Plusieurs problématiques de gestion d’opérations peuvent être formalisées avec un problème d’optimisation discret. Ces modèles d’optimisation sont traditionnellement développés sous l’hypothèse que les données d’entrée sont déterministes, non impactées par des changements inattendus ou des incertitudes. Au cours des dernières années, le besoin en modèles performants, incluant des outils efficaces et permettant de réagir de manière optimale aux imprévus (perturbations), n’a cessé de croitre. En phase d’exécution d’un système, plusieurs événements imprévus (incertitudes) peuvent le perturber et le faire dévier de son parcours original voire rendre son exécution impossible. Il est vrai que ces incertitudes peuvent être considérées de manière proactive par le biais d’une optimisation stochastique ou des modèles d'optimisation robustes. Mais même avec des solutions robustes, des événements inattendus peuvent encore se produire nécessitant de revoir le plan robuste en cours d’exécution. Dans cette thèse, l’objectif est de prendre en compte ces incertitudes de manière réactive dans les modèles. Ainsi, une nouvelle méthodologie générique est proposée pour les problèmes d'optimisation de réparation / récupération. En considérant les solutions réparées / récupérées fournies par cette méthodologie appliquée à un plan initial en cours de mise en oeuvre, un décideur peut vouloir minimiser les coûts d'exploitation, mais aussi limiter les changements par rapport au plan initial. Le problème de réparation / récupération est formulé comme un problème d'optimisation multiobjectif, qui minimise des fonctions spécifiques relatives à divers critères de réparation (pilotés par les choix du décideur). / A wide variety of operations management problems can be formulated and solved as discrete optimization problems. Traditionally, these models have been mostly developed and used under the assumption that the input data are known in advance, not subject to unexpected changes, nor impacted by uncertainty. In recent years, the need for improved models providing efficient tools for quickly and optimally reacting to the occurrence of unexpected events (disruptions) has become a more and more important issue. In the execution phase, various unanticipated events will disrupt the system and make the plan deviate from its intended course and even make it infeasible.Uncertainty can be taken into account in a proactive way with stochastic optimization or robust optimization models. However, even with robust solutions, unexpected events can still occur requiring to reconsider the robust plan under execution. In this thesis, we are interested to cope with uncertainty in a reactive way. We propose a new generic methodology for repair/recovery optimization problems. When considering repair/recovery solutions for the initial plan under implementation, the decision-maker may want to minimize operating costs, but also limit the changes with respect to the initial plan. We formulate the repair/recovery problem as a multiobjective optimization problem minimizing specified functions for various repair criteria.

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The assessment of the environmental and social impact of companies could be a key lever towards amore sustainable society. The aim of this report is to develop a quantitative approach based onmulti-criteria decision-making methods for organizations to conduct a corporate social responsibility materiality analysis. Through a literature review, a knowledge gap was identified on practical methods to implement a materiality analysis that meet non-financial reporting requirements.Therefore, the features of such a method were identified and a method combining analytic hierarchy process and failure modes and effects analysis was offered. The method was then used within a company in order to illustrate how the method should be applied in practice and to assess its application. The analytic hierarchy process was used to determine the relative weights of three criteria: risk, opportunity and influence on stakeholders’ assessments & decisions. Assessment scales were created for three failure modes and effects analysis indices for the criteria of risk and opportunity: severity, occurrence and control. A unique value can then be calculated for each corporate social responsibility issue in order to identify the material ones. The application of the methodology to a company underlined a few critical factors to be further investigated, in particular the quantification of the scales used for assessment and the selection of stakeholders. / Bedömningen av företagens miljöpåverkan och sociala effekter kan vara en nyckelhävarm mot ett hållbart samhälle. Syftet med denna artikel är att utveckla ett kvantitativt tillvägagångssätt baserat på beslutsfattningsmetoder med flera kriterier för organisationer att utföra en väsentlighetsanalys av företagets sociala ansvar. Genom en litteraturöversikt identifierades kunskapsgap om praktiska metoder för att genomföra en väsentlighetsanalys som uppfyller icke-finansiella rapporteringskrav. Därför identifierades funktionerna i en sådan metod och en metod som kombinerar analytisk hierarkiprocess och feleffektsanalys erbjuds. Metoden användes sedan inom ett företag för att illustrera hur metoden bör tillämpas i praktiken och för att bedöma dess tillämpning. Den analytiska hierarkiprocessen användes för att bestämma de relativa vikterna för tre kriterier: risk, möjlighet och inflytande på intressenternas bedömningar och beslut. Utvärderingsskalor skapades för tre feleffektsanalysindex för kriterierna för risk och möjlighet: allvarlighetsgrad, förekomst och kontroll. Ett unikt värde kan sedan beräknas för varje företags sociala ansvar för att identifiera de materiella.Tillämpningen av metodologin på ett företag underströk några kritiska faktorer som ska undersökas ytterligare, särskilt kvantifieringen av skalorna som används för bedömning och urvalet av intressenter.

