Motivation för ledarskap styrs av värderingar, personlighet och tro på sin förmåga. Forskning har genererat tre motivationskategorier för ledarskap, affektiv-identitet ledarmotivation, icke-kalkylerande ledarmotivation och social-normativ ledarmotivation. Studien undersökte dessa tre motivationskategoriernas inbördes rangordning och skillnader mellan utbildningsinriktning och kön samt samband med generell self-efficacy och personlighetsegenskaper enligt femfaktormodellen.  192 studenter deltog från en mellansvensk högskola, därav 54 män, 90 från socionomprogrammen, 72 från det internationella businessprogrammet och 30 från två ingenjörsprogram.  De besvarade en enkät bestående av Chan och Drasgows Motivation to lead scale, Chen, Gully och Edens General self- efficacy scale och Shafers femfaktormodell Big Five Marker. Resultatet visar att det finns skillnader mellan motivationskategorier och utbildningsinriktning. Det finns samband mellan motivationskategorier och personlighet. Inga skillnader i self-efficacy mellan utbildningsinriktning eller mellan könen. Resultatet diskuteras utifrån behov av ledarskap i samhället, krav i ledarrollen, utveckling av individer i riktning mot ledarskap och utveckling av nya ledarmodeller exemplifierat med delat ledarskap.

By 2043, its projected that there will not be one single racial or ethnic group that would dominate the minority group (Tennessee Higher Education Commission, 2016). However, the number of Hispanics grew 230% from 2000 to 2014, representing an 8.6% of the national's youth (Tennessee Higher Education Commission, 2016). Hispanic population in states like California, New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona constitutes more than 30% (U.S. Census Bureau, 2016). However, in Tennessee, it only constitutes a 5.20%. Going further, in the Tri-Cities it constitutes a 2.34% of the population. Since states with larger Hispanic communities can provide a variety of resources, experiences, and support organization that a state with a small percentage might not consider in providing or may not be able to provide, this research tries to identify what factors influence individuals' decision to go to higher education. By doing so, we will be able to identify the areas that need more attention to better serve the population. To get this information, we obtained IRB approval to send our survey to ETSU Hispanic students. It is expected to see that the students whose parents have obtain an education past high school will be more encouraged to attend to higher education, than those whose parents earned less than a high school diploma. It is also expected to find that the student’s grit, hardiness, and motivation to lead will vary according to the grades that the students had in the United States, finally it is expected to find that students’ grit, hardiness, and motivation to lead will depend on whether or not they are a first generation student.

Given the strong focus of both organizations and institutions of higher education on leadership development, understanding antecedents to leadership motivation is a topic of great interest. This pre- registered study set out to investigate personality factors as antecedents to motivation to lead (MTL) and positive psychological capital (PsyCap). Additionally, the framework was expanded by integrating PsyCap as a predictor of MTL and mediator between personality and MTL. 258 business students served as a convenience sample for the cross-sectional study. The online survey included measures of the Big Five personality factors, PsyCap, and MTL. Several multiple regression and mediation analyses were conducted. The findings supported the proposed role of Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, and Neuroticism as antecedents to PsyCap. Additionally, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and PsyCap were identified as predictors of affective-identity MTL and PsyCap was found to predict socio-normative MTL. The mediation hypotheses were partially supported. The results imply that developing students’ PsyCap can potentially benefit their leadership motivation and help preparing them for future careers through making beneficial first leadership experiences in academic settings. As limitations are discussed, further research specifically investigating the role of cultural values is encouraged.

From 2000 to 2014 the number of Hispanics grew 230%, representing an 8.6% of the national's youth (Tennessee Higher Education Commission, 2016). Although the population is growing, the educational attainment does not reflect this growth. This research tries to identify what factors influence individuals' decision to pursue higher education in rural Tennessee. Intrinsic (grit, hardiness, and motivation to lead) and extrinsic factors (Status in the U.S., caregivers’ education, involvement in high school and others) were explored. Sixty-six complete responses were submitted to our online survey. Hypothesis testing with Pearson chi-square, difference of means (ANOVA and two sample t-test), and correlational analysis were conducted. It was concluded that regardless of the level of education, caregivers will motivate their students to pursue higher education. In addition, first generation students tend to showcase more grit than their counter parts and that the more education the individual has, the more they exemplify grit, hardiness, and motivation to lead.

