As Práticas Esportivas Educacionais (PEEs), oferecidas em algumas escolas e em outros espaços, devem ser abordadas na perspectiva do Esporte Educacional, e a prática pedagógica dos professores deve ser pautada em ações que motivem os alunos e produzam autonomia, tomada de decisão e prazer. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar como ocorrem as Práticas Esportivas Educacionais (PEEs), a partir: a) do clima motivacional percebido pelos alunos participantes das PEEs; b) da percepção dos professores em relação ao seu papel educacional e motivacional nas aulas das PEEs; e c) do clima motivacional das aulas das PEEs. O estudo foi desenvolvido como uma pesquisa de natureza descritiva, com delineamento qualitativo e quantitativo, através de três delineamentos: 1) o clima motivacional dos alunos das PEEs, na qual foi aplicado o Questionário do Esporte de orientação para Tarefa ou Ego traduzido, adaptado e validado por Hirota e De Marco (2006), a uma amostra intencional de alunos do Centro Municipal de Educação Avançada - CEMEA de Uberaba - MG, entre 10 e 14 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos, praticantes de pelo menos uma das modalidades do PROETI (Programa de Tempo Integral); 2) a percepção dos professores das PEEs do seu papel educacional e motivacional, estudo que contou com a análise do documento norteador do Programa PROETI, entrevista com os professores do programa e observação das aulas em relação aos aspectos educacionais do esporte; 3) o clima motivacional nas aulas das PEEs, no qual foram observadas as aulas utilizando o instrumento Target como referência para verificar a orientação dada pelos professores. Os dados do questionário foram tabulados e analisados através do software SPSS-DATA EDITOR (versão 21.0 for Windows). As entrevistas foram gravadas, transcritas e analisadas segunda a Análise de Conteúdo (BARDIN, 2011). Para as observações, foi utilizada a técnica de \"Registro de Evento\" de Fagundes (2006) caracterizada pela contagem de frequência das vezes em que os comportamentos investigados se repetem, dentro de um intervalo determinado. Após a realização destas investigações, foi realizada a triangulação entre os resultados, visando a uma inter-relação entre os dados obtidos, com o objetivo de entender melhor o fenômeno estudado. Participaram do Estudo 1, 118 praticantes de modalidades esportivas, cujos resultados demonstraram que o clima motivacional deles é orientado para a tarefa. No Estudo 2, o documento norteador do PROETI aponta para o ensino do Esporte Educacional com o objetivo de formação; os professores motivam seus alunos através de atividades recreativas, percebem a motivação dos alunos pelas suas atitudes, utilizam um padrão tradicional de aula e, embora trabalhem aspectos educacionais nas aulas, não conseguem identificá-los na prática; e as atividades propostas enfocam, principalmente, o princípio da corresponsabilidade. No Estudo 3, verificamos que o clima motivacional das aulas é orientado para a aprendizagem. Concluímos que, embora, o documento norteador do projeto, os alunos e as aulas apontem para uma mesma orientação, no caso para a tarefa ou aprendizagem, os professores não têm muita consciência de sua ação no ensino do Esporte Educacional / The Educational Sports Practices program (PEEs), offered in some schools and other areas, must be addressed according to the Educational Sports program, and the teaching pedagogical practices used should be based on actions that motivate students and develop their autonomy, decision-making skills and promote enjoyment. The objective of this study was to investigate how the Educational Sports Practices (PEEs) happen through: a) the motivational climate perceived by PEEs participants; b) the teachers\' perception of their educational and motivational role in the PEEs classes; c) the motivational climate of PEEs classes. The study was conducted as a descriptive research with qualitative and quantitative plans, through three outlines: 1) the motivational climate of PEEs students, in which we applied the Task and Ego Orientation in Sports Questionnaire, translated, adapted and validated by Hirota & De Marco (2006), to an intentional sample of students from the Municipal Center of Advanced Education - CEMEA - in Uberaba - MG, aged between 10 and 14 years old, from both sexes, and who do sports on the Full Time Program (PROETI); 2) the perception of PEEs teachers of their educational and motivational roles, which included the analysis of the PROETI guidance document, interview with the program\'s teachers and observation of classes focusing on the educational aspects of sports; 3) the motivational climate in PEEs classes, by observing classes and using the Target instrument as a reference to check instructions given by teachers. The questionnaire data was tabulated and analyzed using the SPSS-DATA EDITOR software (version 21.0 for Windows). Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed according to Content Analysis (Bardin, 2011). In the observations we used the \"Event Log\" technique by Fagundes (2006) which is characterized by the frequency count of the times the investigated behavior is repeated at given intervals. After conducting these investigations, triangulation of the results was performed aiming at an interrelationship between the data obtained in order to better understand the phenomenon studied. Study 1 results showed that the motivational climate of the 118 sports participants in it is task-oriented. In Study 2, the PROETI guidance document aims at Educational Sports for teachers\' formation; teachers motivate their students through recreational activities, realize students\' motivation by their attitudes, use a traditional standard class model, and, although they work educational aspects in class, they cannot identify these aspect in practice; and the proposed activities focus mainly on the principle of coresponsibility. In Study 3, we find that the motivational climate of the classes is learning oriented. It is concluded that, even though the guidance document of the project, students and classes point to the same direction, for the task or learning, teachers do not have much awareness of their action in Educational Sports

Background: Self-help interventions can be useful in improving well-being and improving symptoms of low-level mental health problems. Goal-setting has also been found to be linked to well-being. In order to maximise the benefit of any goal related self-help interventions, it may be advantageous to consider for whom they may work best. Objective. The study aimed to replicate and extend previous findings relating to the efficacy of the Goal Setting and Planning (GAP) self-help intervention for improving well-being using an active control group to allow for a more carefully controlled test of GAP. In addition to this, the study aimed to examine the potential mediating effect that the intervention has via goal progress. Lastly the study aimed to investigate whether the gains in well-being associated with the GAP intervention will be greatest for individuals scoring more highly in ‘agentic’ value scores. Method. A controlled trial of 58 participants completed pre and post measures of well-being and were also led through a goal selection exercise in which they chose two goals to work towards over a five week period. Twenty-nine participants were allocated to the intervention condition which involved working through the GAP intervention in an online format to support their goal progress. The remaining 29 participants were allocated to the control group and were asked to work towards their goals without any further support. All participants were asked to provide goal attainment scores at the end of week three and at the end of week five. Results. There was no significant effect of condition on post-intervention outcome measures (p = .87, partial h2 = .02). Post measures indicated small but not significant gains in well-being across groups. Goal progress averaged across the two assessments did not differ significantly between groups. The conditions for mediation were not met therefore it was not possible to test for the mediating effects of goal progress on well-being. Lastly, moderation analysis showed that agency value scores did not significantly moderate the effectiveness of GAP in improving scores on any of the well-being measures. Conclusion: These null-findings particularly in relation to the efficacy of the GAP intervention were unexpected given significant findings in previous trials. However, the use of an active control group allowed for a more focused examination of the efficacy of the self-help components compared to previous trials. It is suggested that the goal-setting elements of GAP completed by both conditions may account for the small gains in well-being. Limitations of the current study are discussed particularly in relation to the use of a non-clinical, mainly undergraduate student sample. It is also suggested that goal-based self-help interventions may have limited use in non- clinical student populations. Ideas for future research are made including the recruitment of participants who would potentially benefit more from an intervention to improve well-being such as GAP.

No description available.

