Les travaux dont les résultats sont présentés dans ce manuscrit ont été menés dans le but de préparer des matériaux catalytiques à base de métaux nobles pour l'élimination de certains composés organiques volatils (COV). Différents catalyseurs à base de platine ont ainsi été préparés et leurs performances catalytiques évaluées pour l'oxydation de deux polluants : le n-butanol et l'acide acétique. Une première étude sur l'élimination oxydative et non-oxydative du n-butanol sur des catalyseurs à base de platine supportés sur alumine a été menée. Ce travail a porté essentiellement sur l'étude de l'effet des différents paramètres intervenant dans la réaction (oxygène, eau, métal). Le phénomène d'adsorption-désorption du polluant à la surface du catalyseur a également été étudié. S'inspirant des données de la littérature sur les propriétés redox particulières de la cérine, les travaux ont ensuite porté sur l'effet de l'ajout de CeO2 à des catalyseurs de type Pt/Al2O3 pour l'oxydation du n-butanol et de l'acide acétique. La modification des propriétés redox et acido-basiques ainsi que celle des performances catalytiques du matériau observées avec l'ajout de CeO2 a permis d'établir une corrélation entre activité catalytique en oxydation, capacité de stockage de l'oxygène et basicité. Cette corrélation a été confirmée dans la dernière étude menée sur des catalyseurs mis en forme de type monolithes enduits avec différents matériaux (Pt/Al2O3, Pt/CeO2, Pt/ZrO2, Pt/Al2O3-CeO2, Pt/Al2O3-ZrO2 et Pt/CeO2-ZrO2). / The results presented in this manuscript have aimed at preparing catalytic materials based on noble metals for the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOC). Thus, different platinum based catalysts have been prepared and their catalytic performances have been evaluated for n-butanol and acetic acid oxidation. A first study on oxidative and non-oxidative removal of n-butanol over alumina supported platinum based catalysts has been performed. This work focused on the study of the effect of the different parameters involved in the reaction (oxygen, water, metal). The adsorption-desorption phenomenon of the pollutant on the catalyst surface has also been studied.Inspired by the literature on the specific redox properties of ceria, the work was then focused on the effect of the addition of CeO2 to Pt/Al2O3 catalysts for n-butanol and acetic acid oxidation. The modification of the redox and acid-base properties as well as that of the catalytic performances of the material with the addition of CeO2 allowed to establish a relationship between catalytic oxidation activities, oxygen storage capacity and basicity. This correlation has been confirmed in the last study performed on the monolithic catalysts coated with different materials (Pt/Al2O3, Pt/CeO2, Pt/ZrO2, Pt/Al2O3-CeO2, Pt/Al2O3-ZrO2 and Pt/CeO2-ZrO2).

The Fairy shrimp Branchinecta gaini Daday, 1910 is the largest freshwater invertebrate in Antarctica and the top-level consumer of local freshwater food webs. Ecological demands of B. gaini that are accompanied by 'ruderal' life strategy together with its spatial distribution that exceeds to Patagonia indicate that it had survived last glacial period in South America and expanded to Antarctica shortly after this epoch endeed. On James Ross Island that is the most extreme environment where B. gaini occurs today was this fairy shrimp considered extinct until year 2008. Its disappearance was based on paleolimnological analysis of several lake sediment cores according to which it inhabited this island between years 4200 to approximately 1500 before present when it died out because of changes in lake catchments caused by harsh neoglacial conditions. Paleolimnological analysis of Monolith Lake presented in this study has shown that this assumption was wrong and B. gaini has lived on James Ross Island throughout neoglacial period up to recent time. Phylogeographic analysis of 16S rDNA of specimens from Patagonia, South Orkneys, South Shetlands and James Ross Island revealed that its high morphological diversity is not supported by this gene and that all examined populations of B. gaini is one species with very few...

