[pt] Nas últimas décadas, vários fatores socioeconômicos têm despertado o interesse por pesquisas sobre casas inteligentes e sua relação com os moradores. Dentre esses fatores, destacam-se as mudanças climáticas e a preocupação crescente com questões ambientais; a longevidade da população mundial; o uso eficiente de recursos naturais e de energia; e novas formas de gerenciar a rotina diária e o lazer. Nesse contexto, o objetivo da dissertação é propor e demonstrar um modelo para geração e seleção de concepções de casas inteligentes baseadas em soluções tecnológicas inovadoras, utilizando-se a abordagem de Design Thinking e integrando-se diversas ferramentas de gestão da inovação, incluindo a combinação de métodos multicritério de apoio à decisão. A pesquisa pode ser considerada descritiva, metodológica e participativa. Quanto aos meios de investigação, a metodologia compreendeu pesquisa bibliográfica e documental; modelagem do processo de geração e seleção de concepções de casas inteligentes baseada em Design Thinking; estudo empírico para demonstração da aplicabilidade do modelo no âmbito de um projeto de casa inteligente no Brasil (Projeto NO.V.A.). Destacam-se como principais resultados desta pesquisa um modelo conceitual desenvolvido segundo uma perspectiva mais empática, que permite colocar as pessoas no centro do desenvolvimento dos projetos de casas inteligentes; e a melhor concepção de casa inteligente para o Projeto NO.V.A., proposta segundo a abordagem de Design Thinking, com suporte de uma plataforma digital cooperativa que envolveu cerca de 35 mil pessoas de vários países, e emprego do método híbrido AHP-TOPSIS. / [en] In recent decades, several socioeconomic factors have stimulated research on smart homes and their relationship with their residents. Highlights are climate changes and the growing concern with environmental issues; longevity of the world s population; search for more efficient the use of natural resources and energy; and new habits and ways of managing daily routine and leisure. In this context, the objective of this dissertation is to propose and demonstrate a model for generation and selection of conceptions based on innovative technological solutions, adopting the Design Thinking approach, and integrating several innovation management tools, including crowdsourcing and the combination of multicriteria decision support methods. This research can be classified as descriptive, methodological, and participative. From the bibliographic and documentary review on the central themes of the research, a model based on Design Thinking approach was developed to generate and select the best conceptions of smart homes based on innovative technological solutions. Aiming to demonstrate the applicability of this model in the context of a smart home project in Brazil (NO.V.A. Project), an empirical study was carried out during the applied phase of this research. The main contributions are a conceptual model developed from a more empathic perspective, which allows people to be at the center of the development of smart home projects, and the best smart home conception based on based on innovative technological solutions for NO.VA. Project, as the main output of a Design Thinking process, which included a digital collaborative platform and the use of several innovation management tools, such as a hybrid multiple criteria decision-making method (AHP-TOPSIS).

[pt] A avaliação e seleção de tecnologias de geração de energia elétrica a partir de fontes renováveis visa melhorar a eficiência nas decisões de expansão dos sistemas elétricos em geral, elencando tecnologias mais adequadas em função de seus impactos ambientais, sociais, econômicos, técnicos e políticos. Os processos decisórios referentes à escolha de tecnologias de geração de energia caracterizam-se por subjetividade, incerteza e ambiguidade. Os métodos multicritério de apoio à decisão, combinados com a lógica dos conjuntos fuzzy constituem uma alternativa adequada para a modelagem de avaliação e seleção de tecnologias em ambientes sob incerteza. O objetivo principal desta dissertação é propor um modelo de avaliação e seleção de tecnologias para geração de energia elétrica a partir de fontes renováveis, com o auxílio de métodos multicritério fuzzy de apoio à decisão. A pesquisa pode ser considerada aplicada, descritiva e metodológica. Quanto aos meios de investigação, a metodologia compreende pesquisa bibliográfica e documental; pesquisa experimental, com a aplicação de métodos multicritério fuzzy de apoio à decisão para hierarquização de alternativas tecnológicas de energia elétrica a partir de fontes renováveis; e desenvolvimento de um estudo empírico no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Destacam-se como resultados a seleção de tecnologias mais adequadas em função de seus impactos ambientais, sociais, econômicos, técnicos e políticos e a demonstração da aplicabilidade do modelo proposto. No caso do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, a tecnologia que se mostrou mais adequada, dado potencial de fontes renováveis, foi a solar fotovoltaica. / [en] Assessment and selection of renewable energy generation technologies addresses to improve efficiency in electrical system expansion decisions, by selecting technologies that are more appropriate considering some criteria, like environmental, social, economic, technical and political. The decision-making processes regarding the choice of energy generation technologies are characterized by subjectivity, uncertainty and ambiguity. Multicriteria decision support method, combined with fuzzy logic, is an adequate alternative for measuring and evaluating the performance of technologies in environment under uncertainty. The main aim of this dissertation is to propose a model for selection the performance of technologies for electric power generation from renewable sources, with the support of multicriteria fuzzy decision-making methods. The research can be considered applied, descriptive and methodological. As for means of investigation, the methodology comprises bibliographical and documentary research; Experimental research, with the application of multicriteria fuzzy decision-making methods for hierarchization of technologies for electric power generation alternatives from renewable sources; and development of an empirical study in the State of Rio de Janeiro. The results highlight the selection of the most appropriate technologies according to their environmental, social, economic, technical and political impacts and the demonstration of the applicability of the proposed model. In the case of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the most appropriate technology, given the potential of renewable sources, was solar photovoltaic.

