This licentiate thesis consists of three essays which all concern the ethics of imprisonment and what constitutes an ethically defensible treatment of criminal offenders. Paper 1 defends the claim that prisoners have a right to privacy. I argue that the right to privacy is important because of its connection to moral agency. For that reasons is the protection of inmates’ right to privacy also warranted by different established philosophical theories about the justification of legal punishment. I discuss the practical implications of this argument. Ultimately I argue the invasion of privacy should be minimized to the greatest extent possible without compromising other important values and rights to safety and security. In defending this position, I argue that respect for inmates’ privacy should be part of the objective of creating and upholding a secure environment to better effect in the long run. Paper 2 discusses whether the collateral harm of imprisonment to the close family members and children of prison inmates may give rise to special moral obligations towards them. Several collateral harms, including decreased psychological wellbeing, financial costs, loss of economic opportunities, and intrusion and control over their private lives, are identified. Two competing perspectives in moral philosophy are applied in order to assess whether the harms are permissible. The first is consequentialist and the second is deontological, and it is argued that both of them fails and therefore it is hard to defend the position that allowing for these harms would be morally permissible, even for the sake of the overall aims of incarceration. Instead, it is argued that these harms imply that imprisonment should only be used as a last resort. Where it is necessary, imprisonment should give rise to special moral obligations towards families of prisoners. Using the notion of residual obligation, these obligations are defended, categorized and clarified. Paper 3 evaluates electronic monitoring (EM) from an ethical perspective and discusses whether it could be a promising alternative to imprisonment as a criminal sanction for a series of criminal offenses. EM evaluated from an ethical perspective as six initial ethical challenges are addressed and discussed. It is argued that since EM is developing as a technology and a punitive means, it is urgent to discuss its ethical implications and incorporate moral values into its design and development. / <p>QC 20140519</p>

The thesis deals with moral (ethical) education in Czech schools. It tries to extend the current complementary discipline of ethical education by the Konstanz Method of Dilemma- Discussion (hereinafter KMDD) whose objective is to develop moral competence. For this purpose, it follows the tradition of moral education in Czech schools and pays attention to the diversity of the concept of moral education. It introduces the main psychological backgrounds of moral education and also the theories that focus on the "measurement" of morality. The thesis analyses the contemporary Czech concept of ethical education, maps the situation of moral education with respect to our neighbours, and then presents the Konstanz Method of Dilemma-Discussion. Part of the dissertation is its research section in which Czech pupils were subjected to a KMDD examination through research. Keywords: moral education, ethics education, method, concept, tradition, measurement of morality, Konstanz Method of Dilemma Discussion

Cora Diamond nous présente dans son œuvre L’Esprit Réaliste une méthode nous permettant de répondre à la question « comment vivre? ». Elle nous présente aussi une méthode nous permettant d’élargir notre raisonnement moral et sortir du vocabulaire limité d’une interprétation plus traditionnelle de la philosophie morale. Aux questions de jugements, d’évaluations, de dilemmes et de métaéthique, elle souhaite introduire des concepts comme ceux de l’imagination, de l’improvisation, de la perception morale, de la texture d’être et d’aventure. La possibilité est aussi ouverte pour chercher une éducation morale non édifiante par la littérature. En effet, élargir le raisonnement moral implique aussi de ne pas se limiter à la forme argumentaire traditionnelle en philosophie. Il s’agit de voir la pertinence dans des œuvres littéraires comme des romans de fiction et des œuvres poétiques, mais aussi dans des œuvres cinématographiques. Diamond nous présente donc avec une éthique qui ne nous apporte pas de connaissances prescriptives, mais plutôt une connaissance conceptuelle et sensible. Elle nous apprend à voir les différences entre différentes conceptions de la vie, à se connaître soi-même et à aller à la rencontre de l’autre. / Cora Diamond presents to us in her work The Realistic Spirit a method allowing us to answer the question “how to live?” It also presents us with a method by which we can broaden our moral reasoning and break out of the limited vocabulary of a more traditional interpretation of moral philosophy. To questions of judgments, evaluations, dilemmas and meta-ethics, she wishes to introduce concepts such as those of imagination, improvisation, moral perception, texture of being and adventure. The possibility is also opened for seeking a non-edifying moral education through literature. Indeed, expanding moral reasoning also implies not being limited to the traditional form of argument in philosophy. It is about seeing the relevance in literary works like fiction novels and poetic works, but also in cinematographic works. Diamond therefore presents us with an ethic that does not provide us with prescriptive knowledge, but rather conceptual and sensitive knowledge. It teaches us to see the differences between different conceptions of life, to know ourselves and to meet others.

