Submitted by CARLOS FRANCISCO BITENCOURT JORGE null (bitencourt@gmail.com) on 2017-12-20T18:08:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jorge CFB Tese.pdf: 6286253 bytes, checksum: d5d63307bf812e3b768ecf6474db09c0 (MD5) / Submitted by CARLOS FRANCISCO BITENCOURT JORGE null (bitencourt@gmail.com) on 2017-12-21T12:31:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jorge CFB Tese.pdf: 6286253 bytes, checksum: d5d63307bf812e3b768ecf6474db09c0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Satie Tagara (satie@marilia.unesp.br) on 2017-12-21T12:55:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 jorge_cfb_dr_mar.pdf: 6286253 bytes, checksum: d5d63307bf812e3b768ecf6474db09c0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-21T12:55:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 jorge_cfb_dr_mar.pdf: 6286253 bytes, checksum: d5d63307bf812e3b768ecf6474db09c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A complexidade é um componente intrínseco que perpassa os processos empreendidos no ambiente interno e externo de uma organização. As organizações estão inseridas em ambientes que, por natureza, são constituídos por conhecimento e inteligência. Nessa perspectiva, ao desenvolverem suas atividades geram novos conhecimentos que, por sua vez, são influenciadas de maneira direta pela complexidade. Em alguns ambientes organizacionais observa-se que a complexidade é inerente aos processos desenvolvidos, aos resultados obtidos e, em alguns casos, em ambas as situações. No âmbito das organizações complexas, pode-se destacar faculdades, clubes de futebol, indústrias, empresas de varejo e entidades de classe que,devido à própria estrutura e modelo de gestão, são organizações que possuem e utilizam conhecimentos e inteligências em todas as atividades e tarefas desempenhadas. Verifica-se na literatura a recorrente discussão sobre a necessidade latente quanto ao aumento da competitividade, por meio de uma gestão eficaz de dados, informações, conhecimentos e inteligências. Sob este enfoque, a pesquisa em questão analisou os aspectos críticos quanto a aplicação da gestão da informação, conhecimento e inteligência em organizações complexas. Para tanto, analisou o referencial teórico referente às temáticas complexidade, inteligência e conhecimento em sete modelos de gestão do conhecimento e sete modelos voltados ao processo de inteligência. O método utilizado foi o ‘Estudo de Caso Múltiplo’, em que se aplicou a técnica da triangulação de dados para obter uma visão ampliada da problemática investigada. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se a observação direta, responsável por colher informações sobre a cultura, comunicação, história entre outros aspectos importantes no contexto da organização, a entrevista estruturada e o questionário. A entrevista estruturada foi aplicada com o principal sujeito do nível organizacional. O questionário foi aplicado junto aos funcionários de cada nível organizacional (estratégico, tático e operacional). As análises foram realizadas a partir dos níveis organizacionais de maneira individual em cada organização e, posteriormente, em um nível macro com cada organização. Após análise individual e dos diferentes níveis referentes às organizações participantes, os resultados demonstraram importantes aspectos das organizações e de seus níveis hierárquicos, no que tange ao uso de fontes e fluxos de conhecimento e inteligência no ambiente interno e externo, percepção de informações, conhecimentos e inteligências de maneira processual à demanda de sua aplicação. Em relação às questões teóricas, no que concerne aos aspectos críticos de gestão do conhecimento e da inteligência alinhadas às informações coletadas, foi possível construir um modelo conceitual que integra etapas e atividades voltadas a essas temáticas para as organizações complexas. As organizações complexas, a partir do modelo desenvolvido, podem trabalhar a implantação, desenvolvimento e gestão do conhecimento e da inteligência em seus processos organizacionais. Foram sugeridas algumas estratégias que podem minimizar o impacto da possível implantação do modelo integrado de gestão do conhecimento e da inteligência. / The complexity is an intrinsic component that pervades the processes undertaken in the internal and external environment of an organization. The organizations are embedded in environments that, by nature, are made up of knowledge and intelligence. In this perspective, in developing their activities, they generate new knowledge that, in turn, are directly influenced by complexity. In some organizational environments, it is observe that complexity is inherent to the processes developed, the results obtained and, in some cases, both situations. In the context of complex organizations, we can highlight colleges, football clubs, industries, retail companies and class entities that, due to their own structure and management model, are organizations that possess and use knowledge and intelligence in all activities and Tasks performed. There is a recurrent discussion in the literature about the latent need for increase of competitiveness, through the efficient management of data, information, knowledge and intelligence. Under this approach, the research in question analyzed the critical aspects regarding the application of information, knowledge and intelligence management in complex organizations. In order to do so, it