement of the velopharyngeal structures of interest. Three speech-language pathologists experienced in videofluoroscopic assessment obtained all measures studied. The results revealed a mean velar length of 27.4 mm; mean velar thickness of 9.7 mm; mean depth of nasopharynx of 22.7 mm; D/L of 0.86. Comparing these results to Subtelny\'s (1957) a significant difference was found for measures of velar thickness, depth of nasopharynx velar length and D/L. Significant difference was found between males and females only for velar length. No significant differences were found between different techniques for palatoplasty. There was no significant correlation between age and the measurements obtained.
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Compósitos biodegradáveis de resíduos de madeira - PVA modificado por anidrido ftálico / Biodegradable composites from waste wood-poly (vinyl alcohol) modified by phthalic anhydride

Salete Kiyoka Ozaki 02 April 2004 (has links)
Os polímeros sintéticos compõem cerca de 20% do lixo urbano no Brasil. Além da não biodegradabilidade, formam uma camada impermeabilizante que impede a passagem de líquidos e gases originados no apodrecimento dos detritos, retardando a estabilização da matéria orgânica. A exploração da madeira produz uma grande quantidade de rejeitos que não são inteiramente aproveitados para gerar energia ou outros produtos, e acarreta sérios problemas ambientais. A finalidade deste trabalho é a produção de compósitos biodegradáveis reunindo rejeitos de madeira e um polímero biodegradável - o poli (álcool vinílico) [PVA]. Para facilitar a degradação do PVA, este foi modificado por anidrido ftálico (AF). A modificação foi estudada através de tempo de gelatinização, calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC) e análise termomecânica dinãmica (DMTA). Resíduos da madeira Sugi (Criptomeria japonica) foram refinados até a obtenção de uma farinha com partículas menores que 63 µ m. Esta farinha foi adicionada ao meio de reação AF/PVA. As proporções de AF e PVA, bem como os parâmetros utilizados na prensagem foram determinados segundo um planejamento estatístico fatorial. Os compósitos foram moldados a quente (180 C e 50 MPa). Variando-se a proporção AF/PVA, compósitos com valores de módulo de elasticidade (MOE) de ˜10 GPa e módulo de ruptura (MOR) de ˜90 MPa na flexão foram obtidos. Os valores são inferiores aos apresentados pelo polímero puro, seco e sem plasticizante (acima de 152 MPa), porém superiores às placas de madeira reconstituída de MDF e OSB, disponíveis comercialmente, que apresentam valores de MOR em torno de 49 MPa. A degradação por microorganismos foi avaliada pelo ensaio de soterramento utilizando uma adaptação do método para avaliar a resistência de materiais lignocelulósicos aos fungos da podridão mole (Publicação IPT No. 1157 D5). Os fungos da podridão mole que ocorreram naturalmente nos compósitos foram isolados e identificados segundo a técnica do microcultivo. O gênero mais frequente foi o celulolítico Trichoderma spp. e o mais degradador foi o Chaetomium spp. As mudanças na estrutura e na morfologia dos compósitos foram estudadas através de espectroscopia de infravermelho (IR) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). As perdas de massa e das propriedades mecânicas foram monitoradas em intervalos pré-estabelecidos. Compósitos com altas concentrações de AF apresentaram biodegradabilidades superiores à da madeira maciça de Pinus sp. e levemente inferiores à da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis, utilizadas como referências. A biodegradabilidade se deve à facilidade dos grupos ésteres, dos ftalatos de PVA e de celulose, de serem hidrolizados e de regenerar o ácido ftálico. Mesmo sob hidrólise enzimática, a estrutura PVA-AF-celulose, que forma ligações cruzadas entre microfibrilas de celulose, não se desintegra, conservando as propriedades mecânicas por muito tempo. Estas se mantêm superiores, ao término de 180 dias de exposição, às da madeira maciça de Sugi antes de entrar no processo de biodegradação. Uma correlação entre a estrutura, as propriedades físicas e mecânicas, e a taxa de biodegradação dos compósitos de rejeitos de madeira-PVA foi estabelecida. / Synthetic polymers constitute around 20% of urban solid waste in Brazil. Besides being non-biodegradable, they form an impermeable barrier that prevents the liberation of liquids and gas originated in the waste deterioration, retarding organic matter stabilization. The wood industry produces large amounts of waste wood which is not entirely utilized to produce energy or other products, and it brings several environmental problems. The aim of this study is the production of an environmentally friendly wood-based product composed of waste wood and poly (vinyl alcohol) [PVA]. PVA is the most widely produced water soluble and biodegradable synthetic polymer worldwide. However, PVA degradation in aqueous and soil environments has proved to be quite slow under unadapted conditions. To accelerate its degradation, the PVA has been modified by phthalic anhydride (AF). These modifications have been studied by means of gelation time, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and (Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA). Sugi (Criptomeria japonica) flour (particles size ‹ 63 µm) has been obtained by milling waste samples. Wood flour has been added into AF/PVA reaction medium. AF and PVA ratios and pressing conditions have been set by factorial design. The final pressing temperature and pressure have been set as 180 °C and 50MPa respectively. Varying AF/PVA ratios, composites presenting modulus of elasticity (MOE) values of ˜10GPa and modulus of rupture (MOR) of ˜90 MPa have been obtained. The MOR values are lower than that presented by the pure, dry, no plasticized PVA (higher than 152 MPa), but they are higher than commercial MDF (medium density fiberboard) and OSB (oriented strand board) of around 49 MPa. Degradation by microorganisms has been performed by soil burial test (method adapted from IPT Edition No. 1157 D5). Naturally occurring soft rot fungi have been isolated and identified according to micro cultivation techniques. Most frequent genus has been the cellulolytic Trichoderma spp. and most degrader has been Chaetomium spp. Changes in the composites microstructures and morphology throughout the biodegradation process have been studied by IR and SEM and decreasing in the mechanical properties monitored. The weight Ioss shown by composites with high AF concentration has been higher than the softwood Pinus sp. and comparable to the hardwood Eucalyptus grandis, utilized as witnesses. Even under enzymatic hydrolysis, the PVA-AF-cellulose structure has been only slightly broken, preserving considerable mechanical properties that remain superior to solid Sugi before entering any biodegradation process, even after 180 days of exposure. A correlation has been established between the structure, physical and mechanical properties and biodegradation rate of waste wood-PVA composites
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Metabolic Regulatory Clues From the Naked Mole Rat: Toward Brain Regulatory Functions During Stroke