INTRODUCTION: While research indicates that Motivational Interviewing (MI) is effective for reducing substance use, little is known about whether brief MI-based interventions reduce drug use in a primary care setting, or what processes impact outcomes. Mixed findings in MI process studies have led investigators to call for research exploring alternative process variables that may predict outcomes. The current study is a secondary data analysis using coded audio-recordings from a randomized controlled trial that tested the efficacy of two brief MI-based interventions as part of the `Assessing Screening Plus brief Intervention's Resulting Efficacy to stop drug use' (ASPIRE) trial. It was hypothesized that skill in affirming clients and enhancing self-efficacy (also assessed as a composite self-enhancement variable) would be associated with lower frequency of drug use at 6 weeks and 6 months after controlling for baseline drug use and indicators of general MI proficiency. METHODS: Audio-recordings from two intervention conditions [Enhanced Motivational Intervention (EMI; N=176) and Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI; N=174)] were coded with behavior counts and global interventionist skill ratings using an established coding system for MI and a study-specific coding manual. A series of negative binomial regression models were conducted that were stratified by intervention due to the different goals and characteristics of the two interventions. Secondary and tertiary analyses examined moderators including MI Spirit and patient baseline ratings of self-efficacy. RESULTS: There were no significant findings for the main effects models (Incidence Rate Ratio range .71-1.29). Only patient self-efficacy moderated the relationship between self-enhancement composite and 6 week outcome in the BNI condition; Self-enhancement composite was associated with lower frequency of drug use at 6 weeks in the BNI condition for those with low self-efficacy at baseline. Discussion: Overall, the results provided little support for the view that therapist skill in affirmation or enhancing self-efficacy was predictive of drug use outcomes in one-session interventions in primary care. The restricted range of interventionist skill ratings may account, in part, for these intervention process findings. Future work should explore the role of these interventionist variables on proximal indicators of change (i.e., intention) and drug use in MI-based interventions with demonstrated efficacy.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-24T04:18:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertacaoCompleta PDF.pdf: 2478045 bytes, checksum: db7514b422c0fc08adefe772014913e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-11-25 / In the current context of the age of knowledge one of the biggest challenges faced for the organizations it is to manage the tacit knowledge. Some unsatisfactory initiatives have presented resulted and the returns of the investments have not been the waited one for the organizations. To manage the knowledge is basic to keep the competitiveness in a market each more demanding time, where, to add new values to the product it depends, basically, of an efficient management of the intellectual assets. But, as to manage the knowledge that is in the head of the people? How to motivate them it the sharing? To answer to these questions, the study it understood a supported theoretical referencial in management of the knowledge, internal marketing and corporative vestibules. The quantitative, descriptive research and of field was carried through in the SERPRO and counted on the opinion of 55 managers of the knowledge. The result was the identification of the necessary subsidies for elaboration of programs that allow to measure and to implement practical of recognition and rewards aiming at to to improve sharing of the enterprise knowledge. One presents a proposal for the construction of strategical and operational a panel of pointers, making possible the application of objective criteria in the awarding process and rewards. It is concluded that only the existence of a corporative vestibule is not condition enough to guarantee the sharing of the enterprise knowledge, is necessary to develop practical adjusted motivations, together to its picture of collaborators, so that the tacit knowledge can be shared in corporative vestibules. / No contexto atual da era do conhecimento um dos maiores desafios enfrentados pelas organiza????es ?? o de gerir o conhecimento t??cito. Algumas iniciativas t??m apresentado resultados insatisfat??rios e, consequentemente, o retornos dos investimentos n??o tem sido o esperado pelas organiza????es. Gerir o conhecimento ?? fundamental para manter a competitividade num mercado cada vez mais exigente, onde, agregar novos valores ao produto depende, basicamente, de uma gest??o eficaz dos ativos intelectuais. Mas, como gerenciar o conhecimento que est?? na cabe??a das pessoas? Como motiv??-las ao compartilhamento? Para responder a estas quest??es, o estudo compreendeu um referencial te??rico apoiado em gest??o do conhecimento, marketing interno e portais corporativos. A pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva e de campo foi realizada no SERPRO e contou com a opini??o de 55 gestores do conhecimento. O resultado foi a identifica????o dos subs??dios necess??rios para elabora????o de programas que permitam mensurar e implementar pr??ticas de reconhecimento e recompensas visando alavancar o compartilhamento do conhecimento organizacional. Apresenta-se uma proposta para a constru????o de um painel de indicadores estrat??gico e operacional, viabilizando a aplica????o de crit??rios objetivos no processo de premia????o e recompensa. Conclui-se que apenas a exist??ncia de um portal corporativo n??o ?? condi????o suficiente para garantir o compartilhamento do conhecimento organizacional, ?? preciso desenvolver pr??ticas motivacionais adequadas, junto ao seu quadro de colaboradores, para que o conhecimento t??cito possa ser compartilhado em portais corporativos.

