One of the main and crucial activities of an insurance company is to determine amount of technical reserves to be generated. If the insurance company performs in the non-life insurance branch, it focuses first of all on loss reserve which is generated to settle debts coming from insurance claims. To set the proper amount of this reserve, especially of the reserve on incurred but not reported losses (IBNR), mathematical and statistical methods are used. This thesis introduces one of the most used methods which is the chain ladder method. It presents the first chain ladder deterministic model then moves to its stochastic extension in a form of Mack's model and finally gets to the Munich chain ladder model, which takes into calculations not only data on losses paid but also losses incurred. In the theoretical part both these models (standard Mack's chain ladder and Munich chain ladder) are presented both separately and in a common context so that later in the analytical section they could be demonstrated on real data.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to introduce Vimperk between the years 1938 and 1945. The work is based on the study of the archival documents in the relevant archives in the Czech Republic and on the articles in the regional volumes. The first part of this work contains the literature and archival sources used in this work. The introduction of the history of the town until 1938 and the World War II follows. These are supplemented with the basic pieces of information about the history of World War II. Without that it would not be possible to set this small town into a wider context. The main part of this work is to elaborate the way of life in Vimperk during these years, which is mostly based on the study of the archival documents. The majority of people in this area were Germans. In 1938 was the area called "Sudetenland" anexed to the Hitler's Germany. Then followed the World War II and the men from this region had to join the German army, many of them didn't survive until the end of the war. The conditions of life of the civilians got worse with the time. In the end of the war there were also thousands of refugees, who also needed help. Public affairs in the town reduced more and more on keeping the state, everything was controlled by the Nazi organisations. As the front line was getting...

The thesis "The reflection of social changes during the period between September 1938 and December 1939 in a football environment according to the Rekord magazine" deals with the events forming Czech society during the period of the Munich crisis, The Second Republic and the first months of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia in connection with football organizations. It analyses the key moments that influenced individual components of public life. The study deals with general circumstances and the historical context. It analyses the way in which Rekord, the official bulletin of The Football Association and The Football Federation, used to work with these facts. The text discusses important matches with the political background, organizational changes in a football environment caused by new conditions, unifying trends, anti-Semitic arrangements, disestablishment of professionalism or Slovaks' effort to gain autonomy. It also deals with the direct impact of occupation of border regions and later of all Bohemian lands, influencing community life and the run of all championship competitions. The Czech self-determination in sport after the constitution of the protectorate in March 1939 and international contacts of Czech football teams until the end of the year 1939 is also included in the text....

Das Stadtarchiv München hat seit 2016 ein digitales Archiv in Betrieb und übernimmt seitdem elektronische Unterlagen aus der Stadtverwaltung der Landeshauptstadt und von privater Seite, letzteres aber noch eher selten. Die häufigste Form der digitalen Abgabe sind dabei unstrukturierte Dateisammlungen. Diese können in der Regel nicht ohne Vorarbeit ingestiert und im digitalen Magazin gesichert werden. Der Beitrag möchte zeigen, vor welche Herausforderungen uns unstrukturierte Dateisammlungen bei der Archivierung stellen, und wie wir solche Abgaben im Stadtarchiv München, unterstützt von zahlreichen Tools, im sogenannten PreIngest analysieren, bewerten und für den Ingest aufbereiten. / The Munich City Archives have a digital archive in operation since 2016 and since then take over digital data from the city administration of the state capital and from private sources, although the latters still are rare. The most common form of digital accessions are unstructured file collections. As a rule, these cannot be transferred into the archives’ repository without preparatory work. The article attempts to show the challenges unstructured file collections present us with when archiving, and how we analyze and evaluate such accessions in the Munich City Archives, supported by numerous software-tools, in the so-called pre-ingest and how we prepare them for the ingest.