The Swedish Wind Energy Association (SWEA, 2019) reported the wind power project's total investment cost between 2017 and 2021 was over SEK 72 billion. They predicted that at project completion, the total production will be approximately 22.4 TWh per year. Due to project size, complexity, and long-term contracts commitments, almost all wind power project developers outsource some or most of their project activities to different subcontractors, after which they perform monitoring activities of the project process. Therefore, the pre-qualification stage and subcontractors’ evaluation become essential parts of every project. Most corporates and authorities are usually awarding projects to subcontractors with offers based on the most competitive price advantage. This approach results in high risks that can affect the delivery time, the overall cost, and the quality of wind power projects.This research paper aims to use a multi-criteria analysis to identify and select the most adequate subcontractor. To achieve the research purpose, a sample of five subcontractors nominated by a windpower developer were evaluated in a selection phase under nine criteria: (1) management capability, (2) product or service quality, (3) planning and capabilities, (4) quality assessment,(5) environmental management, (6) health and safety measures, (7) financial strength, (8) contract insurances and guaranties, and (9) cost. After the evaluation and the ranking of companies, a result of the most adequate subcontractor for the project offer was presented. At the end of this study, a comparison analysis was followed at the final stage which compared the method with a similar procurement approach used by one corporate where it showed that this paper’s method can uncover critical aspects with subcontracts which can alter the selection process.

Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Social and Clinical Pharmacy Author: Duong Thuy Linh Supervisor: PharmDr. Jiří Klimeš, PhD., MBA Title of Thesis: The budget impact and cost-effectiveness thresholds in the context of other criteria in reimbursement decision making of medicinal products KEY WORDS: cost-effectiveness analysis, Willingness to pay threshold, medicines, MCDA - multi- criteria decision analysis OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to provide a structured overview of selected criteria that are / may be key to adopt new innovative technology in the reimbursement system, based on a retrospective analysis of selected decisions of the State Institute for Drug Control. It was investigated the relationship between the individual criteria (and scoring results) coming from the multi-criteria analysis and the value of ICER and BIA, for these medicinal products entering the reimbursed system. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of selected legally closed, published and publicly available administrative proceedings of the State Institute for Drug Control in the period January 2020 - May 2021. A total of 20 administrative proceedings were selected for the final analysis, of which 12 medicinal products that were selected, entered the permanent reimbursement and the...

