This essay aims to examine students’ motivation towards the English subject in the upper secondary school and find out the difference between male and female students’ motivation in relation to different motivational factors. The study is based on a mixed – method approach and a questionnaire was used as an instrument in order to collect the data. There were 64 students included in this study, 35 males and 29 females. All participants study different programs, but are currently studying English level 5-6. According to the results, the most important motivational factor is the teacher’s support as well as the relationship with the teacher. Their own achievement in school and receiving good grades are also important motivational factors. The females are more motivated to study the English language while the males have more general motivation in school. There were some factors that caused lack of motivation, and the majority of the students agreed that difficulty, importance and interest affect their motivation.

Background: Lifestyle diseases are the leading causes of death, disability and healthcare costs worldwide. Despite advances in pharmacological treatment, lifestyle modification remains a primary treatment. For behavioral change, it is of great importance that a patient is motivated, as this helps them maintain interest. Primary care nurses can be the patient's first point of contact, therefore they have the opportunity to identify patients with risk factors before the onset of disease. Nurses' skills in motivating patients to make lifestyle changes are therefore crucial. Aim: The purpose of the literature study was to describe nurses' experiences of motivating patients to make lifestyle changes- in primary care. Methods: The literature study was based on 10 studies with a qualitative approach. Database search was conducted in Cinahl and Psycinfo. The analysis was carried out using Friberg's five-step model. Results: The analysis resulted in four categories and twelve subcategories. The four categories concludes "The nurses’ own prerequisites affect", "The patient’s starting point affects", "The conversation as a tool" and "The organization as a barrier or enabler". Conclusion: Nurses' experiences of motivating patients to make lifestyle changes are perceived to be influenced by both internal factors of the nurse and external factors from the patient and the organization as well as how the conversation is structured. By prioritizing disease prevention, the need for care can be reduced and a sustainable work situation for all healthcare professionals can be created. This could also lead to shorter waiting lists, faster care and a reduction in chronic, fatal diseases in society.

This study investigated the effects of motivational email messages on learner self-efficacy and achievement in an asynchronous college algebra and trigonometry course. A pretest-posttest control group design was used. Of the 196 initial participants randomly assigned to treatment groups, 125 participants with an average age of 18.21 years completed the study. The final control and experimental groups consisted of 57 (n=17 male, n=40 female) and 68 (n=14 male, n=54 female) participants respectively. Self-efficacy to learn mathematics asynchronously (SELMA) was measured before the treatment was administered. Email messages designed to be efficacy enhancing were sent to the experimental group weekly for 4 weeks. The control group was sent email messages designed to be neutral with respect to self-efficacy weekly for 4 weeks. SELMA and math achievement were measured after the email messages were sent in week 4. Analysis of covariance was performed using the pretest SELMA measure as a covariate to detect post-treatment differences in SELMA between the control and experimental groups. No significant differences were detected at the 0.05 alpha level. Paired-sample t-Tests revealed significant increases in SELMA for both the control and experimental groups over the treatment period. Linear regression analysis revealed a weak positive relationship between SELMA and math achievement. The findings are discussed in the context of the related literature and directions for future research are suggested. / Ph. D.

This study analyzes Norman Vincent Peale's bestsellers, A Guide to Confident Living and The Power of Positive Thinking, through the lenses of metaphoric criticism and invitational rhetoric. Invitational rhetoric includes characteristics such as openness, equality, mutual respect and reciprocal understanding. Metaphoric analysis includes the dominant categories of metaphors, their roles and transition across topics. The dominant tenors of mind and thought were identified, which shows consistency with Peale's main themes such as positive thinking, peace and faith. The meaning of the archetypal metaphors of light, water and sun are also discussed, along with the role of other metaphors in supporting invitational rhetoric. / Master of Arts

Very little empirical evidence exists linking the motivational traits portion of the motivational traits and skills framework to goal setting processes. The present study explored relationships between motivational traits, task-specific self-efficacy and self-set goal level during a computer-based task. Along with direct assessment of these relationships, we assessed whether task-specific self-efficacy mediates relationships between motivational traits and self-set goal level. In the current study, we also examined the ability of motivational traits to provide an increment in the prediction of motivational outcomes over currently accepted goal orientation constructs. Analyses suggest that the motivational traits personal mastery and motivation related to anxiety are consistent predictors of task-specific self-efficacy but inconsistent predictors of self-set goal level while competitive excellence entirely unrelated to motivational outcomes. Motivational traits failed to provide any significant increment in the prediction of task-specific self-efficacy over respective goal orientation constructs. Implications and future directions are discussed. / Master of Science

