En växande grupp inom organisationer är välutbildade individer, vilket medför att fler blir motiverade till att eftersträva kunskap. Idag använder många organisationer traineeprogram för att utveckla denna kunskap. En organisation bör kontinuerligt arbeta med organisatoriskt lärande där kunskapen skapas, fångas och delas inom organisationen. Ett traineeprogram kan då ses som en serie av sociala utbyten mellan traineen och en organisation där traineen får erbjudande att medverka i traineeprogrammet, vilket traineen återgäldar genom engagemang och prestationer. Ur en organisations synvinkel används traineeprogram för att försäkra sig om att det framtida ledarskapet lever vidare genom att attrahera toppstudenter. Huvudmålet med traineeprogram är att förse, behålla och förbättra de nödvändiga färdigheterna för att hjälpa en organisation att nå sina mål, samtidigt som programmet skapar konkurrensfördelar för organisationen genom att förbättra sin största tillgång, medarbetarna. För att behålla dessa konkurrensfördelar måste organisationen arbeta med motivation för att traineerna ska stanna kvar i organisationen efter ett avslutat traineeprogram. Om en individ har begåvningen men saknar motivationen till att göra arbetsuppgifterna blir det utan verkan i sammanhanget, då individen inte vill utföra arbetet. Därför blir motivationen en viktig aspekt i arbetslivet. Motivation är något som berör oss alla och det finns olika perspektiv på just motivation. Alla har inte samma prioriteringar och drivkrafter, därför har vi valt att undersöka vad som motiverar en trainee samt hur motivationsarbetet ser ut inom traineeprogrammen. För att få svar på dessa frågor har vi valt att göra intervjuer hos två organisationer, SJ AB och SAS institute AB, för att få en djupare förståelse och se hela processen från olika perspektiv. Dels från handledarnas synvinkel och dels från de som går traineeprogrammet och till sist de som är färdiga med traineeprogrammet. Studien bygger på ett induktivt förhållandesätt då den utgår från empirin och tar stöd i teorin. Vi har valt att använda oss av Herzbergs (1968) tvåfaktorsmodell samt andra teorier som behandlar inre- och yttre motivationsmodeller. Det vi har kommit fram till i denna studie är att den inre motivationen har en betydande roll för motivationen hos respondenterna. Utan en inre motivation drivs de inte framåt. En upprepande motivationsfaktor är arbetsuppgiftens karaktär då alla respondenter lägger stor vikt vid sina arbetsuppgifter. Ytterligare en viktig del i studien är att traineerna skapar ett stort nätverk då de är ute i olika delar av organisationen genom traineeprogrammet. Både traineerna och organisationen har användning av detta i ett senare skede, vilket är styrkan med ett traineeprogram. Ett bra citat vi fick ut i denna undersökning är - ”får man ansvar tar man ansvar” / Within organizations today the number of well-educated individuals are growing, which means that more people will be motivated to seek knowledge. Today organizations use traineeprograms to develop this knowledge. An organization should continuously work for organizational learning where knowledge is created, captured and shared within the organization. From an organizational point of view traineeprograms are developed to ensure that its future leadership survives by attracting top students. The main goal of a traineeprogram is to provide, maintain and improve the skills necessary to help an organization achieve its goals. The traineeprogram creates a competitive advantage for the organization by improving its greatest asset, the employees. To maintain these competitive advantages, the organization has to motivate the trainees to remain in the organization after a completed traineeprogram. There-fore becomes the motivation an important aspect of working life. Motivation is something that affects us all and there are different perspectives on motivation. Not everyone has the same priorities and motivations, and therefore we have chosen to investigate what motivates a trainee and how motivational work looks like in the traineeprograms.

An important technique for learning, feedback has been described as responses to students’ behaviors, tasks, assignments, and outcomes. In this study, the researcher used a new kind of feedback message called an Emotional Motivational Feedback Message (EMFEM). EMFEM is a feedback message which includes motivational strategies and emotional content for motivating and encouraging students to learn more and to focus on a specific topic. EMFEM is based on Visser and Keller’s (1990) motivational message design, which was influenced by Keller’s (1987) ARCS theory and emotional content strategies. Because EMFEM is primarily used in text-based, online learning environments, it is limited in its ways of adding emotional content to feedback messages. Therefore, three main strategies were used in this study to include EMFEM: using the meaning of the words; formatting the words by using colored, bold, underlined text; and adding emoticons. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of EMFEM in online learning environments. This exploratory research was conducted using mixed method single case study design (Creswell, 2005; Johnson & Onwuegbuzie, 2004; Yin, 2009) and guided by the following question: How effective are emotional motivational feedback messages in an online learning environment? Participants were 15 undergraduate students enrolled for an instructional technology course in a large state university located in an urban region in the southeastern part of the United States during fall 2013. The researcher used multiple data collection strategies, including a course interest survey, an instructional technology attitudes survey, open-ended questionnaires, a research journal, forum/discussion postings, emails, reflection papers and warm-up surveys. The findings showed that, in an online course using EMFEM, (a) students’ motivation increased; (b) students’ attitudes toward IT increased; (c) students liked the EMFEM and the style of the instructor’s teaching; (d) students had a closer and friendlier relationship with the instructor; (e) students were satisfied with the course; (f) students started to use more emotional content; (g) students enjoyed having personalized EMFEM and requested to have EMFEM; and (h) students reported positive overall experiences by the end of the course.