I determined the preferences of mobile phone attributes on the basis of an on-line consumer research, which I conducted with a questionaire created in the Google Docs application. Thanks to the questionaire, I was able to gain information about the evaluation of the importance of 19 functional parametres made by the queired respondents. Through the use of this evaluation I counted the strength for particular parametres and various segments of customers. Differences in the importance of atributes for selected segments were found especially among the categories of age and sex. The teenage generation prefers Bluetooth or a high capacity of the mobile phone memory also in means of memory stics. Enquired young men attach the highest importance to the same attributes as teenagers, but for women in the same category is crucial particularly the visual image of the mobile phone, such as the size of the display, its proportions and weight. What did not have any success among the particular parametres, was the function of TV, which was put on the last place on the imaginary ladder of importance. I stated the recommended telephones on the basis of calculated stregths of the attributes, point evaluation of the experts and price of the selected mobile phones. Among the five recommended products I would like to mention telephone brands {\clq}qNOKIA 6300``, {\clq}qSONY ERICSSON W910i``, {\clq}qNOKIA 3110``, {\clq}qSONY ERICSSON W760i`` a {\clq}qSAMSUNG SGH i8510``.

O presente trabalho aborda o problema de localização de plataformas logísticas. Buscaram-se métodos de auxílio à tomada de decisão com enfoque multicritério. A essência da tomada de decisão multicritério é a escolha da melhor alternativa, a partir de um conjunto de alternativas competitivas que são avaliadas sob critérios conflitantes. Entre os métodos estudados, o Método de Análise Hierárquica (AHP), proposto inicialmente por Saaty (1971), foi selecionado como ferramenta de apoio à tomada de decisão. Ele permite considerar simultaneamente atributos quantitativos e qualitativos e, também, incorporar a experiência e a preferência dos tomadores de decisão. Foram ainda levantados os fatores determinantes para escolha de alternativas de localização para plataformas logísticas. O caso do ETSP (Entreposto Terminal São Paulo) da CEAGESP (Companhia de Entrepostos e Armazéns Gerais de São Paulo) foi objeto da aplicação do método selecionado. A análise do problema de localização do Entreposto da CEAGESP está restrita à Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. O software Expert Choice foi utilizado para a aplicação do AHP ao caso do CEAGESP. Após a discussão dos resultados, conclusões e recomendações são apresentadas. / This work deals with the facility location problems of logistics platforms, considering multi-criteria approaches for decision making. The essence of multi-criteria decision making is the choice of the best alternative, from a set of competitive alternatives, which are evaluated under conflicting criteria. Among the multi-criteria methods researched in the bibliography, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), initially proposed by Saaty (1971), has been chosen and successfully applied to the case in consideration. This method allows to consider quantitative and qualitative measurable criteria and, also, to incorporate the experience and preference of the decision makers. Determinant factors for the choice of location alternatives for logistic platforms have been considered. The case of the ETSP (Entreposto Terminal São Paulo) of the CEAGESP (Companhia de Entrepostos e Armazéns Gerais de São Paulo) was object of application of the selected method. The Expert Choice software was used for the AHP application to the CEAGESP case. After discussion of the results, conclusions and recommendations from the application are presented.