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a modern analytical technique, which is electrokinetic separation generated by high voltage and taken place inside the small capillaries. In this dissertation, several advanced capillary electrophoresis methods are presented using different approaches of CE and UV and mass spectrometry are utilized as the detection methods. Capillary electrochromatography (CEC), as one of the CE modes, is a recent developed technique which is a hybrid of capillary electrophoresis and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Capillary electrochromatography exhibits advantages of both techniques. In Chapter 2, monolithic capillary column are fabricated using in situ photoinitiation polymerization method. The column was then applied for the separation of six antidepressant compounds. Meanwhile, a simple chiral separation method is developed and presented in Chapter 3. Beta cycodextrin was utilized to achieve the goal of chiral separation. Not only twelve cathinone analytes were separated, but also isomers of several analytes were enantiomerically separated. To better understand the molecular information on the analytes, the TOF-MS system was coupled with the CE. A sheath liquid and a partial filling technique (PFT) were employed to reduce the contamination of MS ionization source. Accurate molecular information was obtained. It is necessary to propose, develop, and optimize new techniques that are suitable for trace-level analysis of samples in forensic, pharmaceutical, and environmental applications. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) was selected for this task, as it requires lower amounts of samples, it simplifies sample preparation, and it has the flexibility to perform separations of neutral and charged molecules as well as enantiomers. Overall, the study demonstrates the versatility of capillary electrophoresis methods in forensic, pharmaceutical, and environmental applications.

Les anticorps monoclonaux (Acms) représentent une part importante des traitements médicamenteux à visées anticancéreuses à l'hôpital. Leur action ciblée et leur efficacité favorisent leur essor considérable dans le monde pharmaceutique. Leur reconstitution est nécessaire avant d'être administré par voie intraveineuse chez le patient. A l’heure actuelle, il n’existe pas de contrôle rigoureux permettant leur indentification. Compte-tenu de leurs propriétés physico-chimiques similaires leur discrimination par un contrôle analytique hospitalier pré-libératoire est un véritable défi. Dans cette thèse trois nouvelles approches ont été explorées pour permettre la discrimination et l'identification rapide d’un mélange de quatre anticorps monoclonaux après reconstitution: le bevacizumab, le cetuximab, le rituximab et le trastuzumab. Parmi ces approches, deux portent sur des méthodes séparatives : la chromatographie d'échange de cations sur support monolithique et l'électrophorèse capillaire de zone. Les conditions d'analyse de ces méthodes ont été optimisées dans l'objectif d’une identification rapide et fiable. Nous avons également étudié les paramètres intrinsèques des anticorps monoclonaux influençant leur séparation. La troisième approche est basée sur une méthode spectrale ultra-rapide par spectroscopie UV dérivée associant l'analyse par injection en flux et l'analyse multivariée. L'étude des données spectrales par l'analyse multivariée nous a permis de concevoir un algorithme capable de discriminer sans ambigüité les anticorps monoclonaux à partir de leurs informations spectrales. / Anticancer monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) represent a large part of anticancer drugs at hospital. Their success is related to their capacity to specifically interact with their target with relatively low adverse effects. mAbs must be compounded at the hospital before patient's infusion. They exhibit common features rendering their discrimination through fast analytical methods difficult. At the hospital, quality controls mainly rely on mAbs identity and quantity compliance. However, identity of compounds with high similarity remains challenging. In this thesis, three new approaches for the discrimination and the identification of four mAbs, bevacizumab, cetuximab, rituximab and trastuzumab have been investigated. Among them, two approaches are based on separation methods Cation exchange chromatography on a monolithic stationary phase and capillary electrophoresis. The analytical conditions were extensively optimized to obtain rapid and suitable method allowing their discrimination. We have also studied the influence of their physico-chemical properties on their separations. The third approach relies on a rapid second derivative spectral method combining flow injection analysis and multivariate analysis. An algorithm able to discriminate accurately the monoclonal antibodies has been designed from in-depth study of the spectral data through multivariate analysis.

The purpose of this thesis is to study behaving of thin reinforced concrete shell structure with a huge span which overcomes two hundred meters. The main goal is to find an ideal shape of such structure to ensure only compression without bending tension which allows us to cover huge area with a very thin shell. For solution of internal forces was used the finite elemet method (ANSYS).The blueprints of shape of this shell are the part of this project.

This diploma thesis deals with the design of a mountain hotel with a roof structure made of a reinforced concrete shell. During designing three types of design were assessed. The aim was to find out which of the design solutions is the most suitable for the behaviour of a reinforced concrete structure. The Dlubal RFEM program was used to assess and calculate the internal forces in the structure. In this thesis I also deal with the design and assessment of individual elements of the selected design solution. The thesis also includes drawings of construction plans and drawings of reinforcement plans.