The thesis deals with moral (ethical) education in Czech schools. It tries to extend the current complementary discipline of ethical education by the Konstanz Method of Dilemma- Discussion (hereinafter KMDD) whose objective is to develop moral competence. For this purpose, it follows the tradition of moral education in Czech schools and pays attention to the diversity of the concept of moral education. It introduces the main psychological backgrounds of moral education and also the theories that focus on the "measurement" of morality. The thesis analyses the contemporary Czech concept of ethical education, maps the situation of moral education with respect to our neighbours, and then presents the Konstanz Method of Dilemma-Discussion. Part of the dissertation is its research section in which Czech pupils were subjected to a KMDD examination through research. Keywords: moral education, ethics education, method, concept, tradition, measurement of morality, Konstanz Method of Dilemma Discussion

This paper is concerned with the analysis of development and implementation period of career education in Japan. Special attention is paid to social and economic background, which are the main factors of its formation. The author discloses the features of this system, traces its structural changes and estimates its current state. / Работа посвящена анализу периода внедрения и развития карьерного образования в Японии. Особое внимание уделено социальному и экономическому фону, являющимися основными факторами её формирования. Автор раскрывает особенности данной системы, прослеживает изменения в её структуре и даёт оценку её современному состоянию.

Thesis (MEd (Education Policy Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / During his presidency, Mr Nelson Mandela could not emphasise enough the rights of children and the conditions of children and youth in detention. In his first opening speech of Parliament in 1994 he made it quite clear that the rights of children had to be prioritised. In May 1995, a year after the Government of National Unity came into power, Mr Mandela recommended that an Inter-Ministerial Committee for Youth at Risk should be appointed to draft an improved system for Child and Youth Care. With regard to children who are guilty of lawlessness, drug abuse, gangsterism and juvenile delinquency, Places of Safety occupy an important position in the South African education system. In this research I conclude that the biggest stumbling block for the effective application of moral education in Places of Safety could be attributed to the fact that children admitted to these places are hardened street children. They form a sub-culture on their own, who could easily be influenced by the group of whom they are part. The multi-disciplinary teams who are responsible for the moral education of these learners are not always adequately trained to handle their tasks effectively, and do not always realise the necessity thereof. The limited time that these learners/children spend at Places of Safety also has an influence on the effective application of their moral education. The programmes at Places of Safety are specifically designed to support the regeneration of morality for children who stray from accepted social norms and values of society. The National Institute for Crime Prevention and the Reintegration of Offenders (NICRO) has support structures in the community in places which support children and youth, who are guilty of unacceptable social behaviour, such as violent crimes, house burglary and rape. One may refer to support structures as diversion programmes, and they are managed by NICRO to support institutions that are currently working with persons in conflict with the law.

在香港的中學教育，考試主導文化乃主流，相比學科學習，非學科學習一直處於次等位置，尤以高中為甚。自二零零九年開始，其他學習經歷實施成為新高中課程中一個正規的必修部分，它包羅了五個不同非學科學習範疇，所有高中學生必需參加每一範疇的活動。鼓吹全人發展的擁護者對其他學習經歷產生莫大希冀，期望學生能從中發展均衡人生，並培養出難以從書本中學習、卻需在真實的學習經歷上體會到的正確價值觀和態度。博士生研究員進行了這項質化個案研究，以了解香港學校實施了甚麼其他學習經歷、怎樣、並為何推行。當中審視兩間學校其他學習經歷實施情況，和其中因由的相互影響過程。在批判分析並綜合校長及教師訪問，加上檢視文件後，本研究對有效實施其他學習經歷或類似的教育計畫提出了建議。 / 以 Fullan (2001a) 和Leithwood (1981) 的理論為分析框架，是次研究結果顯示政府由上而下推出的其他學習經歷已改變了香港高中學生的非學科學習。學校實施其他學習經歷得到的主要成果，乃達致了教育局在五個範疇的學習時間要求，同時，當非學科學習以具結構、並規定的其他學習經歷課程出現時，校長、教師和學生便更願意投放時間及其他資源於其中，然而尚需有更多措施以提昇其他學習經歷的質素。在各因素之中，影響其他學習經歷實施最大的因素，是社會文化觀念認為非學科學習只附屬於學科學習，這因素更抵消了學校和教師推動其他學習經歷值得敬佩的努力。在三個要素類別中，本土要素包含最多影響因素，其中教師因素最有利課程。不過實施新高中課程，包括：其他學習經歷卻令教師工作量大幅增加，妨礙其他學習經歷進一步發展。 / 建基於 Fullan (2001a)的清單，並根據本研究結果，研究員提出了十一項影響香港教育改革的因素，作為日後參考。研究對政府促進學校實施其他學習經歷作出不少建議，包括：投放更多資源，並更積極游說大學和向公眾推廣其他學習經歷。同時，學校、公眾和政府亦需要有足夠耐性，讓一個新課程慢慢在學校制度化。 / In Hong Kong, Non-academic Learning (NAL) has long played a peripheral role to academic learning in secondary school education, especially the senior secondary, because of the predominantly examination-oriented culture. First implemented in 2009, Other Learning Experiences (OLE) is now a formal, compulsory component of the New Senior Secondary Curriculum (NSSC), requiring student participation in in five areas of NAL. It has brought hopes to advocates of Whole-person Development (WPD) that students could develop a balanced life and values and attitudes that could not be learnt in textbooks but through authentic learning experiences. To understand what, how and why the OLE has been implemented, the doctoral researcher has carried out a qualitative case study examining the implementation of OLE and the interplay of factors underlying the process at two schools. Based on a critical analysis of the interviews with the parties involved in OLE implementation, including the principals and teachers, alongside scrutiny of related documents, this study presents recommendations on how OLE and similar educational initiatives can be more effectively implemented. / Analyzed using a framework developed from Fullan (2001) and Leithwood (1981), results in this study indicate that the top-down OLE stipulated by the government has effectively initiated changes in NAL of senior secondary students in Hong Kong. OLE has achieved partial success mainly in terms of meeting time requirements for the five areas set by the Education Bureau (EDB). There has also been a rise in the status of NAL now required and structured as OLE, which heightened the willingness of the principals, teachers and students to inject time and other resources to OLE. However, measures in bolstering quality of OLE have yet to be intensified. Amid the many factors, cultural and societal perceptions of NAL as subsidiary to academic learning are the major factor that counteracts the praiseworthy effort made by schools and teachers. Local factors were the most influential among the three categories of factors, with factors of the teachers presenting the most favorable effects to the curriculum. Nevertheless, the large teachers’ workload incurred by NSSC implementation hindered further development of OLE. / From the findings of this study and Fullan’s (2001a) list, the researcher has proposed a list of 11 factors to be considered in Hong Kong-based education reform initiatives. There are many recommendations concerning how the government may facilitate OLE implementation in schools, for example, by allocating more resources to relieve teachers’ workload and by being more proactive in lobbying universities as well as promoting OLE to the public. Considerable patience is also suggested for the schools, the public and the government to allow gradual institutionalization of a new curriculum in schools. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Leung, Kwok Wai Masa. / Thesis (Ed.D) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 293-313). / Abstracts also in Chinese.