The real estate selection process might be regarded as a typical Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problem. With current literature concentrating predominantly on institutional investment decision making, additional effort should be directed towards studying inexperienced homebuyers who want to buy a property in which to live. In this context, authors have described the decision environment as a complex decision process with restricted access to property data, high financial burdens partially due to the illiquid nature of the investment, the unfamiliarity with the decision task and low transparency in information aggregation. Consequently, this situation could benefit from a more structured approach that assists homebuyers in their actions. In order to guide the decision making process and provide a suitable support mechanism, it is necessary to first structure the problem and extract the required information. A thorough literature review shows that little guidance is available for MCDM problem structuring. Consequently, this research first proposes an MCDM problem-structuring framework to decompose complex problems into smaller parts. Foremost, the application is intended for high-involvement consumer products and services. This framework is derived from MCDM and methodology literature, where the former provides the elements that need to be defined in any MCDM problem situation, and the latter suggests suitable data collection and analysis methods to obtain the information. As a result, the first contribution to existing literature is the introduction of an MCDM problem-structuring framework, which consists of a carefully designed sequential exploratory mixed method procedure. Next, following the proposed structure, the real estate selection problem in Majorca (Spain) is defined. Whilst providing the inherent problem elements and establishing a comprehensive list of evaluation criteria to assess luxury properties, the fieldwork also offers behavioural insights, contributing and supplementing existing real estate research. In particular, major misunderstandings and false assumptions during real estate agent and client interactions are observed, stressing the need to optimise communication and targeting strategies. On the basis of the relevant real estate evaluation criteria, a dataset of alternative houses is created and subsequently rated by prospective luxury-homebuyers. This provides the basis for the third research focus, the construction of a decision support model for real estate selection. In accordance to the problem features and model requirements, the Evidential Reasoning (ER) rule is identified to offer a powerful and transparent evidence aggregation process, with the potential to have a superior performance than other methods in addressing the selection decision. Due to the ER rule’s short history (2013), application studies in general are practically non-existing and unprecedented in the real estate domain. Therefore, the use of a modified ER model can provide the real estate literature with a prescriptive multi-criteria decision support mechanism, whilst simultaneously offering an application study for the MCDM community and other relevant decision analysis domains. In closing, modelling a real problem using the ER rule highlights the method’s advantages and might in turn increase awareness, leading to more applications.

Inköp och leverantörsval påverkar företags konkurrenskraftighet. För att behålla sin position på marknaden och skapa långsiktiga relationer måste företag välja rätt partnerföretag. Företag kan uppnå sitt mål med leverantörsrelationer med hjälp av begränsat antal samarbetspartner, rätt bedömning och segmentering av leverantörer. Inköpsprocess och bedömningsmetod studerades på ett fallföretag för att erhålla information om ett nuvarande läge som sedan med hjälp av teori kunde operationaliseras och analyseras. Detta görs i huvudsak med hjälp av Multi-Criteria Decision Making, Kraljic matris och inköpspolicy. Resultatet presenterades med hjälp av sex leverantörer. För att leverantörerna ska vara godtagbar skall alla ‘obligatoriska’ krav uppfyllas i inköpspolicyn och erhålla ett önskat läge i Kraljic matris. Nyckelord: Kraljic matris, leverantörsbedömning, standardiserad bedömningsmall, inköpsprocess, Multi-Criteria Decision Making, Analytical Hierarchical Process, BFP-Bedömningsmall för produktleverantörer.

Nos travaux sont menés dans le cadre des architectures logicielles pour des applications interactives dont le principe général d’exécution adaptative a été défini au sein du laboratoire. Nous nous plaçons dans l’hypothèse où une application interactive est contextualisée au moyen de situations. L’utilisateur exécute des actions dans le contexte de situations successives pour avancer dans l’application interactive jusqu’à atteindre un ou plusieurs objectifs prédéfinis par le concepteur. Au cours de son déroulement, il se peut que l’utilisateur ne puisse plus continuer selon la logique du concepteur à cause des blocages du système ou une insuffisance de données pour poursuivre la logique d’exécution. Pour y remédier, un système d’aide à la décision est indispensable pour permettre au système et/ou à l’utilisateur de faire un choix adapté au contexte pour poursuivre l’exécution de l’application. Nous proposons d’améliorer le processus de décision en utilisant les traces des exécutions précédentes. Pendant l’exécution de l’application, un système à base de traces (système de gestion de traces) va collecter toutes les traces générées par l’utilisateur et les traces d’activité (les logs) au cours de l’interaction avec le système. Les contributions de nos travaux se situent à plusieurs niveaux : la conception d’un algorithme à base de traces pour la pondération des critères de décision ; la conception d’un algorithme de détermination des alternatives ; la définition et la formalisation des logiques de choix de l’utilisateur (utilisation de la logique subjective) et du système (PROMETHEE II à base de traces) pour classer les alternatives et l’agrégation des différents choix pour suggérer à l’utilisateur un choix final à exécuter. Un cas d’étude Tamagotchi est présenté pour valider nos contributions. / Our work deals with software architectures for adaptive interactive applications. We assume that one application is structured with contextual interaction sequences called situations. Users perform actions in successive situations to reach one or more predefined designer’s objectives. During its execution, it could happen that the user cannot fulfil designer’s logic because of some system’s blockings or missing data. Our challenge is to propose a method that chooses the most appropriate situation according to the given one. We propose to improve the decision-making process by using the generated traces during previous executions. These traces represent users’ interactions and system activity logs. A trace-based system collects and manages all users’ generated traces (logs). Our main contributions are: the design of a trace-based algorithm for criteria weighting; the design of an alternatives determination algorithm; the design and the formalisation of the users’ choice (using the trace-based subjective logic) and the system’s choice (using the trace-based PROMETHEE II) to classify all the identified alternatives and the aggregation of different choices to suggest to the user the right option to follow. A Tamagotchi case study is presented to validate our contributions.

