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Motorik inomhus? : En intervjustudie om pedagogers användande av inomhusmiljön med avseende på barns motoriska utvecklingHagström, Anneli, Lellky, Caroline January 2006 (has links)
<p>Vårt syfte med studien är att undersöka hur pedagoger arbetar med barnens motoriska utveckling i inomhusmiljön. Vi använder oss av kvalitativa intervjuer med pedagoger i förskolan och skolans förskoleklass till år tre. Det vi är intresserade av är pedagogernas tankar kring användandet av sin inomhusmiljö med avseende på den motoriska utvecklingen hos barnen samt för att se eventuella skillnader mellan verksamhetsfälten. Våra intervjufrågor behandlar fyra huvudområden, användandet av inomhusmiljön, vilka aktiviteter som genomförs, förhållandet till läroplanerna och motorikens betydelse. Resultatet visar att pedagogernas arbetssätt i förskolan och skolan skiljer sig en del inom dessa ämnesområden. Vi gör även en litteraturgenomgång för att bygga upp förståelse för vikten av barns motoriska utveckling och hur den kan ses i samband med inlärningen.</p>
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Sport specific talent identification determinants and development of sprinting and long jumping ability among 10-15 year old children from underprivileged communities / Ankebé KrugerKruger, Ankebé January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D. (Human Movement Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.
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Exploring and identifying gross motor coordination deficits in children with dyslexiaPabreja, Priya. January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Delaware, 2006. / Principal faculty advisor: Nancy Getchell, Dept. of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences. Includes bibliographical references.
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Motorik inomhus? : En intervjustudie om pedagogers användande av inomhusmiljön med avseende på barns motoriska utvecklingHagström, Anneli, Lellky, Caroline January 2006 (has links)
Vårt syfte med studien är att undersöka hur pedagoger arbetar med barnens motoriska utveckling i inomhusmiljön. Vi använder oss av kvalitativa intervjuer med pedagoger i förskolan och skolans förskoleklass till år tre. Det vi är intresserade av är pedagogernas tankar kring användandet av sin inomhusmiljö med avseende på den motoriska utvecklingen hos barnen samt för att se eventuella skillnader mellan verksamhetsfälten. Våra intervjufrågor behandlar fyra huvudområden, användandet av inomhusmiljön, vilka aktiviteter som genomförs, förhållandet till läroplanerna och motorikens betydelse. Resultatet visar att pedagogernas arbetssätt i förskolan och skolan skiljer sig en del inom dessa ämnesområden. Vi gör även en litteraturgenomgång för att bygga upp förståelse för vikten av barns motoriska utveckling och hur den kan ses i samband med inlärningen.
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Die invloed van 'n intervensieprogram by 9- tot 12-jarige plaaswerkerkinders met ontwikkelingskoördinasieversteuring, geskoei op 'n geïntegreerde benadering / J.E. ErnstBotha, Jo-Anne Elizabeth January 2003 (has links)
Controversy still exists among researchers with regard to the most effective intervention methods
and the success thereof regarding DCD children. This condition is known to have different
underlying causes, which can influence the success of intervention programmes. It is indicated
in the literature that intervention of motor difficulties early in the life of the child, can improve
motor development and academic achievement and thus contribute to the total wellness of these
children.
The aims of this study was, firstly, to determine the effect of an intervention programme based
on an integrated approach, on 9 to 12 year old farm labourer children with DCD. The data was
analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, t-testing as well as effect sizes to determine practical
significance. A second aim was to determine the relation between underlying sensory-neurological
problems and the measure of success reached with the intervention programme.
This data was mainly analysed with descriptive statistics and in a qualitative manner. The third
aim was to determine the relation between fine motor manipulation skills and behaviour
characteristics as assessed by the teacher and the measure of success reached with an
intervention programme. This data was also analysed by means of descriptive data and in a
qualitative manner.