Bakgrund: Rökning skapar både ett fysiskt och ett psykologiskt beroende vilket gör vanan svår att bryta. En del av sjuksköterskans ansvarsområde är att arbeta hälsofrämjande och att använda sig av kunskapsbaserade metoder. En av dessa är Motivational Interviewing (MI) som är en patientcentrerad samtalsmetod som kan användas inom omvårdnad i syfte att hjälpa patienter till hälsofrämjande livsstilsförändringar. Inga tydliga riktlinjer finns dock för metodens effektivitet vid rökavvänjning. Syfte: Att undersöka forskningsresultat som stödjer eller avfärdar MI som rökavvänjningsmetod. Design: En litteraturöversikt användes i denna uppsats. Resultat: Resultatet sammanställdes utifrån den vetenskapliga litteraturen. Stöd framkom gällande rökstopp, minskat bruk av cigaretter, motivation, minskat röksug samt kostnadseffektivitet vid återfallsprevention. Avfärdande resultat framkom gällande rökstopp och kostnadseffektivitet vid rökstopp. Slutsats: Resultaten indikerar att metoden kan användas framgångsrikt om den anpassas efter de förutsättningar som ges gällande exempelvis patientens rökvanor och aktuella motivation. Mer forskning behövs dock. / Background: Smoking creates a physiological and psychological dependence which makes the habit difficult to break. Nurses are responsible, as part of their professional duty, to work with lifestyle prevention using evidence-based methods. One of them is Motivational Interviewing, MI, a patient-centered technique, which aims to help patients with health-promoting lifestyle changes. There are no clear guidelines regarding this method's efficiency on smoking cessation. Aim: To study the research findings that support or reject MI on smoking cessation. Design: A literature review was used to perform this study. Results: The results were extracted from the scientific literature. Support were found in relation to smoking cessation, reduced smoking, motivation, reduced temptation to smoke and cost-effectiveness on relapse prevention. However, rejection emerged regarding smoking cessation and cost-effectiveness on smoking cessation. Conclusion: The results indicate that the method can be successfully used if adjusted for the conditions given, for example the patient´s smoking history and current motivation. Further research is needed.

This study explores the use and effectiveness of motivational strategies with teachers and learners of Albanian and Japanese at the Missionary Training Center (MTC) in Provo, UT. Each teacher was observed three times using a modified version of the Motivation Orientation of Language Teaching (MOLT) observation scheme that was first used by Guilloteaux & Dornyei (2008). Learners were surveyed using an instrument from that same study. Teachers were surveyed using a modified version of the instrument created by Cheng & Dornyei (2007). Data collected from these three instruments provide insight into (a) the relationship between teacher motivational practice and learner motivated behavior in this context and (b) teachers' awareness and use of motivational strategies. The significant relationship found between teacher motivational practice and learner motivated behavior indicates that teachers' use of motivational strategies does influence learner engagement in this context, similar to results from previous studies. Although teachers were observed using some motivational strategies, they underused many other strategies because they lacked confidence, forgot to use them, or did not see how the strategies support the MTC curriculum. Training teachers to use strategies within the framework of MTC principles may help increase teachers' confidence in using motivational strategies, thus improving the teachers' motivational practice.

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Text in Afrikaans / The main objective of this investigative study was to determine the motivational strategies of sport coaches within the South African context. The theoretical investigation indicated that the setting of goals and feedback seem to be the two most popular methods used by sport coaches to motivate their athletes. Different motivational theories, as well as the possible role of these theories within the sporting realm, were addressed. For the empirical investigation the motivational theories elucidated in the theoretical investigation, were used as point of departure . A factor analysis of the gathered data gave rise to the emergence of four motivational strategies, namely reward, winning, a cognitive approach and self-confidence. An ANOVA procedure led to the following findings: Sport coaches show meaningful differences in their accentuation of these motivational strategies based on types of sport, gender and whether they have received formal training in Sport Psychology or not. No meaningful differences were found when institutions, qualifications and experience as sport coach were considered as variables. / Psychology / M. Sc. (Psychology)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T16:44:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana R F Costa.pdf: 12198692 bytes, checksum: 48c770d57225912ea4cd9a0aa97136f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-17 / This work investigated the contribution the main of the Analysis of Behavior applied in the development of the motivation to employees in the organizations. In this one also searched to write the principles of the Analysis of Behavior and the concepts of "establishing operation", the reinforcing - positive, negative, extinguishing and punishment. Moreover, the study it describes the theories of the human motivation in the organizations and bring up the motivational programs, when applied. It is considered that the motivation mobilizes the individual for the accomplishment of its activities and that practically almost all the conscientious behaviors are motivated or possesses a cause. If a person has an internal necessity of professional accomplishment in one determined area, will be generated a tension that can be revealed by means of an intense desire, an anguish that will bring an unbalanced and discomfort while it will not be carried through. The relation the Analysis of Behavior and the motivational methods in the organizations had been boarded breaking itself of the idea of that exactly complex the behavior can be observed, analyzed, controlled and investigated as any phenomenon. This study it s bibliographical, that the analysis of specific literature the areas of Psychology and Administration. On go the text, it will be deepened analyze of the question / O presente trabalho teve como principal objetivo investigar a contribuição dos princípios da Análise do Comportamento aplicados no desenvolvimento da motivação de funcionários nas organizações. Buscou-se, também, descrever os princípios da Análise do Comportamento e os conceitos das operações estabelecedoras, o reforçamento positivo e negativo, a extinção. Além disso, o estudo descreve as teorias da motivação humana no trabalho e mostra como atuam os programas motivacionais, quando aplicados. Considera-se que a motivação mobiliza o indivíduo para a realização de suas atividades e que praticamente todos os comportamentos conscientes são motivados ou possuem uma causa oculta. Se uma pessoa tem uma necessidade interna de realização profissional em uma determinada área, será gerada uma tensão que pode ser manifestada por meio de um desejo intenso, uma angústia, que provocará desequilíbrio e desconforto enquanto não for realizado. Foi abordada a relação entre a Análise do Comportamento e os métodos motivacionais nas Organizações, partindo-se da idéia de que, mesmo complexo, o comportamento pode ser analisado, controlado e investigado como qualquer fenômeno observável. Trata-se de um estudo bibliográfico, que tem como base a literatura específica das áreas de Psicologia e Administração. No decorrer do texto, será feita uma análise mais aprofundada da questão