本文採用行政院衛生署國民健康局中老年綜合調查研究中，由家庭計畫研究所提出的「台灣地區中老年身心社會生活狀況長期追蹤調查－長期研究第四次調查」，來分析遺贈動機與持有壽險之相關性。文中利用1999年53歲以上中老年人樣本，以兩階段二元邏輯斯特迴歸模型來估計；第一階段先估計其遺贈的機率，第二階段再輔以其他相關變數對持有壽險作迴歸。 實證結果顯示當受訪者留下遺產的機率或已分家產的機率愈高，持有壽險的機率就會相對降低，且有顯著影響，這是因為東方社會父母會在子女需要時給予適時的幫助，子女也大部分會孝順父母，因此不需要以遺贈去購買子女的關懷，也就是利他性遺贈動機使然。 其他如有伴侶的受訪者較不會去持有壽險；對子女關心滿意的程度對持有壽險有負向且顯著的影響（非全部迴歸式）；子女數則對持有壽險有正向且顯著的影響；有無自有房舍、有無第二屋、有無金融資產、財務狀況四變數對於持有壽險皆有正向且顯著的影響（非全部迴歸式）；從事公職對於持有壽險有負向且非常顯著的影響；有無公保與有無勞保兩變數對持有壽險有負向且顯著的影響（非全部迴歸式）；教育年限對持有壽險有正向且顯著的影響（非全部迴歸式）；年齡則對持有壽險有負向且顯著的影響（非全部迴歸式）。 / This thesis analyses the relationship of bequest motives and life insurance ownership by the use of the Survey of Health and Living Status of the Middle Aged and Elderly in Taiwan conducted by the Center for Population and Health Survey Research, Bureau of Health Promotion, Department of Health, Taiwan. We use two stage binary logistic model and samples above 53 years old in 1999 to regress. In the first stage we estimate the probability of leaving bequest or division; in the second one we use this probability and other related variables to regress on the variable of life insurance ownership. The results show that the higher the probability of leaving bequest or division, the lower the probability of life insurance ownership. The effect is negative and significant. This is because parents help their children when they are in need, and children are always filial to their parents in the east. Thus there is no need to leave bequest to purchase attention from their children. This is so called “altruistic bequest motive.” Other variables like having a spouse, satisfaction with attention from their children, public employment, government insurance for public servants, labor insurance and age have negative and significant effects on life insurance ownership. The number of children, having their own house, second house, financial assets, financial condition and education have positive and significant effects on life insurance ownership. Other variables like having a spouse, satisfaction with attention from their children, public employment, government insurance for public servants, labor insurance and age have negative and significant effects on life insurance ownership. The number of children, having their own house, second house, financial assets, financial condition and education have positive and significant effects on life insurance ownership.

Pedagogues are the basic supplies that help to reach good resulte in educational system. The guality of teaching usually judged by that how effectively pedagogues give educational services. There is a direct connection between pedagogue’s competence and educational services – the higher level of competence is the better guality of service is reached. The educational system should be coustantly changing and improving as economic, social, technological and low conditions are also changing all the time. It is necessary for our teacher to learn how to work in new conditions. Therefore it is important both to teach and to learn. This research work was done with the aim to investigate the peculiarities of pedagogues’s learning motivation, to reveal it’s main short comings, inner and outer problems and also to suggest possible solutions. The final work consists of 3 parts: the first part includes learning motivation conception examined in different the oretical aspects. The second part presents the analysis of pedagogues’ motivation as the factor of constant learning. The third part shows the results of the research and their exhaustive analysis. The received data has shown that unfavourable learning conditions, expectations which haven’t come true don’t encourage pedagogues to learn but having eliminated the established shortcomings pedagogues’ motivation will improve.

Darbe atlikta teorinė sveikatinimo paslaugas teikiančių specialistų profesinės motyvacijos analizė. Iškelta hipotezė, kad sveikatinimo paslaugas teikiančių specialistų profesinė sėkmė priklauso nuo naujų darbo būdų ir metodų taikymo, bendradarbiavimo su kitais specialistais galimybių.Anketinės apklausos metodu buvo atliktas tyrimas, kurio tikslas – atskleisti sveikatinimo paslaugas teikiančių specialistų profesinės motyvacijos veiklai modeliavimo galimybes ugdymo ir darbo įstaigose. Atlikta statistinė duomenų analizė. / It was hypothesized that professional success of specialists giving wellness services depends on employ of new ways and methods of work, possibilities of collaboration with other specialists. The research was done by questionaire method. The purpose of which to establish motivation modeling for career possibilities in education and work offices of specialists giving wellness services. Also it was done statistical analysis of data.

Despite the recognized importance of leadership perception and individual differences in various cultures, our understanding of each of these variables is limited. The influence of fundamental cognitive styles (context dependent vs. independent) in different cultures and individual differences within culture has rarely been discussed. Current leadership perception research typically depends on surveys which cannot capture spontaneous responses that reflect both automatic and controlled processes. To better understand cross-cultural leadership perception, this study recruited two cultural groups (e.g., Americans and East Asians) and employed both qualitative (e.g., picture recognition tasks) and quantitative (Conditional Reasoning Tests) methods to examine the effect of culture and individual differences (power motive) on leadership perception. Findings and implications for future research are discussed.