[pt] A ascensão do desenvolvimento sustentável como um campo de pesquisa aplicada tem sido observada em várias disciplinas. No âmbito da Agenda 2030 das Nações Unidas, o cumprimento dos 17 Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) exige a tomada de decisões considerando vários critérios geralmente complexos e conflitantes. Os métodos multicritério de apoio à decisão (MCDM) têm sido amplamente empregados em uma vasta gama de campos e disciplinas, incluindo a análise de decisão multicritério sobre questões de desenvolvimento sustentável. Mapear e analisar sistematicamente a evolução do campo de pesquisa cobrindo aplicações de métodos multicritério de apoio à decisão para o desenvolvimento sustentável nas últimas duas décadas pode ajudar governos e organizações nas transições sociotécnicas em direção à sustentabilidade. Assim, métodos MCDM para o desenvolvimento sustentável está emergindo como um domínio de estudo recente nos campos de gestão e políticas públicas. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo identificar e visualizar caminhos evolutivos e construir um roteiro científico com foco neste campo de pesquisa. Uma análise bibliométrica foi conduzida para avaliar todos os documentos revisados por pares recuperados do banco de dados Web of Science (WoS), cobrindo este campo no período de 2000-2020. A partir dos dados analisados dos artigos mais citados de um total de 3.473 documentos inicialmente recuperados, foi possível identificar e visualizar o mapa longitudinal da ciência de um campo de pesquisa em foco. As implicações para políticas contínuas e consistentes e pesquisas futuras são discutidas. / [en] The rise of sustainable development as a field of applied research has been observed across various disciplines. Within the UN 2030 Agenda scope, the achievement of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires decision-making considering multiple decision criteria usually complex and in conflict. Multiple criteria decision-making methods (MCDM) have been widely employed in a wide range of fields and disciplines, including multicriteria decision analysis concerning sustainable development issues. Mapping and systemically analyzing the evolution of the research field covering applications of multicriteria decision-making methods for sustainable development in the last two decades can help governments and organizations in sociotechnical transitions towards sustainability. Thus, MCDM methods for sustainable development is emerging as a recent research domain within management and public policy fields. This dissertation aims to identify and visualize evolutionary pathways and build a scientific roadmap focusing on this research field. A bibliometric analysis was conducted to assess all peer-reviewed documents retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) database, covering this field over the 2000-2020 timeframe. Based on the analyzed data of the most cited articles from a total of 3,473 initially retrieved documents, it was possible to identify and visualize a focused research field s longitudinal science map. The implications for ongoing, consistent policy and future research are discussed.

[pt] Na perspectiva de estimular o aprimoramento do processo de gestão da inovação pelas micro, pequenas e médias empresas (MPMEs) brasileiras e contribuir para formulação ou revisão de políticas públicas de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (CTeI) voltadas para esse segmento, a presente dissertação tem como objetivo geral propor um modelo para monitorar e avaliar a capacidade inovativa de MPMEs. A pesquisa pode ser considerada descritiva, metodológica e aplicada. A partir dos resultados da revisão bibliográfica e documental sobre os temas centrais da pesquisa, desenvolveu-se um modelo para mensuração e avaliação da capacidade inovativa de MPMEs, com base na integração de dois métodos multicritério fuzzy de apoio à decisão – Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) e Fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (FTOPSIS). Visando demonstrar a aplicabilidade desse modelo no contexto das MPMEs e explicitar seus diferenciais metodológicos em comparação a outros métodos de apoio à decisão, não combinados com a teoria de conjuntos fuzzy, realizou-se um estudo junto a 15 MPMEs participantes do Programa NAGI da PUC-Rio. Destacam-se como principais contribuições da pesquisa um modelo para mensuração e avaliação da capacidade inovativa de MPMEs, que considera a complexidade, subjetividade e incerteza como características inerentes a essa atividade, e um conjunto de indicadores compostos associados às três dimensões de capacidade inovativa contempladas no modelo proposto. / [en] From the perspective of stimulating the improvement of the process of innovation management by micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and contributing to the formulation or review of public policies concerning the area of Science, Technology and Innovation (CTandI), focusing on this segment, the aim of the dissertation is to propose a model to monitor and evaluate the innovative capacity of MSMEs. This research can be classified as descriptive, methodological and applied. From the bibliographic and documentary review on the central themes of the research, a model was developed to measure and evaluate the innovative capacity of MSMEs based on the integration of two fuzzy multi-criteria methods of decision support - Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and Fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (FTOPSIS). Aiming to demonstrate the applicability of this model in the context of MSMEs and to explicit its methodological differentials in comparison to other methods for measuring the innovative capacity of enterprises, an empirical study with 15 MSMEs participants of the NAGI Program at PUC-Rio was carried out during the applied phase of this research. The main contributions are a model for measuring and evaluating the innovative capacity of MSMEs, which considers the complexity, subjectivity, and uncertainty as characteristics inherent to these activities, and a set of composed indicators associated with the three dimensions of the innovative capacity considered in the proposed model.