Bakgrunden beskrivs utifrån ett globalt och svenskt perspektiv hur levnadsvanor påverkar människors hälsa negativt. Den vanligaste ohälsosamma levnadsvanan är övervikt och den ökar globalt samtidigt kan övervikt leda till sjukdomar. Vidare beskrivs motiverande samtal (MI) och vårdande samtal som kan vara en del i behandlingen vid livsstilsförändringar. Problemformuleringen beskriver sjuksköterskans roll i arbetet med patienters livsstilförändringar. Syftet är att belysa patienters upplevelser av motiverande samtal vid livsstilsförändringar. Arbetet är en litteraturöversikt, metoden som används är beskriven av Friberg (2012, ss. 133-142). Vetenskapliga artiklar från databaserna PubMed och Cinahl har granskats och analyserats. Resultatet beskriver att patienters upplevelse av MI innebär en ökad kunskap, ökad motivation till förändring och ökad fysisk aktivitet. Vidare beskrivs relationens betydelse samt en ökad livskvalitet. Diskussionen består av en metoddiskussion där styrkor och svagheter i litteraturöversikten belyses. I den avslutande resultatdiskussionen diskuteras huvudfynden av resultatet, till exempel att patienter upplever att MI bidrar till en god vårdrelation. Avslutningsvis diskuteras slutsatser och förslag på vidare forskning. / Program: Sjuksköterskeutbildning

I dagens samhälle rör sig människor allt mindre och detta är negativt för folkhälsan. Inaktivitet under en längre tid ökar risken att drabbas av bland annat hjärt- kärlsjukdomar, diabetes, övervikt och cancer. Detta är något som måste hejdas och distriktssköterskan har en stor utmaning i att arbeta hälsofrämjande- och förebyggande bland annat genom att använda sig av metoden FaR, fysisk aktivitet på recept. Tidigare forskning visar på att FaR ger bättre resultat än att endast få muntlig information. Syftet med studien är att undersöka distriktssköterskans erfarenheter av att arbeta med metoden FaR, vilka svårigheter och möjligheter som kan finnas. För att få svar på syftet användes en kvalitativ metod med en deskriptiv design. Författarna genomförde öppna intervjuer med sex distriktssköterskor i två olika län. Intervjuerna spelades in och blev ordagrant transkriberade. Resultatet presenteras under fyra huvudkategorier, arbetsstrukturens betydelse vid FaR förskrivning, distriktssköterskans förhållningssätt vid FaR förskrivning, MI som arbetsmetod ses som en möjlighet samt varsam interaktion med patienten för att ge information. I resultatet framkommer att distriktssköterskan har en viktig roll i att vägleda och stötta patienten vid FaR förskrivning och detta kräver intresse, erfarenhet och kunskap inom ämnet. Det framkommer även att distriktssköterskan bör vara lyhörd inför patientens egna tankar och att skapa en god relation med patienten ökar chanserna till ett bra resultat. Slutsatser som dras i studien är att det krävs tydlig arbetsstruktur, mer personalresurser, kontinuerlig utbildning och ökad kunskap både inom FaR och Motiverade samtal (MI) för att FaR som metod ska kunna tillämpas i arbetet. / Program: Specialistsjuksköterskeutbildning med inriktning mot distriktssköterska

Distriktssköterskan ska bedriva hälsofrämjande arbete både på individ, grupp- och samhällsnivå. Hälsosamtalet kan vara en del av distriktssköterskans arbetsuppgift för att nå fram till patienten med hälsoinformation. Syftet med vår studie är att undersöka patientens erfarenheter av hälsosamtalet. Vi har använt oss av kvalitativ metod genom att intervjua sex patienter, som deltagit i planerade hälsosamtal på vårdcentral. Intervjuerna spelades in på band och texten skrevs ut ordagrant av författarna. Data bearbetades enligt kvalitativ innehållsanalys och genom det framkom då tre kategorier. Att få stöd till livsstilsförändringar, Att bli motiverad till att ta eget ansvar för sin hälsa, Att ha behov av ytterligare stöd och fyra underkategorier. Resultatet visar, att genom hälsosamtalet får patienterna en ökad insikt om att de behöver ändra levnadsvanor för att motverka ohälsa. Distriktssköterskans kompetens och stöd gör, att motivationen till att vilja förändra livsstil underlättas för patienterna. Förändringen är lättare att genomföra om distriktssköterskan ger patienterna en möjlighet att återkomma för uppföljning. Distriktssköterskan får möjlighet att förmedla kunskaper om levnadsvanor på ett pedagogiskt sätt genom hälsosamtalet. Vidare måste distriktssköterskan vara medveten om att utgå från patientens perspektiv vid ett hälsosamtal, för att lyckas motivera till en förändring av levnadsvanor. / Program: Specialistsjuksköterskeutbildning med inriktning mot distriktssköterska