Bakgrund: Livsstilsrelaterad ohälsa är ett stort samhällsproblem både i Sverige och i övriga världen. Sjukvården står inför en stor utmaning att komma till rätta med de sjukdomar och det lidande som orsakas av en ohälsosam livsstil. Sjuksköterskor har en viktig roll i mötet och behandlingen av patienter som lider av livsstilsrelaterad ohälsa. Motiverande samtal är en klinisk praktiserad och erkänd metod för att hjälpa människor att ändra sitt beteende.   Syfte: Att belysa sjuksköterskans användning och erfarenhet av motiverande samtal i praktiken med patienter som är i behov av livsstilsförändring.    Metod: Metoden som använts är litteraturöversikt. Tio vetenskapliga artiklar har granskats och använts för att besvara syftet.   Resultat: I resultatet framkom två huvudteman. Det första temat, hur MI används, beskriver vikten av utbildning och hur utbildning i MI står i relation till det kliniska användandet samt i vilken utsträckning MI-metoden används. Det andra temat, erfarenheter, beskriver sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att arbeta med MI.   Diskussion: Diskussionen fördes utifrån Rosemarie Rizzo Parses teori om Human becoming och relevant litteratur.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Canterbury, 2008. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 263-313). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Title: Problematics of motivation and aggressivity in sports Objectives: Main target of my diploma thesis is to test selfdetermination of individuals participating in sports, their motivations and motivation factors which are connected to aggressivity, by using the questionnaire method. Methods: Datas for research were collected from quantitativ questionaire, which was a compilation of three standard questinnaires, their Czech version used in psychology. A questionnaire called Sport motivation scale - 6 was used to measure selfdetermination, a questionnaire called Percetion of Success Questionaire was used to measure the motivational orientation and a questionnaire called The Buss - Perry Aggression Questionaire was used to measure different dimensions of aggressivity. Results: Results of selfdetermination measured on sportsmen of UK FTVS prove the general hypothesis of high contribution of intrinsic motivation and very low participation of amotivation for any individuals participating in sports. Higherst values measured we got for integrated regulation, which is the most intrinsic form of external motivation. Results of motivational orientation of respondents show clearly dominance of motivational orientation toward the target rather than toward ego. The highest measured value of different forms...

Utilizing a well-established manualized alcohol-focused intervention, the Brief Alcohol Screening for College Students (BASICS), this study explored the efficacy of implementing BASICS in a small group setting for mandated college students. The study assessed pretest and posttest data over a two month period to explore whether participation in the small group implementation of BASICS was associated with changes in substance use and related risk factors (i.e., alcohol use, marijuana use, typical blood alcohol concentration, peak blood alcohol concentration, hazardous drinking, alcohol consequences, risky sexual behavior, and depression and anxiety), pro-social change factors (i.e., harm reduction, readiness for change, and student engagement), and coping behaviors. Repeated measures multivariate analyses of variance and covariance were conducted with a final sample of 52 participants. Multivariate analyses were examined with and without the use of covariates (baseline alcohol use and alcohol consequences scores) for substance use and related risk factors and pro-social change factors. Further exploration of substance use and related risk factors were conducted with the addition of marijuana condition. A final set of analyses explored fourteen subscales of coping behaviors. Given limitations surrounding small and homogenous sampling, results should be interpreted with caution. The main analyses revealed no significant differences between the intervention and waitlist control group for substance use and related risk factors outcomes. This study is unable to make a definitive judgment on the effectiveness of BASICS implemented in small group setting for mandated students; however, findings suggest that in a small group setting BASICS may facilitate a reduction in engagement with substance use behaviors and associated consequences but does not promote lower risk practices. The examination of the marijuana condition revealed that participants who endorsed marijuana use demonstrated higher baseline scores for alcohol use, hazardous drinking, alcohol consequences, and risky sexual behavior. Overall, further analyses need to be conducted to determine the effectiveness of BASICS implemented in a small group setting for mandated students. These future research endeavors may benefit from collaborative efforts to increase sample size and implement the intervention with more diverse student populations.