Micro Frontends är en ny mjukvarusystemarkitektur som påstås lösa många av problemen som drabbar monolitiska frontends med stora kodbaser. Den begränsade andelen forskning som undersökt konceptet har nått motsägelsefulla slutsatser kring arkitekturens effekt i praktiken. Detta är problematiskt då många företag överväger att migrera till arkitekturen men är tveksamma, vilket motiveras av den bristande kunskapen om konceptet. Denna kvantitativa studie ämnar undersöka om utvecklare som jobbar med Micro Frontends upplever dess fördelar och nackdelar genom att jämföra deras upplevelse med utvecklare som jobbar med en monolitisk frontend. Datan samlades in genom en surveyundersökning och analyserades med statistiska metoder. Resultaten av den kvantitativa analysen visade att kodduplicering samt att hålla ett UX konsekvent är problematiska aspekter vid användandet av Micro Frontends. Studiens låga svarsfrekvens gör att dessa resultat inte anses som generaliserbara. / Micro Frontends is a new software system architecture that is said to solve many of the problems that exist in monolithic frontends with large codebases. The limited amount of research that has examined the concept have reached contradictory conclusions about the effect of the architecture in practice. This is problematic as many companies are considering migrating to the Micro Frontend architecture but are hesitant, which is motivated by the lack of knowledge about the concept. This quantitative study aims to investigate whether developers working with Micro Frontends experience its theorized advantages and disadvantages by comparing their experience with developers working with a monolithic frontend. The data were collected through a survey and analyzed using statistical methods. The results of the quantitative analysis showed that code duplication and keeping a consistent UX is problematic when using Micro Frontends. The study's low response rate however means that these results are not considered generalizable.

Preterm birth (PTB) results in over 15 million early births annually and is the leading cause of neonatal deaths. There are no clinical methods currently available to evaluate risk of PTB at early stages in pregnancy; thus, a rapid diagnostic to analyze PTB risk would be beneficial. Microfluidic immunoaffinity extraction is a promising platform for preparing complex samples, such as maternal serum with PTB risk biomarkers. 3D printed microfluidic devices have advantages over conventional microfluidic systems including simple fabrication and potential for iterative optimization to improve designs. In this work, I developed immunoaffinity monoliths in 3D printed microfluidic devices modified with antibodies to enrich PTB biomarkers from human blood serum. I retained and eluted a peptide PTB biomarker in both buffer and blood serum using an immunoaffinity column. An additional three PTB biomarkers were also successfully extracted either from buffer or blood serum on single-antibody columns. Both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to PTB biomarkers were characterized by dot blots, biolayer interferometry, and surface plasmon resonance to determine their specificity and dissociation constants. I created multiplexed immunoaffinity columns to simultaneously enrich three PTB biomarkers from depleted human blood serum in a single extraction. This is the first demonstration of multiplexed immunoaffinity columns for PTB biomarkers in a 3D printed microfluidic device. My work is a key step towards the future development of 3D printed microfluidic devices for rapid PTB testing.

Sol-gel-based silica monoliths with hierarchical mesopores/macropores are promising catalyst support and flow reactors. Here, we report the successful preparation of cylindrically shaped Pt-loaded silica monoliths (length: 2 cm, diameter: 0.5 cm) with a variable mean macropore width of 1, 6, 10, or 27 μm at a fixed mean mesopore width of 17 nm. The Pt-loaded monolithic catalysts were housed in a robust cladding made of borosilicate glass for use as a flow reactor. The monolithic reactors exhibit a permeability as high as 2 μm2 with a pressure drop below 9 bars over a flow rate range of 2–20 cm3 min−1 (solvent: water). The aqueous-phase hydrogenation of p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol with NaBH4 as a reducing agent was used as a test reaction to study the influence of mass transfer on catalytic activity in continuous flow. No influence of flow rate on conversion at a fixed contact time of 2.6 s was observed for monolithic catalysts with mean macropore widths of 1, 10, or 27 µm. As opposed to earlier studies conducted at much lower flow velocities, this strongly indicates the absence of external mass-transfer limitations or stagnant layer formation in the macropores of the monolithic catalysts.

Architecture and Film - A Symbiotic Relationship. This project is not intented to be revolutionary, but rather exploratory. To delve deeper into ones interests and better understand them. My architectural studies are five years young, and my passion for film has been with me for as long as I can remember. That is why I see my diplomaproject as an opportunity to bring both worlds that fuel my creativity together. I do not see myself as an architect without being a filmmaker and I cannot create worlds as a filmmaker without exploring architecture. An anomaly was detected in the northern region of Europe. Satellite images show an island not included in any of our maps on which monolithic structures are resting. The clean geometry and the elusive dimensions show monuments difficult to specify in time. These monuments seem ancient, but they are not primitive. They show advanced knowledge of our celestial bodies from however long ago. These are The Monuments of The Ones Before. Once, before our time. To you the reader: We have made a startling discovery. This is the birthplace of astronomy.