In complex information flows where a lot of varied data is transmitted through many companies and divisions, incidents will occur. When Visma Spcs had an incident where invoices sent from Visma to Visma's customers were duplicated and the service meant to receive the transactions did not handle the duplicates properly. They decided that the receiver service was to be upgraded to prevent this incident from happening again, as well as fixing some other issues the service had had. Incidents like this one must be investigated and a solution must be implemented to decrease the likelihood that similar incidents will happen again. In this report, the reader will see examples on how this can be handled and the benefits of tackling technical debt, along with how much more complicated the solutions might get if the service is not allowed to be taken offline.

by Wong Chi-tak, Colman, [and] Tam Koon-wing. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1981. / Bibliography: l. 91-93.

by Yuen Woon Sum. / Thesis (M.S.W.)-- Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1980. / Bibliography: l. [B1]-B6.

Ce travail s’interroge sur l’impact éthique du remplacement des humains par des robots, particulièrement dans le cadre militaire avec les systèmes d’armes létales autonomes (SALA). Il fait le point sur les robots militaires et les logiciels existants qui contribuent à leur autonomie jusqu’en 2014. L’augmentation progressive de l’autonomie des robots signe le remplacement possible de l’humain, l’agir moral des machines à la place de l’homme est dès lors une problématique. Le robot peut-il être un agent moral ? Peut-on créer un agent moral artificiel ? Quelles sont les contraintes techniques, algorithmiques, juridiques et éthiques auxquelles une telle réalisation serait confrontée, notamment dans le monde militaire ? La robotisation est une réalité qui a déjà des effets sur le politique et le militaire comme l’illustre l’usage des drones. Quels pourraient être les effets d’une plus grande autonomie des robots pour l’obtention de la victoire et vis-à-vis de l’éthique militaire ? L’aspect novateur ne doit pas oblitérer les défis qui se posent tant aux soldats qu’aux robots. Si aucun n’est infaillible, que peut-on conclure du projet de créer des robots moraux, et quel avenir peut-on envisager pour une robotique respectueuse de l’éthique militaire ? / This work examines the ethical impact of replacing human beings with robots, especially in the military context. It focuses on existing military robots and on programmes contributing to their autonomy until 2015. Increasing autonomy of robots signs the possible replacement of the human being; the moral behaviour of the machines replacing the moral action of man is therefore an issue. Can the robot be a moral agent? Can one create an artificial moral agent? What are the technical, algorithmic, legal and ethical constraints that such achievement would face, especially in the military environment? Robotics are a reality having already an impact on the political and military world, as illustrated by the use of unmanned air vehicles. What might be the effects of greater autonomy of robots in obtaining victory and towards military ethics? The innovative aspect should not obliterate the challenges facing soldiers as well as robots. If no one is infallible, what can one conclude about the project of creating moral robots, and what kind of future can we look for in view of friendly robotics respecting military ethics?

This thesis responds to a lack of information regarding reading practice in literature in early Middle English. Here, reading is often used as a metaphorical or symbolic act - representing piety, devotional practice, or intellectualism - but how reading took place, how users engaged with books, is rarely figured. Other seams of evidence are therefore needed to access the reading process. The corpus of manuscripts on which I focus consists of thirty-three multilingual books containing English, Latin, and French produced in England between 1066 and c. 1300. Using this corpus, and inspired by the work of Leah Price, Juliet Fleming, Kathryn Rudy, and others, I seek to test the boundaries of what has previously been considered permissible evidence for reading, thereby adjusting and expanding current conceptions of the range of activities and practices high medieval book use entailed. The thesis begins with a case study of some important readers: scribes. In chapter one, using the seven surviving copies of Poema Morale as a corpus I read against current critical considerations of variance in manuscript transmission as a sign of 'scribal authorship' in order to establish practices of scribal reading. Chapters two and three go on to demonstrate how these 'scribal readers' prefigured a work's use as they copied, particularly when they chose to introduce or exclude textual apparatus in the form of titles, capitals, or paraph marks. The final part of the thesis examines the retrospective evidence of use left by readers who marked and altered their books to determine the extent to which readers conformed to the practices imagined by manuscript producers. As a whole, then, the thesis showcases the variegated nature of reading practice - from critical analysis to nugatory scanning - and the alternative uses for books in English in this period. It shows that vernacular reading was a work of 'embodied intellectual labour' that benefitted from the material form of the book, and that engagement and manipulation of this form was not just tolerated, but expected, and perhaps actively encouraged.

O objetivo da presente dissertação é compreender a concepção de divertimento nos escritos de Blaise Pascal, tanto em sentido, por assim dizer, antropológico, quanto moral. A partir da noção de conhecimento de si, refletiremos sobre os principais conceitos pascalianos que se relacionam com o que ele chamava de estudo do homem. / L\'objectiv de cette thèse est de comprendre la notion de divertissement dans les écrits de Blaise Pascal, dans l\'ordre, pour ainsi dire, anthropologique et moral. De la notion de connaissance de soi, nous allons réfléchir sur les concepts clés pascalien qui se rapportent à ce qu\'il appelle l\'étude de l\'homme.