analyzed the theoretical reference referring to the themes complexity, intelligence and knowledge in seven models of knowledge management and seven models focused on the process of intelligence. The method used was the 'Multiple Case Study', in which the data triangulation technique was applied to obtain an expanded view of the problem investigated. For the data collection, the direct observation was used, responsible for collecting information about culture, communication, history and other important aspects in the context of the organization, the structured interview and the questionnaire. The structured interview was applied with the main subject at the organizational level. The questionnaire was applied to employees at each organizational level (strategic, tactical and operational). The analyzes were performed from the organizational levels individually in each organization and, later, at a macro level with each organization. After an individual analysis and the differents levels of the participating organizations, the results showed important aspects of organizations and their hierarchical levels regarding the use of sources and flows of knowledge and intelligence in the internal and external environment, perception of information, knowledge and intelligences in a procedural way to the demand of its application. Regarding the theoretical issues, in what concerns the critical aspects of knowledge management and intelligence aligned to the information collected, it was possible to construct a conceptual model that integrates steps and activities focused on these themes for complex organizations. Complex organizations, based on the developed model, can work on the implementation, development and management of knowledge and intelligence in their organizational processes. Some strategies have been suggested that can minimize the impact of the possible implementation of the integrated model of knowledge management and intelligence. / Programa PDS: 99999.008196/2014-01

Submitted by Nayara Passos (nayara.passos@ufpe.br) on 2015-03-11T18:03:12Z No. of bitstreams: 2 TESE Alberto César Cavalcanti França.pdf: 3788012 bytes, checksum: a84eaeee00c35211070eb3130be655f2 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-11T18:03:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 TESE Alberto César Cavalcanti França.pdf: 3788012 bytes, checksum: a84eaeee00c35211070eb3130be655f2 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / CNPq / Pesquisas na área de engenharia de software indicam que o gerenciamento apropriado da motivação e satisfação no trabalho são importantes para o sucesso de projetos de software. No entanto, rara tem sido a preocupação com o uso apropriado de teorias bem estabelecidas para fundamentar tais pesquisas, o que deixa em aberto várias questões práticas sobre motivação e satisfação no contexto do desenvolvimento de softwares. Evidências apontam que o conhecimento sobre a satisfação no trabalho, neste contexto, está relativamente consolidado, mas ainda há muito a se aprender sobre as características específicas que antecedem a motivação dos engenheiros de software. Objetivo: O ponto de partida compreende teorias de Satisfação no Trabalho e das Características do Trabalho, que defendem que motivação e satisfação no trabalho referem-se a fenômenos distintos. Esta tese objetiva então clarificar quais são as características do trabalho que influenciam a motivação de engenheiros de software. Método: Este quadro teórico inicial foi evoluído baseado nos aprendizados resultantes de um estudo de múltiplos casos, executado em quatro organisações de software em Recife-PE. Durante 11 meses, dados foram coletados nestas organizações, através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, estudos diários, e análise documental. Resultados: Os resultados apontam que (1) engenheiros de software não estão conscientes sobre a distinção entre os dois fenômenos (motivação e satisfação no trabalho), (2) motivação é caracterizada pelo engajamento e concentração, (3) motivação é afetada por diversas características da tarefa do engenheiro de software, mas também pela percepção sobre o engajamento dos colegas de trabalho e pela auto-confiança técnica do trabalhador, (4) motivação contribui para a satisfação no trabalho, moderada pela informação provida sobre a performance individual dos engenheiros, e (5) o papel mediador das características pessoais do indivíduo é universal. Conclusão: Com base nestes dados, é proposta uma nova teoria de motivação e satisfação de engenheiros de software (TMS-SE) que une elementos de teorias bem estabelecidas, expandindo-as e adaptando-as à realidade específica de engenheiros de software. A TMS-SE representa um avanço em nossa compreensão do comportamento de engenheiros de software, bem como levanta novas questões e propõe um terreno organizado para futuras investigações nesta área. / Context: Previous research work in the Software Engineering field indicates that a proper management of motivation and job satisfaction at work can help software organisations to achieve higher levels of project success. However, the little concern with the adequate use of well-established theories to underpin these researches left unclear several theoretical and practical aspects of work motivation and job satisfaction in the software context. In fact, there is enough knowledge about job satisfaction factors, but not on