The sample of the investigation, on a farm in the North-West Province, consists of children of
farm workers between the ages of 4 and 12 years (n = 36) who were evaluated according to the
Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC) test (Henderson & Sugden, 1992) to
determine their DCD status. Eight children (5 girls and 3 boys) were classified with DCD. One
girl was identified in the 9 to 10 year old group, and 5 boys and 2 girls (n = 7) were in the 1 l to
12 year old group. These children were also evaluated on the "Sensory-Neurological Screening
test" (Auxter et al., 2001), the ''Qwck Neurological Screening test" (Mutti et al., 1978), and the
"Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor proficiency" (Bruininks, 1978) in order to determine the
possible underlying causes of their problems on which the content of the intervention programme
was based. The MABC Checklist (Henderson & Sugden, 1992) was used to determine the
children's fine motor manipulation skills as well as their behaviour characteristics as assessed by
their teachers. The children were tested eight weeks prior to (PREI), and again just before the
programme started (PRE2) in order to determine the effect of maturation. Immediately after the
intervention programme of 8 weeks, twice a week for 45 minutes was completed, they were
tested (POSTI) to determine the effect of the programme, and two months (RTI) and nine
months (RT2) later they were re-tested to determine the long term effect of the programme. The
intervention programme consists of perceptual-motor, sensory integration and task-specific
components.
With regard to the first aim of the study, the results indicated that the intervention programme
had a positive effect on two of the children, while no effect was noticed on the problems of one,
and three of them regressed. The results indicated that with a little modification the intervention
programme, based on an integration approach, could have a better effect. The results indicated
that each child has different needs, and that the underlying problems might be a reason why the
children reacted differently to intervention. However, fine motor manipulation skills increased
on the short term, while balance skills showed a long term effect. Further research to determine
the reasons of a child's problems, is recommended in order to establish the best method of
intervention.
With reference to the second and third aim of the study, the comparison of the children who
improved (n = 2) with those who regressed (n = 3), indicated that those who regressed after the
intervention programme, had more complex underlying sensory-neurological conditions. They
also experienced more problems regarding fine motor manipulation skills as well as behaviour.
They also showed poor bilateral integration, which was not the case with the other children.
Further research concerning the role that bilateral co-ordination plays in DCD is recommended.
From the results of this study, it is also recommended that intervention programmes should be
conducted on an individual basis in order to assure that the focus is on the child's specific
problems, and to ensure that the intervention has a positive effect. Proper assessment of
underlying causes must be done in conjunction with the MABC testing, because this will help to
determine the method that is selected for intervention. / Thesis (M.A. (Human Movement Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.
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Kineziterapijos efektyvumas judėjimo funkcijų atsiradimo laikui giliai ir vidutiniškai neišnešiotiems kūdikiams pagal koreguoto amžiaus rodiklius / Effectiveness of physical therapy on emergence time of motor functions with regard to extremely preterm and very preterm infants according to corrected age indicatorsŠimkutė, Vaida 08 May 2006 (has links)
Infants born prior to the term of 36 gestation weeks and 6 days are considered preterm infants. The number of preterm infants in Lithuania amounts to 5 – 6% per year. The most significant health problems of such infants in the neonate period are caused by immaturity of the organs and their systems. Knowledge of a preterm infant’s psychomotoric development contributes to early notification of disorders, more effective composition of problem-orientated corrective programs and monitoring of development progress. According to the reference literature, early application of physical therapy enables recovery of as much as 50 percent of infants and improvement of the condition of the rest. The goal of this thesis is to determine within which group: in the preterm infants (extremely preterm (born within 25-30 gestation week) or very preterm infants (born within 31-36 gestation week)), physical therapy has major effect for the emergence time of motor function. The objectives of the thesis are as follows: 1. Comparison of emergence time of motor functions with regard to extremely preterm and very preterm infants within the same stage of corrected age. 2. Comparison of motor development of the extremely preterm and very preterm infant groups and within each separate group considering the gender aspect. 3. Comparison of motor development alternation of the extremely preterm and very preterm infant groups and within each separate group considering the aspect of applied surgical treatment... [to full text]
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Kudikių sutrikusios motorinės raidos kaita taikant kineziterapiją / Change of motor development of an infant when applying kinesiotherapyMaslenikovienė, Renata 04 August 2011 (has links)
Vaiko fizinė ir psichinė sveikata - šeimos ir visuomenės rūpestis medicininiais,
socialiniais, psichologiniais aspektais. Optimalus kūdikio vystymasis reikalauja tam
tikros aplinkos stimuliacijos, o tai ypač reikšminga, kai kūdikis turi gimdymo traumą,
motorikos raidos sutrikimus ar įgimtą negalią.
Darbo tikslas: nustatyti kūdikių sutrikusios motorinės raidos kaitą taikant kineziterapija.
Uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti kūdikių, turinčių motorikos raidos sutrikimus, motorinio
išsivystymo lygį pagal Miuncheno funkcinės raidos diagnostikos skalę. 2. Įvertinti
kūdikių, turinčių motorikos raidos sutrikimus, motorinio išsivystymo lygį, po 18
kineziterapijos procedūrų. 3. Nustatyti kineziterapijos efektyvumą kūdikiams, turintiems
skirtingus motorikos raidos sutrikimus: hipertoniją, hipotoniją.