L'objectif de ce travail est la généralisation, dans le contexte des 1-motifs, des accouplements de hauteurs construits par B. Mazur et J. Tate sur les variétés abéliennes. Suite à leur approche, nous considérons de ρ-splittings de la biextension de Poincaré d’un 1-motif et nous demandons qu'ils soient compatibles avec la linéarisation canonique associée à la biextension. Nous établissons donc des résultats concernant l'existence de tels ρ-splittings. Quand ρ est non-ramifié, celle-ci est garanti si l'accouplement de monodromie du 1-motif pris en considération est non-dégénéré. Pour ρ ramifié, le ρ-splitting se construit à partir d'une paire de scindages des filtrations de Hodge des réalisations de de Rham du 1-motif et de son dual. Ceci généralise des résultats précédents de R. Coleman and Y. Zarhin pour les variétés abéliennes. Ces ρ-splittings sont ensuite utilisés pour définir un accouplement global entre les points rationnels d'un 1-motif et de son dual. Également, nous fournissons des accouplements locaux entre les zéro-cycles et les diviseurs sur une variété, qui est fait en appliquant les résultats précédents à ses 1-motifs de Picard et d’Albanese. / The purpose of this work is to generalize, in the context of 1-motives, the height pairings constructed by B. Mazur and J. Tate on abelian varieties. Following their approach, we consider ρ-splittings of the Poincaré biextension of a 1-motive and require that they be compatible with the canonical linearization associated to the biextension. We establish results concerning the existence of such ρ-splittings. When ρ is unramified this is guaranteed if the monodromy pairing of the 1-motive considered is non-degenerate. For ramified ρ, the ρ-splitting is constructed from a pair of splittings of the Hodge filtrations of the de Rham realizations of the 1-motive and its dual. This generalizes previous results by R. Coleman and Y. Zarhin for abelian varieties. These ρ-splittings are then used to define a global pairing between rational points of a 1-motive and its dual. We also provide local pairings between zero cycles and divisors on a variety, which is done by applying the previous results to its Picard and Albanese 1-motives.

This thesis introduces two notions of motive associated to a log scheme. We introduce a category of log motives à la Voevodsky, and prove that the embedding of Voevodsky motives is an equivalence, in particular proving that any homotopy-invariant cohomology theory of schemes extends uniquely to log schemes. In the case of a log smooth degeneration, we give an explicit construction of the motivic Albanese of the degeneration, and show that the Hodge realization of this construction gives the Albanese of the limit Hodge structure.

The thesis argues that two ways in which we can consider empathy’s role in ethics are fundamentally flawed because they fail to take into account the myriad ways in which empathy can be affected and influenced by our motivations. I apply what I call ‘the motivation objection’ to these two views. This has three aspects: (1) reliability: because empathy can be affected and influenced by our motivations, empathizing does not always lead to the right results; (2) function: because it can be affected and influenced by our motivations, empathy is not sufficient for various functions; (3) circularity: because it can be affected and influenced by our motivations, empathy cannot be used to define or explain certain aspects of morality in a non-circular way. The two ways of considering empathy’s role in ethics are what I call constitutive views, according to which empathy in some way constitutes, or is the foundation for, morality, and instrumental views, according to which empathy is of instrumental value in morality. I apply the motivation objection to three constitutive views, two historical and one contemporary, each of which is a sentimentalist theory of morality with empathy (or sympathy, in the case of the historical theories) at its heart. These are the sentimentalist moral theories of David Hume, Adam Smith and Michael Slote. I then apply the motivation objection to instrumental views of empathy’s role in ethics, before defending one particular instrumental view, according to which empathy can play a positive role in morality when integrated with virtue, and the virtue of compassion in particular.

This diploma thesis deals with motivation of entrepreneurs to carry on business in the field of language education and motivation for development of business activity. The theoretical part of the thesis defines fundamental concepts of motivation and entrepreneurship as well as other concepts linked to the self-management of entrepreneurs. The practical part of the work focuses on research conducted firstly through personal interviews with the founders of language schools and secondly through a questionnaire survey of teachers of foreign languages doing business under a trade license. Data are collected based on this research and their subsequent analysis leads to the evaluation of business motivation and its comparison between these two groups of entrepreneurs. Conclusion of the work then includes own proposals aiming to increase the motivation in the business activity.

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Since the time of Johann Sebastian Bach many musical compositions have been written on the letters of his last name. In German musical notation, these letters are the equivalents of out B flat, A, C, and B natural. This study traces the use of this motive in works written for the organ throughout the past two centuries. The discussion in these chapters has been an attempt to illustrate the use of the motive B A C H in organ compositions from before the time of Bach up to the present. Time limitations required that this study limit itself to those works appearing in generally available editions.