The aim of this Thesis is to consider a methodological framework suitable to support a primary and primitive investigation and evaluation of the technical applicability and energy feasibility of a specific Energy Island model in Greece. For such purpose, the general concept and the potential applications of Energy Island are presented, and the present situation of the Greek energy sector and RES technologies in Greece are outlined. In order to attempt to evaluate the technical performance of a specific Energy Island model in Greece, a theoretical and hypothetical Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) process is developed and conducted. The methodological framework developed and applied for the present case study pertains to a theoretical decision-making process for the selection of the optimum Energy Island scenario in Greece amongst four (4) alternatives. As derived from the extracted results of the applied MCDA model, the hypothetical scenario with the highest annual energy production and the least environmental and technological issues ranks optimal for all the implicated stakeholders and is considered the most preferred alternative. This Thesis concludes that the perspective of the various applications of the concept of the Energy Island model has the potential to contribute to more efficient utilization of the available RES technologies in Greece, in order to accelerate the decarbonization of the Greek energy system as well as to assure the security of the system, by replacing the existing conventional fossil fuel generation plants with clean offshore renewable energy.

Despite currently having only one operational offshore wind farm, Italy holds a significant potential for the future development of this technology. The Global Wind Council placed Italy second in its ranking of the world’s 30 most attractive markets regarding the potential of future offshore development, attracting the attention of numerous developers. The characteristics of the Mediterranean Sea, with its high water depth, make it possible to develop mainly floating technology. Furthermore, the absence of severe weather events, present in the Atlantic and the North Sea instead, enhanced security and contributed to the reduction of investment risks. Currently, there are many new wind farms awaiting approval, as evidenced by Terna, the Italian Transmission System Operator (TSO), which announced that by the end of October 2022 the connection requests for offshore wind projects had reached 95 GW. This thesis aims to develop an approach able to compare several projects from multiple perspectives. Specifically, the thesis applies the Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis to evaluate and compare four floating offshore wind farms which are now in the permitting phase. The projects are located off the coast of Sardinia, one of the most promising locations in the Mediterranean Sea for offshore wind installation. The evaluation of the future wind farms is conducted using eleven criteria, each assigned a different weight based on the preferences of six stakeholder groups. The tool used to rank the criteria is the PROMETHEE tool. The results demonstrate that each stakeholder group ranks the projects differently based on their respective preferences. Finally, an overall ranking of the wind farms is derived, identifying the most and least favorable projects.

<p dir="ltr">Conservation conflicts, commonly defined as “situations that occur when two or more parties with strongly held opinions clash over conservation objectives, and when one party is perceived to assert its interests at the expense of another” (Redpath et al., 2013) are expected within the realm of public land management. Conservation conflicts have been an increasing issue worldwide as the consumption of natural resources can directly oppose conservation efforts. Quantitative and qualitative approaches have been adopted in similar studies to mitigate or resolve conservation conflicts. This thesis focuses on a 2017 conflict over logging in Yellowwood State Forest in Indiana. The Social Multi-Criteria Evaluation (SMCE) framework was applied in this thesis to examine economic, ecological, and recreational criteria from multiple stakeholders' perspectives and understand how a retrospective assessment can contribute to improved conflict resolution. The study follows four steps: conducting an institutional analysis, defining criteria and potential alternative scenarios, generating an impact matrix through surveys and interviews, and aggregating results for cross-scenario comparison. The design of these steps attempts to engage stakeholders in the decision-making process and increase transparency. The ranking results reveal a clear preference for the “Shelterwood Cuts” alternative, indicating that different actions may have been a better solution. Although the methodology alone cannot make decisions, it can aid the decision-maker in creating a solution to a conservation conflict by providing guidance and bringing attention to the aspects of a conflict that require change.</p>