abstract: Correctional officers are increasingly being trained in evidence-based practices and the willingness of officers to implement what they have learned is crucial for organizational reform. Most of the literature in this area has examined officer attitudes about rehabilitation and punitiveness. Left out are additional characteristics, such as self-control, that may affect an officer’s receptivity to learn and implement new techniques. The present study examines officer receptiveness to motivational interviewing using 280 surveys administered to correctional officers tasked with both delivering and supervising program delivery to inmates within the Arizona Department of Corrections. Three broad questions are asked: 1) Are officer attitudes about punishment associated with receptivity toward implementing rehabilitative techniques? 2) Are officer levels of self-control associated with receptivity toward implementing rehabilitative techniques? and 3) Is the association between officer attitudes toward punishment and receptivity toward implementing rehabilitation techniques moderated by officer self-control? The results suggest that punitiveness and self-control both have statistically significant direct effects on correctional officer receptivity to training and that self-control does not moderate the relationship between punitiveness and receptivity to training. However, these findings could be due to limitations in the present study’s sampling and statistical methods. Policy implications and future research are discussed. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Criminology and Criminal Justice 2018

Orientador: Fátima Aparecida Cabral / Banca: Fábio Kazuo Ocada / Banca: Terezinha Ferrari / Resumo: A partir de meados da década de 70, a reestruturação produtiva desencadeada em vários países do mundo reconfigurou alguns elementos relacionados ao controle prático e subjetivo dos trabalhadores. Tais elementos se manifestaram em estratégias como a administração participativa, os Círculos de Controle de Qualidade (CCQs) e todos os seus congêneres com o objetivo de readequar a força de trabalho em torno das novas estratégias produtivas. Para quebrar a resistência dos trabalhadores quanto à implementação de tais elementos, foram desenvolvidas novas técnicas de cooptação de trabalhadores, dentre as quais se encontra o objeto deste trabalho: a motivação profissional. Para operacionalizá-la, tanto no contexto intrafábrica como extrafábrica foi criada a figura do líder motivador, que passou a ocupar a função de articulador da ideologia motivacional. O objetivo é arquitetar e colocar em prática mecanismos psicológicos de pseudo identificação entre trabalhadores e suas respectivas funções profissionais, na tentativa de motivá-los a adotarem uma postura participativa no processo produtivo de modo a ampliar a exploração da força de trabalho em nome da acumulação de capital. No entanto, a rigor, ao promover uma "motivação" fetichizada através de meras categorias abstratas distantes da realidade concreta, este tipo de ideologia só ampliou - e tem ampliado - a distância entre o trabalhador e o elemento que o efetiva enquanto ser genérico: o trabalho livre e autoconsciente / Abstract: From the mid-70s, the restructuring process initiated in several countries of the world reconfigured some elements related to the practical and subjective control of workers. Such elements were manifested in strategies such as participatory management, the Quality Control Circles (QCC) and all its counterparts in order to readjust the work force around the new production strategies. To break the resistance of workers in the implementation of such elements, new techniques were developed to co-opt workers, among which is the object of this work: the professional motivation. To operationalize it, both in intrafactory and extrafactory context, was established the leading figure of the motivator, who has occupied the role of ideology motivating articulator. The objective is to architect and implement mechanisms for pseudo psychological identification between workers and their respective duties, in order to motivate them to adopt a approaching stance in the production process in order to expand the exploitation of labor in name of the capital accumulation. However, indeed, by promoting a "motivation" fetishized by mere abstract categories distant from concrete reality, this kind of ideology only expanded - and has expanded - the distance between the worker and the element that effective him as generic being: the free and self-conscious work / Mestre

Resting frontal alpha asymmetry was measured with an electroencephalogram in 28 volunteers to predict the evaluation of emotions in music. Sixteen music excerpts either expressing happiness, sadness, anger or fear were rated by the participants with regard to conveyed mood, pleasantness and arousal. In addition, various variables of music background were collected. The experiment started with the assessment of current mood, followed by the evaluation of the music excerpts, and finished with the assessment of the participants’ approach and withdrawal behaviour. The results showed that each music excerpt was specic for the intended mood except for music of the category anger which obtained also high ratings for fear. These music excerpts were also the only ones for which a difference in ratings between relatively more left-active and right-active participants could be observed. Partly against expectations, left-dominant volunteers perceived music excerpts of the category anger to express more fear and anger than right-active participants. Results are interpreted within the behavioural inhibitionand approach model of anterior brain asymmetry.

Pediatric obesity is a major public health epidemic with serious physical and psychological consequences. Difficulty engaging families in treatment is a significant obstacle in addressing pediatric obesity, especially among underserved populations. Motivational interviewing (MI) is a collaborative, person-centered communication style that has been shown to reduce attrition, increase attendance, and improve patient treatment adherence; however, little is known about the process of MI and how it improves treatment engagement. This study examined clinician and parent language in a pre-treatment MI session that increased initial engagement in a parent- focused pediatric obesity intervention (N= 81). Results showed that increased parent change talk, and preparatory language in particular, was positively related to the likelihood of initial attendance at baseline. Additionally, certain types of MI consistent clinician strategies were positively associated with parent change talk. Complex positive reflections were correlated with preparatory language and overall change talk, suggesting this might be a particularly important MI skill. Findings have implications for better understanding the process of MI and mechanisms through which MI can improve treatment engagement.