Darbe buvo naudoti tyrimo metodai: 1. Refleksų tyrimas. 2. Raumenų tonuso
įvertinimas. 3. Motorinės raidos įvertinimas. 4. Matematinė statistika.
Tyrimas buvo atliktas VŠĮ Šiaulių ligoninės Vaikų ligų klinikoje. Buvo pasirinkta 99
kūdikiai, turintys motorikos raidos sutrikimus: hipotoniją, hipertoniją, distoniją ir
suskirstyti į 3 amžiaus grupes. Visų 99 kūdikių motorinė branda buvo tiriama ir
vertinama prieš kineziterapija, jos eigoje ir pabaigoje. Jiems buvo atlikta 18 KT
procedūrų. Gydymas truko vidutiniškai 2 mėnesius.
Svarbiausios kokybinio tyrimo išvados:
1) Įvertinus, kūdikių motorinio išsivystymo lygį pagal Miuncheno funkcinės raidos
diagnostikos skalę, nustatyta, kad jų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Physical and psychological health of an infant is a concern of a family and society from
medical, sočiai, and psychological aspects. Optiniai development of an infant reąuires
particular stimulation of environment and it is especially significant when an infant has a
birth trauma, disorders of motor development or inborn disability.
The aim of the work is to determine Change of infant's motor development when
applying kinesiotherapy.
The objectives: 1. To determine the level of motor development according to the scale of
the Munich Functional Development Diagnostics. 2. To assess the level of motor
development of the infants who have motor development disorder after 18 procedures of
kinesiotherapy. 3. To determine effectiveness of kinesiotherapy for the infants who have
different kinds of motor development disorders: hypertonia, hypotension, dystonia.
The follovving methods have been employed in the work: 1. Research of reflexes. 2.
Assessment of muscular tonicity. 3. Assessment of motor development. 4. Mathematical
statistics.
The research has been conducted in Public Institution Šiauliai Hospital Children Diseases
Clinic. 99 infants have been chosen at random who have motor development disorders:
hypertonia, hypotension, and they have been divided into 3 age groups. Motor maturity of
all 99 infants have been examined and assessed before kinesiotherapy, in the course of
kinesiotherapy, and at the end of it. 18 CT procedures have been performed for them.
Treatment has been... [to full text]
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Die invloed van sosio-ekonomiese omstandighede op die motoriese ontwikkeling van Graad 1-leerders in die Noordwes Provinsie van Suid-Afrika / Karyna le RouxLe Roux, Karyna January 2013 (has links)
It appears from the literature that the mastery of motor skills is essential for the optimal development of young school beginners' cognitive, perceptual, sport-specific and emotional skills. Researchers agree that the optimal development and mastering of motor skills occurs during specific sensitive periods in each child's life, and this is why it is important that children are provided with appropriate opportunities to develop these skills. The conditions in which a child grows up appear to be a significant factor influencing motor development during childhood. Environmental factors such as socio-economic conditions seem to play a role in the development of young children 's motor skills . Literature suggests that poor motor development generally occurs among children with insufficient areas for playing, and results from low socio-economic conditions in which the parents have a low income and limited resources. A large percentage of South African children are exposed to low socio-economic conditions that may consequently affect their development. The objectives of this study therefore were to determine the effect of socio-economic conditions on the motor- and object-control skills of Grade 1-learners.
Eight hundred and sixteen (N=816) (+0.39 sd) Grade 1-learners with an average age of 6.8 years from 20 different schools in the North West Province, representing five different school types (quintile 1 (low) to quintile 5 (high), participated in the study. The short form (SF) of the "Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency" 2nd edition (BOT-2) (Bruininks & Bruininks, 2005), as well as several subscales (strength and agility and balance) of the longer form (LF) were used to evaluate gross and fine motor development and divide learners into various categories of mastering. The “Test of Gross Motor Development” 2nd edition (TGMD-2), was used to evaluate object control skills and divide subjects into various mastered categories. The data was analyzed by means of analysis of variance correlation coefficients using the "Statistica for Windows" (Statsoft, 2012) program. The results were adjusted for height and age. Two-way frequency tables and cross-tabulations were also used to analyze the data.