Although motivation to lead (MTL) was characterized as stable, recent research suggested otherwise. This study explored the malleability of MTL and its predictors. Individuals with high affective-identity MTL are motivated to lead because they enjoy leading. Individuals with high social normative MTL are motivated by an obligation to lead. Individuals with high noncalculative MTL are drawn to leadership because they avoid weighing the costs and benefits of leading. Applicants to a California college were sent a questionnaire on MTL and leadership self-efficacy (LSE) (Time 1 assessment, N = 2704). Four years later (Time 2), participants who responded at Time 1 were sent a survey on motivation to lead, leadership self-efficacy, college leadership experience, and leader identity (LID) (N = 96). Results showed that participants’ affective-identity and noncalculative MTL have decreased over time. Leadership self-efficacy at Time 2 and leader identity at Time 2 were related to the changes in all 3 categories of MTL. Only specific college leadership experiences related to changes in affective-identity MTL. Lastly, leader identity at Time 2 mediated the relationship between affective-identity MTL at Time 1 and Time 2. Most high school students applied to college aspiring to be leaders, but only students who cultivate their leader identity should continue to be motivated to lead. Implications are discussed in the context of the construct validity of MTL, specifically for student leadership development in higher education.

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between pre-college activity participation and college leadership through motivation to lead and leadership self-efficacy, paying particular attention to gender differences. Undergraduate students from a liberal arts college were recruited two separate times via email before freshman year and during the spring semester of their senior year. The findings of this study reveal that relations between pre-college activity participation and college leadership are not mediated by motivation to lead or leadership self-efficacy. Furthermore, the study found no significant gender differences related to motivation to lead or leadership self-efficacy. However, the findings of this study support previous claims that gender plays a strong role in activity participation (Buser, 1980; Kezar & Moriarty, 2000; Medley, 1982; Morris & Starrfield, 1982). In this study, females participated in high school activities significantly more than males, but males participated in college activities significantly more than females. Participants had more motivation to lead before attending college but no differences were found in their leadership self-efficacy between pre-college activity participation and college activity participation. In summary, this information could be useful for high schools and universities to increase the quality, not quantity, of out-of-class activities and further student engagement and leadership for both males and females.

This study explored the links between leadership style, leader personality, and motivation to lead, with employee engagement. Transformational leadership, transactional leadership, and abusive supervision styles were examined in relation to levels of employee engagement via a sample of n=195 employees and n=130 managers. Consistent with findings from Christian, Garza, and Slaughter (2011), transformational leadership showed a positive link to employee engagement (r= .38, p< .05). On the opposite end, abusive supervision was negatively related to employee engagement (r= -.27, p< .05). Contingent reward leadership showed a positive link to employee engagement (r= .32, p< .05). Relationships between personality and leadership style were framed according to the socioanalytic framework (Hogan & Shelton, 1998). This study did not find any significant differences in the relationships between the expected leadership behaviors and the traits directed at "getting along" with others vs. "getting ahead" to achieve power and status. Motivation to lead (Chan & Drasgow, 2001) was expected to moderate the relationships between leader personality and leadership style; however, these predictions were not supported in this study. Future directions for research, including other individual difference variables that may predict leadership styles, are discussed.

Nuförtiden vill företag ha ledare som ansvarar för deras handlingar, håller fast vid principer och har höga standarder för integritet. Att hitta samt främja dessa typer av individer är av betydelse för företag då utbudet av denna sortens ledare är lågt. Detta gör det viktigt att studera vad det är som motiverar unga vuxna till att bli ledare. Det räcker inte att ha kunskap om hur en ledare ska vara utan även motivationen att bli ledare är av stor vikt. Utan motivationen som behövs för att delta i processen att bli ledare, tappar individen motivation till att agera som ledare överhuvudtaget.  Syftet med detta arbete är att skapa förståelse om vilken inställning unga vuxna har till att bli ledare. För att uppfylla syftet har denna studie en kvalitativ forskningsmetod och med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer med tio informanter via Zoom. Ett bekvämlighetsurval utnyttjades för att hitta unga vuxna som var villiga att delta i studien, detta på grund av omständigheterna med COVID-19. Studien har tillämpat en abduktiv forskningsansats. Studiens resultat indikerar på att aspekter såsom sociala normer, rädsla för att misslyckas, lön, tilltro till sin egen förmåga och ledarskapserfarenheter påverkar unga vuxnas inställning till ledarroller. Majoriteten av informanterna som intervjuades kan tänka sig att anta en ledarroll beroende på ovanstående aspekter. Tveksamheterna informanterna känner, baserar sig framförallt på det ansvar som ledarroller medför. Motståndskraften till deras ledaridentitet är individbaserat mot de motgångar som kan uppstå. Informanterna stärker sin tilltro till sin egna förmåga och TLF och behöver inte utveckla en ny ledaridentitet inför varje ledarroll om de har flera ledarroller över en kort period, eller en ledarroll över en längre tid.