The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the connection between principal leadership practices and the perceptions of how teachers reported the practices that influence teaching and learning. The interview method was used to collect the data for this study. The TELL TN survey is currently used to collect data in public schools throughout the state of Tennessee. This survey is used to obtain data on different aspects of education including school leadership. The TELL TN survey informed my interview questions in order to gain more in-depth data and to gain a greater understanding of the results. Teachers from different Middle Tennessee schools and who serve different grade levels were interviewed. These interviews were focused on leadership practices of school principals and what they perceived to aid in their teaching and therefore aid in student learning. The overarching themes that were uncovered included support, autonomy, and sincerity.

Au dix-huitième siècle, la question de l’éducation fut posée avec force. Sous l’impulsion des philosophes des Lumières, des auteurs vont répondre à cette nouvelle demande : instruire en amusant. Arnaud Berquin est l’un d’eux. Il est connu pour être l’auteur du premier périodique pour la jeunesse : L’Ami des enfants. Le parcours singulier de cet écrivain bordelais l’a mis au contact des hommes des Lumières les plus influents du dernier quart du siècle. Nous avons abordé son œuvre, qu’elle s’adresse aux amateurs d’idylles et de romances, à la jeunesse avec les livres d’enfance, périodiques ou romans d’éducation, aux habitants des campagnes sous la Révolution. Les gazettes littéraires nous ont permis d’apprécier le succès d’un auteur qui vécut de sa plume. L’étude des textes nous a donné la mesure de son engagement constant au côté des philosophes et sa démarche novatrice pour insuffler l’esprit des Lumières à l’enfance à travers un discours moral, religieux, éducatif et politique. / In the eighteenth century, a great deal was said about Education by the philosophers of the Enlightenment. They saw in it the way to promote morality and progress. Under of their impulse, some authors tried to answer their new request : how to teach while enjoying oneself. Arnaud Berquin is one of them. He is known as the author of the first periodical for youth : L’Ami des enfants. During his life, this writer met the most important of the philosophers of the Enlightenment from the end of the century. We have studied his whole works, the poetic part, with idylls and romances, the youth part with periodic and children’s books, and finally a periodical for rural people, in the Revolution’s time. The literary gazettes told us that Arnaud Berquin was estimated so he had the capacity to live on his writing. The study of the texts shows us a man who was engaged to promote the Enlightenment ideas to young people through a purpose based on morality, religion, education and politics.

High faculty morale and job satisfaction are vital for optimum performance and important to the quality and vitality of the academic enterprise. However, research on faculty morale and job satisfaction has historically been limited to faculty at traditional comprehensive institutions and specific professional programs. Faculty who conduct biomedical research at academic health centers experience substantial differences in employment expectations and how they are funded than other faculty. The purpose of this study was to explore how personal and professional factors contribute toward positive morale and job satisfaction for faculty in biomedical research programs at one academic health center. This qualitative study used individual semi-structured interviews to explore work-life aspects associated with self-reported levels of morale and job satisfaction. Results from this study indicated that biomedical research faculty enjoy their work and highly value collaborating with their colleagues. The persistent need to fund at least half of their salaries through soft money, the loss of valued colleagues due to turnover, and a lack of identity with their institution decreases job satisfaction. It was also found that job satisfaction is expressed differently by gender and length of employment at one's current institution. Female faculty expressed feelings of limited support for those raising families while faculty employed longer expressed lower satisfaction than those recently hired. Better understanding of what influences job satisfaction and morale for this population will help academic health centers further support their research faculty as well as increase positive faculty identification with the institution.

Teacher Job Satisfaction and School Leadership by Saroya N. Pendleton-Brown MSA, Fayetteville State University, 2011 BBA, Baker College, 1993 AAS, Jordan College, 1991 Doctoral Study Completed in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education August 2019 The problem in a middle eastern school was the high annual rate of teacher attrition, which is above 25% per year. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to examine teacher perceptions of the attrition rates as they relate to the school leadership style at this study site. Herzberg's theory of motivation, which provides insights regarding job satisfaction, served as the conceptual framework that guided this study. The research questions were developed to examine teacher perceptions about administrative influences on teachers' job satisfaction and the programs and services they believe may enhance morale. A case study design was used to capture the insights of 10 purposefully selected teachers from the target school to conduct semi-structured interviews. Emergent themes were identified through open coding, and the findings were developed and checked for trustworthiness through member checking and a process to identify convergence and divergence. The findings revealed that participants preferred leadership styles that were supportive, and they placed a high value on teacher input. A professional development program was designed to educate participants on the connection between leadership styles and teacher attrition. This program may contribute to positive social change by guiding educational leaders to establish an enhanced learning environment that is responsive to the social, cultural, and ethnic differences of the teachers in the middle east.