With regards to objective 1 , the resluts showed that learners from quintile 4 and 5 schools, representing schools from higher socio-economic conditions, scored significantly better than quintile 1 to 3 schools in six sub-items (fine motor precision, fine motor integration, manual dexterity, bilateral coordination, strength and upper limb coordination) of the BOT-2 (SF) (p<0.05) while no differences were found in the LF subscales. Quintile 4 and 5 schools also received significantly better (p<0.05) scores in the SF standard score and percentiles of the BOT-2. The results indicate d> that the motor proficiency of learners from higher socio-economic conditions were better than those of learners from lower socio-economic conditions.
With regards to the second objective of the study, the analysis of the results indicated that quintile 5 schools performed significantly better (p<0.05) in throwing, hitting, dribbling, and catching than quintile 1 to 3 schools, while quintile 1 and 3 schools performed significantly better (p≤0.05) in the kicking skill. Quintile 4 and 5 schools also fared significantly better (p<0.05) in the object control standard score than quintile 1 to 3 schools. The group's age equivalent, according to the TGMD-2, was 5.5 years, and ranged from 5.1 years to 5.9 years, indicating a mean age difference of 1.3 years compared with the chronological age of the group. / MA (Kinderkinetics), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
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Die invloed van 'n intervensieprogram by 9- tot 12-jarige plaaswerkerkinders met ontwikkelingskoördinasieversteuring, geskoei op 'n geïntegreerde benadering / J.E. ErnstBotha, Jo-Anne Elizabeth January 2003 (has links)
Controversy still exists among researchers with regard to the most effective intervention methods
and the success thereof regarding DCD children. This condition is known to have different
underlying causes, which can influence the success of intervention programmes. It is indicated
in the literature that intervention of motor difficulties early in the life of the child, can improve
motor development and academic achievement and thus contribute to the total wellness of these
children.
The aims of this study was, firstly, to determine the effect of an intervention programme based
on an integrated approach, on 9 to 12 year old farm labourer children with DCD. The data was
analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, t-testing as well as effect sizes to determine practical
significance. A second aim was to determine the relation between underlying sensory-neurological
problems and the measure of success reached with the intervention programme.
This data was mainly analysed with descriptive statistics and in a qualitative manner. The third
aim was to determine the relation between fine motor manipulation skills and behaviour
characteristics as assessed by the teacher and the measure of success reached with an
intervention programme. This data was also analysed by means of descriptive data and in a
qualitative manner.
The sample of the investigation, on a farm in the North-West Province, consists of children of
farm workers between the ages of 4 and 12 years (n = 36) who were evaluated according to the
Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC) test (Henderson & Sugden, 1992) to
determine their DCD status. Eight children (5 girls and 3 boys) were classified with DCD. One
girl was identified in the 9 to 10 year old group, and 5 boys and 2 girls (n = 7) were in the 1 l to
12 year old group. These children were also evaluated on the "Sensory-Neurological Screening
test" (Auxter et al., 2001), the ''Qwck Neurological Screening test" (Mutti et al., 1978), and the
"Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor proficiency" (Bruininks, 1978) in order to determine the
possible underlying causes of their problems on which the content of the intervention programme
was based. The MABC Checklist (Henderson & Sugden, 1992) was used to determine the
children's fine motor manipulation skills as well as their behaviour characteristics as assessed by
their teachers. The children were tested eight weeks prior to (PREI), and again just before the
programme started (PRE2) in order to determine the effect of maturation. Immediately after the
intervention programme of 8 weeks, twice a week for 45 minutes was completed, they were
tested (POSTI) to determine the effect of the programme, and two months (RTI) and nine
months (RT2) later they were re-tested to determine the long term effect of the programme. The
intervention programme consists of perceptual-motor, sensory integration and task-specific
components.
With regard to the first aim of the study, the results indicated that the intervention programme
had a positive effect on two of the children, while no effect was noticed on the problems of one,
and three of them regressed. The results indicated that with a little modification the intervention
programme, based on an integration approach, could have a better effect. The results indicated
that each child has different needs, and that the underlying problems might be a reason why the
children reacted differently to intervention. However, fine motor manipulation skills increased
on the short term, while balance skills showed a long term effect. Further research to determine
the reasons of a child's problems, is recommended in order to establish the best method of
intervention.
With reference to the second and third aim of the study, the comparison of the children who
improved (n = 2) with those who regressed (n = 3), indicated that those who regressed after the
intervention programme, had more complex underlying sensory-neurological conditions. They
also experienced more problems regarding fine motor manipulation skills as well as behaviour.