Nathaniel, Thomas I., Otukonyong, Effiong E., Okon, Marvin, Chaves, Jose, Cochran, Thomas, Nathaniel, Adebobola I. 02 September 2013 (has links)
Resistance to tissue hypoxia is a robust fundamental adaptation to low oxygen supply, and represents a novel neuroscience problem with significance to mammalian physiology as well as human health. With the underlying mechanisms strongly conserved in evolution, the ability to resist tissue hypoxia in natural systems has recently emerged as an interesting model in mammalian physiology research to understand mechanisms that can be manipulated for the clinical management of stroke. The extraordinary ability to resist tissue hypoxia by the naked mole rat (NMR) indicates the presence of a unique mechanism that underlies the remarkable healthy life span and exceptional hypoxia resistance. This opens an interesting line of research into understanding the mechanisms employed by the naked mole rat (. Heterocephalus glaber) to protect the brain during hypoxia. In a series of studies, we first examined the presence of neuroprotection in the brain cells of naked mole rats (NMRs) subjected to hypoxic insults, and then characterized the expression of such neuroprotection in a wide range of time intervals. We used oxygen nutrient deprivation (OND), an in vitro model of resistance to tissue hypoxia to determine whether there is evidence of neuronal survival in the hippocampal (CA1) slices of NMRs that are subjected to chronic hypoxia. Hippocampus neurons of NMRs that were kept in hypoxic condition consistently tolerated OND right from the onset time of 5. h. This tolerance was maintained for 24. h. This finding indicates that there is evidence of resistance to tissue hypoxia by CA1 neurons of NMRs. We further examined the effect of hypoxia on metabolic rate in the NMR. Repeated measurement of metabolic rates during exposure of naked mole rats to hypoxia over a constant ambient temperature indicates that hypoxia significantly decreased metabolic rates in the NMR, suggesting that the observed decline in metabolic rate during hypoxia may contribute to the adaptive mechanism used by the NMR to resist tissue hypoxia. This work is aimed to contribute to the understanding of mechanisms of resistance to tissue hypoxia in the NMR as an important life-sustaining process, which can be translated into therapeutic interventions during stroke.
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Metabolic Regulatory Clues From the Naked Mole Rat: Toward Brain Regulatory Functions During Stroke