Syftet med denna studie är att identifiera vilka faktorer som påverkar motivationen hos universitetsstudenter att vilja eller inte vilja bli en ledare. Genom att undersöka vad som motiverar universitetsstudenter att bli ledare kan vi skapa en bredare förståelse för vilka faktorer som spelar in i viljan att bli en ledare. Utifrån teorier om motivation att leda (MTL) och den intelligenta karriären (ICF) har vi undersökt universitetsstudenters tankar kring varför eller varför inte de anser att de passar som en ledare, genom att utgå från fem faktorer: personlighetsdrag, erfarenhet, värderingar, självförtroende och relationer. För att besvara frågan om vad som motiverar universitetsstudenter att bli ledare utförde vi en kvalitativ studie, genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med 10 universitetsstudenter från Campus Gotland, där vi undersökte de olika faktorerna kopplade till teorierna. Flera av studenterna studerar på olika program och utav 10 respondenter var det 6 män och 4 kvinnor. Enligt studiens resultat vill de flesta universitetsstudenter bli en ledare av någon form. De främsta motiven för individernas vilja att på sig en ledarroll grundar sig i deras personlighet, tidigare erfarenhet och påverkan från sina föräldrar. Vi kan se att individerna framför allt har stora likheter i deras upplevda personlighetsdrag och att tidigare erfarenhet av ledarskap påverkar individerna positivt till att vilja bli ledare igen. Bland de individer som inte vill bli ledare är ansvar en avgörande faktor. Dessa individer har tidigare ledarskapserfarenhet och vill inte längre bli ledare på grund av ansvaret det medför. Vi har därför visat att tidigare ledarskapserfarenhet inte nödvändigtvis behöver öka viljan att ta på sig en ledarroll, utan kan tvärtom minska. Tidigare forskning berör inte ansvar som en avgörande faktor, vilket enligt studiens resultat är avgörande för viljan att ta på sig en ledarroll. Genom att i framtida forskning undersöka sambandet mellan ansvar och viljan att ta på sig en ledarroll kan en mer djupgående förståelse kring vad som motiverar universitetsstudenter att ta på sig en ledarroll genomföras. / This study aims to identify the factors influencing university students' motivation to become leaders. By examining why university students become leaders, we can better understand the underlying factors involved in this decision. Using motivation to lead (MTL) and intelligent career (ICF) theories as a framework, we focused on five key factors: personality traits, experience, values, self-efficacy, and relationships. Through qualitative research, we conducted semi-structured interviews with ten university students from Campus Gotland, including four females and six males studying different programs. The results indicate that most university students aspire to become leaders. Their desire stems from their personality traits, previous leadership experience, and parental influence. Notably, individuals with similar perceived personality traits are strongly motivated to take on leadership roles again if they have previous leadership experience. However, some individuals who have previous leadership experience wish to avoid becoming leaders due to the responsibility associated with it. This finding highlights the significance of duty as a decisive factor in one's reluctance to take on leadership roles. Previous research has overlooked this aspect, emphasizing the need for future studies to explore the relationship between responsibility and the willingness to become leaders. By delving further into the connection between responsibility and the motivation to become leaders, we can better understand university students' explanations for assuming leadership roles.

Despite changes in the law and efforts by organizational diversity practitioners to expand leadership opportunities for people of color, there is still a sharp contrast in the ratio of white leaders to leaders of color. While much research exists regarding the diversity disparity in leadership, there is little research on factors that influence the motivation to lead. The purpose of this correlational study was to test critical race and leader categorization theories by comparing how the independent variables of white privilege, organizational belongingness, and racial stereotypes affected the dependent variable of motivation to lead of black American versus white American survey respondents. It was hypothesized that the independent variables correlated stronger for white Americans than for black Americans in predicting the motivation to lead. A self-selected sample of 179 adults, drawn from various industries in the United States, completed a voluntary, online survey. A quantitative, cross-sectional survey was designed to operationalize study variables and was adapted from existing instruments. Pearson correlations and a multiple linear regression aided in statistically understanding the variables' relationships. Results indicated that effects of white privilege and racial stereotypes had a statistically significant relationship with motivation to lead for black Americans, and organizational belongingness did not. Results also indicated that effects of racial stereotypes had a significant relationship with motivation to lead for the white American population while the other variables did not. This study has implications for positive social change by not only adding a sharper focus on the factors necessary for leaders of color to be successful, but also providing diversity practitioners a north star to change the leadership landscape.