specific characteristics of the work that motivate software engineers. Objective: The starting point of this research comprises the Job Satisfaction and the Job Characteristics theories, which argue that job satisfaction and work motivation are distinguishable phenomena, with distinct antecedents and different outcomes. Then, this thesis aims to clarify specifically what factors drive motivation of software engineers at work. Method: The initial theoretical framework was evaluated and enhanced based on findings from a multiple case study that comprised four different software organisations from Recife, Brazil. For 11 months, rich data was collected independently in those organisations, by means of semi-structured interviews, diary studies, and document analyses, and the synthesis followed a standard procedure of cross-case analysis. Results: The results point out that (1) practitioners are not aware of the distinction between work motivation and job satisfaction, (2) work motivation is characterized by engagement and concentration, (3) work motivation is affected by software engineering tasks characteristics and by the co-workers’ engagement, workload and technical confidence, (4) work motivation improves satisfaction moderated by feedback information provided about the individual’s performance, and (5) the mediating role of individual characteristics is pervasive. Conclusion: Based on these data, it was possible to draw up a new theory of motivation and satisfaction of software engineers (TMS-SE), which unites elements from well established theories, expands and adapts them to the software engineering specific context. The TMS-SE represents an advance on our understanding of software engineers’ behaviour as well as it raises new questions and provides an organised ground for future investigations in this area.

Context. Large-scale software development projects are those consisting of a large number of teams, maybe even spread across multiple locations, and working on large and complex software tasks. That means that neither a team member individually nor an entire team holds all the knowledge about the software being developed and teams have to communicate and coordinate their knowledge. Therefore, teams and team members in large-scale software development projects must acquire and manage expertise as one of the critical resources for high-quality work. Objectives. We aim at understanding whether software teams in different contexts develop transactive memory systems (TMS) and whether well-developed TMS leads to performance benefits as suggested by research conducted in other knowledge-intensive disciplines. Because multiple factors may influence the development of TMS, based on related TMS literature we also suggest to focus on task allocation strategies, task characteristics and management decisions regarding the project structure, team structure and team composition. Methods. We use the data from two large-scale distributed development companies and 9 teams, including quantitative data collected through a survey and qualitative data from interviews to measure transactive memory systems and their role in determining team performance. We measure teams’ TMS with a latent variable model. Finally, we use focus group interviews to analyze different organizational practices with respect to team management, as a set of decisions based on two aspects: team structure and composition, and task allocation. Results. Data from two companies and 9 teams are analyzed and the positive influence of well-developed TMS on team performance is found. We found that in large-scale software development, teams need not only well-developed team’s internal TMS, but also have well- developed and effective team’s external TMS. Furthermore, we identified practices that help of hinder development of TMS in large-scale projects. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that teams working in large-scale software development can achieve performance benefits if transactive memory practices within the team are supported with networking practices in the organization.

The aim of the thesis was to clarify how nursery teachers develop children's comprehension of the text read aloud and how they evaluate the possibility of using reading strategies to support children's comprehension during reading. In the theoretical part, I focused on defining the concept of reading literacy and pre-literacy, approaching the concept of the development of reading pre-literacy in the Czech Republic and clarifying the concept of comprehension of the text. Subsequently, I dealt with the issue of reading strategies and introduced those that are suitable for use in preschool age. In the empirical part, I used the qualitative approach of a multi-case study, which involved eight kindergarten teachers. Through in-depth interviews, repeated observation of the teachers' work with the text and subsequent analysis of video recordings of this work, answers to research questions were sought. It has been shown that teachers intend to develop children's comprehension, but only on a literal level, their work with texts is intuitive, without setting specific goals and monitoring the degree of their achievement. It turned out that reading strategies require a willingness of the teacher to work with them regularly and purposefully and to prepare for reading, which does not correspond to the prevailing...