Nathaniel, Thomas I., Otukonyong, Effiong E., Okon, Marvin, Chaves, Jose, Cochran, Thomas, Nathaniel, Adebobola I. 02 September 2013 (has links)
Resistance to tissue hypoxia is a robust fundamental adaptation to low oxygen supply, and represents a novel neuroscience problem with significance to mammalian physiology as well as human health. With the underlying mechanisms strongly conserved in evolution, the ability to resist tissue hypoxia in natural systems has recently emerged as an interesting model in mammalian physiology research to understand mechanisms that can be manipulated for the clinical management of stroke. The extraordinary ability to resist tissue hypoxia by the naked mole rat (NMR) indicates the presence of a unique mechanism that underlies the remarkable healthy life span and exceptional hypoxia resistance. This opens an interesting line of research into understanding the mechanisms employed by the naked mole rat (. Heterocephalus glaber) to protect the brain during hypoxia. In a series of studies, we first examined the presence of neuroprotection in the brain cells of naked mole rats (NMRs) subjected to hypoxic insults, and then characterized the expression of such neuroprotection in a wide range of time intervals. We used oxygen nutrient deprivation (OND), an in vitro model of resistance to tissue hypoxia to determine whether there is evidence of neuronal survival in the hippocampal (CA1) slices of NMRs that are subjected to chronic hypoxia. Hippocampus neurons of NMRs that were kept in hypoxic condition consistently tolerated OND right from the onset time of 5. h. This tolerance was maintained for 24. h. This finding indicates that there is evidence of resistance to tissue hypoxia by CA1 neurons of NMRs. We further examined the effect of hypoxia on metabolic rate in the NMR. Repeated measurement of metabolic rates during exposure of naked mole rats to hypoxia over a constant ambient temperature indicates that hypoxia significantly decreased metabolic rates in the NMR, suggesting that the observed decline in metabolic rate during hypoxia may contribute to the adaptive mechanism used by the NMR to resist tissue hypoxia. This work is aimed to contribute to the understanding of mechanisms of resistance to tissue hypoxia in the NMR as an important life-sustaining process, which can be translated into therapeutic interventions during stroke.
90

Effect of Hypoxia on Metabolic Rate, Core Body Temperature, and C-Fos Expression in the Naked Mole Rat

Nathaniel, Thomas I., Otukonyong, Effiong, Abdellatif, Ahmed, Soyinka, Julius O. 01 October 2012 (has links)
Recent investigations of hypoxia physiology in the naked mole rat have opened up an interesting line of research into the basic physiological and genomic alterations that accompany hypoxia survival. The extent to which such findings connect the effect of hypoxia to metabolic rate (O2 consumption), core body temperature (Tb), and transcripts encoding the immediate early gene product (such as c-fos) under a constant ambient temperature (Ta) is not well known. We investigated this issue in the current study. Our first sets of experiments measured Tb and metabolic rates during exposure of naked mole rats to hypoxia over a constant Ta. Hypoxia significantly decreased metabolic rates in the naked mole rat. Although core Tb also decreased during hypoxia, the effect of hypoxia in suppressing core Tb was not significant. The second series of experiments revealed that c-fos protein and mRNA expression in the hippocampus neurons (CA1) increased in naked mole rats that were repeatedly exposed to 3% O2 for 60min per day for 5 days when compared to normoxia. Our findings provide evidence for the up-regulation of c-fos and suppression of metabolic rate in hypoxia tolerating naked mole rats under constant ambient temperature. Metabolic suppression and c-fos upregulation constitute part of the physiological complex associated with adaptation to hypoxia.

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