En av de vanligaste folksjukdomarna i Sverige är astma. Det finns många vårdcentraler som har en astmamottagning med specialiserade sjuksköterskor och läkare. Distriktssköterskan har en stor betydelse genom att erbjuda undervisning och ge god omvårdnad för att patienten själv ska kunna hantera sin sjukdom. Distriktssköterskan arbetar med olika omvårdnadsstrategier för att behandla och hjälpa sina patienter. Vid astma är egenvård av största vikt för att uppnå en god symtomkontroll och för patientens möjlighet att uppleva hälsa. Syftet med studien var att belysa vilka omvårdnadsstrategier distriktssköterskan använder i behandlingen av astma. I denna studie har en kvalitativ ansats använts och tio sjuksköterskor som innehar funktionen astmasjuksköterska har intervjuats. Två av dessa sjuksköterskor saknade specialistutbildning till distriktssköterska. En intervjuguide användes med en inledande fråga där informanten ombads att beskriva ett möte med en astmapatient. Analys av data har skett med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys.I resultatet framkom att i de omvårdnadsstrategier som distriktssköterskan utför finns en tydlig strävan att inge trygghet och kunskap till patienten. Informanterna betonar vikten av att skapa en god relation till patienten för att kunna förmedla kunskap, ge stöd och rådgivning. Enligt föreliggande studie kan det finnas belägg för vidare forskning inom området bemötande samt stöd och rådgivning riktat till patienter med astma. Studien kan ge distriktssköterskan vidare möjligheter att bli medvetna och reflektera över vikten av att skapa god relation. / Program: Specialistsjuksköterskeutbildning med inriktning mot distriktssköterska

This study conceptualises Chinese language-major undergraduates' motivation to learn a third language (L3) from a self perspective. Two overarching aims were adopted to guide the research: how learners' L3 motivation was formulated and reformulated over the course of one year of learning an L3 and whether classroom intervention could help learners to construct their L3 motivation. This research adopted a longitudinal case study design and was situated in a state university in China. Students who had chosen to learn an L3 as their major and English majors who were required to learn an L3 participated in the research. To achieve the two principal research aims, the data collection process was divided into two phases. The goal of the first phase was to explore the development of my participants' L3 motivation without any intervention. Qualitative research methods were employed during this phase and data were gathered from open questionnaires, interviews, class observation and written journals. In the second phase, an intervention was carried out to explore how to construct my participants' ideal L3 selves. A quasi-experimental design was employed and mixed methods were adopted. Analysis was primarily guided by the L2 Motivational Self System and was carried out at both at class level and individual level. At a class level, findings suggest that both L3 majors' and English majors' L3 motivation was mainly constituted on the basis of their ideal L3 selves, ought-to L3 selves and L3 learning experiences, which were constantly constructed and reconstructed over the course of learning. Notably, learners' motivational trajectories did not display a homogenous pattern at the group level. In total, six different motivational patterns were identified, three from English majors and three from L3 majors. It was also interesting to identify that a few learners developed a type of multilingually oriented motivation during their L3 learning. Data collected at the second phase of fieldwork revealed that the intervention was effective in helping English majors to construct their ideal L3 selves but less useful in the case of L3 majors. At the individual level, six cases were analysed in depth to investigate how the trajectories identified at the group level developed temporally and contextually. The analysis shows that the construction of these learners' L3 motivation involved a complex interplay between their future L3 selves and current L3 learning experience. It was through this process that learners explored the relationship between the L3 and their self-identification, and attempted to develop their personal meaning of learning an L3. On the basis of the empirical evidence, this thesis argues that the construction of learners' L3 motivation hinges on exploration of the position of the L3 in their self-identification, and that class intervention might help learners to realise the importance of learning an L3 by helping them to develop their ideal L3 selves, at least in the case of non-L3-major students. Moreover, this study suggests that it is crucial for L3 learners in China to recognise the value of being multilingual, which plays an essential role in constructing their L3 selves and sustaining their L3 motivation.