They also showed poor bilateral integration, which was not the case with the other children.
Further research concerning the role that bilateral co-ordination plays in DCD is recommended.
From the results of this study, it is also recommended that intervention programmes should be
conducted on an individual basis in order to assure that the focus is on the child's specific
problems, and to ensure that the intervention has a positive effect. Proper assessment of
underlying causes must be done in conjunction with the MABC testing, because this will help to
determine the method that is selected for intervention. / Thesis (M.A. (Human Movement Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.
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Sport specific talent identification determinants and development of sprinting and long jumping ability among 10-15 year old children from underprivileged communities / Ankebé KrugerKruger, Ankebé January 2006 (has links)
As early as 1994, and with transformation in mind, the African National Congress
(ANC) identified the development of the previously disadvantaged communities in South Africa as a national priority. In so doing, sport, among others, was used in this strategy as a medium to improve and change the circumstances of people in disadvantaged communities. Sports development in disadvantaged communities is essential, if taken into consideration that without such further support of the sport talent of some of these children, the needs of these talented children cannot be met and their potential will remain undeveloped. Talent identification (TID), which is
based on scientific principles and forms the first step in sports development, still is
relatively new in South Africa. Historically, coaches used their own knowledge and
experience of the characteristics, which should lead to success in sport as well as
participation in competitions in order to do TID. To date, very little research has been
done on talent identification and development in sprints and long-jump, especially
pertaining to young boy and girl athletes, and in particular concerning athletes from
disadvantaged communities.
The first and second objectives of this study were to implement sport specific
athletics development programmes aimed at improving sprinting and long-jump
ability and to determine its effect on the abilities and skills of talented 10 to 15 year-old
girls and boys with talent for sprints and long-jump. The third and fourth
objectives of this study were to establish which kinanthropometric, physical and
motor components will play such a role in 10 to 15 year-olds that it can predict
performance ability in sprints and long-jump in girls and boys at this age.
The "Australian Talent Search" protocol was used to identify general sport talent in
the children (66 girls and 62 boys) who were identified for the study. The talented
children (19 girls and 21 boys) from the initial group of were then subjected to a sport
specific test battery for sprints and long-jump. The maturation level of the boys was
determined by means of a maturity questionnaire, based on the 5 Tanner stages. By using the Statistica and SAS computer programmes, independent t-testing,
covariance analyses, correlation coefficients, effect sizes, descriptive statistics as
well as a stepwise multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data with
regard to the above-mentioned objectives. A p-value smaller than or equal to 0.05
was accepted as significant.
From the results of the study it is evident that the development programmes
contributed to the improvement of physical and motor abilities and skills important for
performance in both sprints and long-jump in girls (n=19) and boys (n=21)
respectively. Among the girls, flexibility, explosive power, muscle endurance,
reaction time, speed, speed endurance, acceleration and long-jump showed
statistically significant improvement, while abdominal muscle strength and stride
length showed no improvement. Secondly, it was established that the development
programme contributed statistically significantly to an improvement in flexibility,
muscle endurance, 0-40 metres speed and long-jump ability in boys. However, some
components did not show improvement, among them explosive power, reaction time,
speed endurance, acceleration and stride length.
A stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the third and fourth
objectives. It indicated that, in respect to the 100 metres sprint, 7 variables, namely
long-jump, push-ups to the point of exhaustion, 7-level abdominal strength, 0-5
metres speed, ankle dorsiflexion, body length and age contributed 84.0% to the total
variance in girls. As for long-jump, 7 variables, namely 0-100 metres speed, body
length, 7-level abdominal strength, push-ups, ankle dorsiflexion, standing long-jump
and body mass proved to be the most important contributors to performance in these
items with a total contribution of 79% to the total variance. The fourth objective
indicated that average anaerobic power output, acceleration and body mass
contributed statistically significantly to performance in the 100 metres sprint in boys
with a contribution of 86.5% to the total variance. Horizontal jump, age and
acceleration contributed statistically significantly to long-jump performance with a
contribution of 81 5% to the total variance.
It is evident from this study that sport specific development programmes can
successfully be implemented on girls and boys at ages 10-15 in order to improve
sprinting and long-jump ability, regardless of poverty-stricken circumstances and poor infrastructure. Furthermore, the study brought to light that specific kinanthropometric,
physical and motor abilities exist which can be used to predict performance in sprints
and long-jump in girls and boys separately at ages 10 to 15. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Human Movement Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007
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