This Master thesis, U.S. and the Czechoslovak Crisis in 1938: Policy of Appeasement?, examines the policy of the United States in 1938 during the dispute between Czechoslovakia and Nazi Germany over the Sudeten German issue. This paper is a case study and it analyzes a diplomatic correspondence and public statements of key representatives of U.S. foreign policy in the period March to October 1938. The goal of the paper is to evaluate the U.S. policy towards the Czechoslovak crisis and to consider whether or not the U.S. policy could be labeled as a policy of appeasement. There are four chapters. The first chapter recapitulates U.S. foreign policy before 1938, briefly describes issues of appeasement and describes the Czechoslovak-U.S. relations before 1938. The second chapter deals with U.S. policy during the so-called May crisis. The third chapter focuses on U.S. policy during the Munich Conference. The fourth chapter analyzes attitudes and actions of U.S. representatives in the time of the Munich Conference.

Text in German / Summaries in German, English, Afrikaans and Zulu / So vielfältig die Aufgaben sind, sich ehrenamtlich und damit freiwillig und unentgeltlich zu engagieren, so vielfältig sind die Motive, die dabei eine Rolle spielen können. In dieser Forschungsarbeit wird untersucht, welche Motive ausschlaggebend dafür sind, dass leitende Frauen und Männer unterschiedlichsten Alters über Jahre hinweg treu ihren Dienst in einer Einrichtung für suchtkranke Menschen tun und dabei nicht resignieren. Anhand von geführten Leitfaden-Interviews lässt sich dabei erkennen, inwieweit auch christliche Motive eine Grundlage für den ehrenamtlichen Einsatz darstellen. Dazu gibt besonders Joachim Bauer mit seinen neurobiologischen Untersuchungen der menschlichen Motivationssysteme viele Anhaltspunkte. Die durchgeführten Interviews werden mithilfe einer thematischen Inhaltsanalyse bearbeitet und anschließend bewertet. Abschließend werden Vorschläge zum Umgang mit ehrenamtlichen Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeitern in der Suchtkrankenhilfe formuliert. Diese qualitative Studie leistet einen Beitrag dazu, neue Erkenntnisse über die Motivation ehrenamtlicher Suchtkrankenhelfer zu bekommen, was in dieser Form noch nicht erforscht wurde. / Just as varied as the tasks are for unpaid volunteer work, the potential motives are equally as diverse. This research will examine which motives are critical, for women and men of various ages in positions of leadership, to serve faithfully for years in institutions for addicts and not to resign. From guided interviews, it can be seen to what degree Christian motives form a foundation for this volunteer work. Joachim Bauer’s neurobiological research of “human motivation systems” supplies us with key indicators. The interviews will be performed using a method of thematic content analysis and then rated. In conclusion, proposals for handling volunteers working in the area of assisting addicts will be provided. This qualitative study will contribute new insights about the motivation of volunteers in facilities for addicts in an area that is yet to be explored using this approach. / Net so uiteenlopend as wat die take van onbetaalde vrywilligerwerkers is, is die potensiële beweegredes van hierdie vrywilligers. Hierdie navorsing stel ondersoek in na watter beweegredes krities is en daartoe lei dat mans en vroue van verskillende ouderdomme in posisies van leierskap vir jare getrou dien by instellings vir verslaafdes en nie bedank nie. Uit gestruktureerde onderhoude kan gesien word in watter mate Christelike motiewe of beweegredes die fondasie vir hierdie vrywillerwerk is. Joachim Bauer se neurobiologiese navorsing oor “menslike motiveringstelsels” bied aan ons sleutelaanwysers. Die onderhoude sal gevoer word met behulp van ’n metode van tematiese inhoudsontleding, waarna dit gegradeer sal word. Ten slotte sal voorstelle gegee word vir die hantering van vrywilligers wat met verslaafdes werk. Hierdie kwalitatiewe studie sal bydra tot nuwe insigte oor die motivering van vrywilligers in fasiliteite vir verslaafdes op ’n terrein wat nog nie aan die hand van hierdie benadering ontgin is nie. / Njengoba kunemisebenzi ehlukahlukene njengemisebenzi yamavolontiya angakhokhelwa, izisusa zakhona ezibalulekile zibanzi. Lolu cwaningo luzohlola ukuthi iziphi izisusa ezibalulekile, kubantu besilisa nabesifazane abehluka ngeminyaka ezikhundleni zobuholi, abazinikela emsebenzini ngokwethembeka ngokweminyaka abasuke beyibambile ezikhungweni kulabo asebejwayele noma okusegazini kubo okwenza okuthile kodwa bangawuyeka umsebenzi. Kusukela kuyizinhlolokhono eziqondile, kuyabonakala ukuthi yiziphi izizathu zobuKristu ezakha isisekelo salomsebenzi wokuvolontiya. Ucwaningo luka-Joachim Bauer oluqondene nezinzwa noma imizwa "lwezinhlelo zokugqugquzela abantu" lusinikeza izinkomba ezibalulekile. Inhlolokhono ezokwenziwa kuzosetshenziswa indlela yokuhlaziywa okuqukethwe bese ilinganiswa. Uma ngiphetha, iziphakamiso ngokuphatha amalovontiya asuke esebenza endaweni lapho esiza abasuke sebejwayele noma okusegazini kubi okwenza okuthile luzonikwa. Lolu cwaningo olungqala luzofaka ulwazi olusha olumayelana nokugqugquzelwa kwamavolontiya ezindaweni lapho kuhlala abantu asebejwayele noma okusegazini kubo okwenza okuthile okuyindawo esazohlonzwa kusetshenziswa lendlela. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Christian Leadership)