The aim of this work is to create a functional specification of mobile application newly emerging asocial network for generating meetings with friends. Generating will be divided into two phases. In the first phase, we will use a mathematical model which will generate appointments with those friends that the user meets the least. In the second phase, we will use a mathematical model and multi-criteria decision making process for invitation of maximum number of friends to this meeting. Using graph theory, we will develope an algorithm which will optimize the computing system over all its users. And finally, we will define functionality for meeting friends in partner establishments in the city, which will use the principle of finding the shortest path.

The aim of this thesis is by using methods and practices of managerial decision-making process to choose suitable supplier and propose measures to reduce risk. The first section of the theoretical part deals with the different phases of the decision-making process. The second part is devoted to the procurement as one of the corporate functions. The practical part applies the managerial decision-making process on the current situation of a company producing fast moving consumer goods is looking for a new supplier of packaging material. Choice of supplier was performed by using a multi-criteria decision-making, first the decision criteria was defined, followed by a description of the alternatives and their consequences. Evaluation of the alternatives was based on the additive multi-criteria utility function, to determine the weights of the criteria was used method determining weights by preferential arrangements. From five potential vendors was recommended supplier A. The end of the practical part is devoted to proposals of measures to reduce the risk which company may face in the process of selection and also in the process of delivering of the material.

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are re-emerging as a popular networking facility for wireless device users. A growing number of diversified applications are now accessible via wireless devices. The different applications may have different Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, which may better be satisfied by using different routing methods or metric types. Existing ad hoc network routing solutions do not consider various application-level requirements when making a routing decision. They typically make routing decisions based upon limited information acquired at the network layer. Most of the existing routing protocols make use of a single routing metric. Using a single metric type and/or information, only acquired at the network layer may not be able to accommodate different QoS requirements, imposed by diversified user-level applications or application-level data types.The aim of this thesis is to design an efficient routing function for ad hoc networks while at the same time satisfying users‟ and/or applications‟ QoS and security requirements. To achieve this, the thesis investigates and specifies routing requirements that could best support application-level QoS and security requirements in MANETs. It also investigates and critically analyses the state of the art in MANET routing, and the mechanisms used for protecting the routing functions. To overcome the weaknesses and advance the state of the art in MANET routing, this thesis proposes two major solutions. The first solution is the Secure ETX (SETX) routing protocol. It is a secure routing solution that can provide routing functions efficiently in malicious MANET environment. The SETX protocol provides a security mechanism to counter black hole attacks in MANETs on the ETX metric acquisition process. Simulation studies have been carried out and discussed in the thesis. Simulation results show that the SETX protocol can provide a marked improvement in network performances in the presence of black hole attacks, and it can do so with a negligible level of additional overhead.The second solution is a novel routing decision making called the Flexible Routing Decision (FRD) framework. The FRD framework supports routing decision making by using multiple metric types (i.e. multi-criteria routing decision making) and uses a cross-layer approach to support application-level QoS requirements. This allows users to use different routing metrics types, making the most appropriate routing decision for a given application. To accommodate the diversified application-level QoS requirements, multiple routing metric types have been identified and interpreted in the FRD framework design. The FRD framework has overcome some weaknesses exhibited by existing single metric routing decision making, used in MANETs. The performance of a routing decision making of FRD is also evaluated using NS2 simulation package. Simulation results demonstrate that the FRD framework outperforms the existing routing decision making methods.