This study investigated the dual role of the principal as an employee of the Department of Education and as an ex officio member of the governing body. The South African Schools Act distinguishes between professional management and school governance. This distinction may however give rise to conflict between the principal and the governing body, more especially if roles are not clearly explained, known and understood. For the purpose of this qualitative study, a multiple case study was considered to be the most appropriate research design strategy. Interviews, document analysis and observation were used to collect data. Chapter 1 gives a general view of the study while Chapter 2 focuses on the literature review. Chapter 3 deals with data collection and data analysis. Chapter 4 focuses on the synthesis of the findings and presents the recommendations of the study. The findings in Chapter 4 reveal that in many schools there is a power struggle between the principal, teacher and parent governors. It seems as if many of the problems experienced by principals and governors are due to the fact that they cannot distinguish between the concepts of professional management and school governance. Extensive training programmes for schools’ governors will be necessary to improve the quality of governance. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Education Management and Policy Studies / unrestricted

Secondary Education reform efforts have focused on perpetual achievement gaps for more than a decade, highlighting the essence of state level standardized test scores in reading and math, among diverse student groups in relation to their white peers. The reauthorization of ESEA (2013), is a reform effort described as the Student Success Act, whereby the expectation of student success is described in terms of all students graduating from high school, both college and career ready. The concept of no child left behind remains at the base of the law, which designates federal funds for education programs designed to ensure equal access to educational opportunities for all students regardless of their demographics. In the 21st century, a major challenge of secondary school reform efforts is to guarantee equal access while supporting overall student success in accelerated learning environments. The major purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of African American high school students’ on their experiences of success in accelerated learning programs, including Advanced International Certificate of Education (AICE), Advanced Program (AP), and International Baccalaureate (IB). Other key interest areas of influence on their perceptions of success included academic efficacy, ethnic identity awareness, and future aspirations. The theoretical frameworks of Bandura’s social cognitive theory (1986), Erikson’s (1968) identity development theory, McClelland’s (1961) human motivation theory, Benard’s (1993) resiliency theory, and Phinney’s ethnic identity development model (1992) framed this research study. Using a qualitative design, in-depth interviews were conducted to obtain thick, rich, detailed materials to gain a deep understanding of the self-concepts, beliefs, and views of how African American high school students think about key influences on their success in accelerated learning programs. Data analysis applying a thematic approach through an inductive and interactive systematic process of data coding and analysis generated themes regarding knowledge strengths, academic and cultural diversity, resource systems, stereotypical expectations, future focused, commitment to give back to the community, and networking for progress. Implications for secondary education policy makers include the need for a more comprehensive resource system, to address opportunity gaps in accelerated learning programs, and expectations gaps in the preparedness of diverse students for college and careers. Understanding African American high school students’ experiences of success may assist in fostering an environment of wholeness and inclusion, in turn possibly leading to a full health approach to student success, including the physical, psychological, mental, and spiritual/inspirational aspects of human development for optimal learning and increased academic and overall life success among African American high school students and all diverse student groups.

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The dissertation deals with the topic of how the school management of Czech primary schools assign teachers to classrooms. The aim of the thesis was to define the system of assigning teachers to classrooms at schools applying pupils' differentiation and to clarify which criteria the school management follows in the assignment of teachers to the classrooms. The theoretical part was based on both domestic and foreign sources dealing with the concept of differentiation of pupils in primary education and with the choice of assignment of teachers to classrooms. Differentiation of pupils was presented in terms of the positive effects of effective education of similarly competent pupils and in terms of the view that differentiation supports the unequal distribution of pupils in classes and the subsequent recruitment of teachers applying different demands and curriculum. In addition, a model of pupils' differentiation and models of assignment of teachers to classrooms were presented, and also the theoretical model of teacher's knowledge was introduced, which was further used in the empirical part for the determination of the criteria for assigning teachers to classrooms. The aim of the empirical part was to describe the real way of assigning teachers to classrooms by the school management in five...