published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Education

Σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας είναι να παρουσιαστούν οι ιδέες του Καντ σχετικά με την ηθική αγωγή των παιδιών. Η δομή της εργασίας βασίζεται στην παραδοχή ότι η παιδαγωγική θεωρία του δεν μπορεί να κατανοηθεί αποκομμένη από την ηθική και πολιτική φιλοσοφία του. Μάλιστα, αποτελεί σημαντικό τμήμα της, καθώς διερευνά τη δυνατότητα και τους τρόπους ηθικοποίησης των ανθρώπινων υποκειμένων. Θεωρείται καθοριστική για την επίτευξη του ύψιστου αγαθού για το ανθρώπινο είδος, δηλαδή την ηθική κοινωνία με τη μέγιστη ευδαιμονία και την καθολική ηθικότητα. Στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζονται κάποιες γενικές παραδοχές της ηθικής θεωρίας του Καντ σχετικά με το ανθρώπινο γένος. Στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο αναλύεται η θεωρία του Καντ σχετικά με την ηθική αγωγή των παιδιών. Στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζονται τρία ερωτήματα που προκύπτουν απ’ την ανάλυση της θεωρίας του Καντ για την ηθική αγωγή. Το πρώτο θέμα που εξετάζεται είναι το πώς συνδυάζεται η πειθαρχία και ο καταναγκασμός με την ελευθερία και την αυτονομία των μαθητών. Ένα άλλο σημείο που χρήζει σχολιασμού είναι το αν η ηθική αγωγή είναι τελικά απαραίτητη για την ηθική τελειοποίηση των μαθητών, μιας και σύμφωνα με τον Καντ όλοι οι άνθρωποι γνωρίζουν a priori τον ηθικό νόμο. Το τρίτο και τελευταίο σημείο προς ανάλυση πραγματεύεται τον ρόλο των συναισθημάτων στην ηθική αγωγή. / The purpose of this study is to present the ideas of Kant on moral education of children. The structure of the study is based on the assumption that his theory on education cannot be comprehended in isolation from his moral and political philosophy. Indeed, it comprises an important part of it, since it examines the possibility and the ways of moralisation of human beings. His theory on moral education is considered as crucial for the accomplishment of the highest good for the human race, which is the moral community with the utmost happiness combined with the universal morality. The first chapter includes some basic assumptions of Kant's moral theory related to the human race. In the second chapter Kant's theory on moral education of children is analysed. Chapter three poses three questions, which derive from the analysis of Kant's theory on education. The first issue discussed is how discipline and necessitation are combined with pupils' freedom and autonomy. An other topic worth of discussion is whether moral education is necessary for moral perfection of pupils, since according to Kant all human beings are a priori aware of the moral law. The third and final point of discussion refers to the role of feelings in moral education.

The objective of the dissertation is to prove that ELCZ contributed religious education in the Western Deanery. It is also to assess the interaction between Christianity and African Traditional Religion, since they are the major religions in the Western Deanery they should be taught at schools. Prior to independence religion meant Christianity. Missionaries and a few chosen local teachers taught it. The aim was to Christianize as many students as possible. the abduction of students at Manama Mission in 1970 disurbed the teaching of religious and secular education. A new Manama was set up in Bulawayo but was not a success in reviving the teaching of religious education. There were numerous problems which hindered progress. After independence religious education was based on the child's personal experience not only Christianity. It accommodated all religions. Dissident disturbance interfered with the teaching of religious and secular education. Religious education gained momentum after signing of the Unity Accord in 1987. / Religious Studies and Arabic / M.A. (Religious Studies)