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Mit dem Forschungsprojekt wurde das Ziel verfolgt, den Einfluss des Münchner Stromausfalls im Winter 2012 auf die Zahlungsbereitschaft für Versorgungssicherheit sowie auf die Akzeptanz für Erneuerbare Energien zu untersuchen. Das Ausfallereignis in München bot sich in besonderer Weise für eine Untersuchung an, da etwa die Hälfte des Stadtgebiets betroffen war, sodass eine Trennung nach beeinträchtigten und nicht-beeinträchtigen Haushalten aus einer nahezu homogenen Stichprobe ermöglicht wurde. Im Zentrum der Untersuchung steht eine repräsentative Bevölkerungsumfrage, die zwei Monate nach dem Ausfallereignis durchgeführt wurde. Dazu wurden über das Telefonlabor der Technischen Universität Dresden 526 Personen aus Münchner Privathaushalten befragt. Nach unseren Befunden beeinflusst eine kleine Versorgungsunterbrechung, wie in München, die Einstellung hinsichtlich der Erneuerbaren Energien nur unwesentlich. Allerdings können wir mit Hilfe der kontingenten Bewertungsmethode einen signifikanten Einfluss des Ausfalls auf die Zahlungsbereitschaft für eine sichere Versorgung nachweisen. Darüber ergeben sich aus unserer Studie Erkenntnisse für die Umsetzung der Energiewende: Beispielsweise wurde der Wert für die letzte gelieferte Kilowattstunde Strom (Value of Lost Load), das Last-Abschaltpotenzial von Haushalten sowie die Akzeptanz der Höhe der EEG-Umlage ermittelt.

This dissertation describes the life of Pavel Minarik, a journalist but also secret police agent, who worked at Radio Free Europe in Munich and in several exile organizations. It also provides a brief overview of the situation in Czechoslovakia in the 2nd half of the 20th century, the development of the security apparatus of the country after World War II (focusing on the secret police and intelligence service) and the foundation of Radio Free Europe. The work refers to the studies on the topic, secret police archives, and also memories of the "Munich radio" reporters.

The main aim of my diploma thesis is to capture the social atmosphere on the pages of periodicals in the Liberec region over the last few months before the secession of the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia in the Munich Agreement. It was a predominantly German populated region and I wonder how local Czech minority recognize tense period in 1938. For this reason I chose the only Czech written newspapers in Liberec at this period - North-Bohemian Daily. Start of the work is devoted to a brief recapitulation of the historical development of Liberec. And next charter deals with Czech-German relations because this topic is not only a question of the First Republic but it is a coexistence lasting few centuries and we could classify the events of 1938 in the correct context. In the next part I have devoted Nort-Bohemian Daily, its publishers, printers, graphic form, editorial and content characteristics. This is followed by a quantitative content analysis in the last stage of existence of newspapers, ie from January to October 1938. I was interested what topics editorial gave space, who created the texts as they were long and to which columns they were sorted. I also examined by genres newspaper formed and whether journalists engaged in regional, national or international events . At the conclusion chapter...