This dissertation examines the effects of tax and expenditure limitations (TELs) stringency and its interaction with revenue diversity and the council-manager form of government on municipal general fund expenditure. TELs are explicit rules that states impose to reduce local government spending. TELs stringency varies from state to state, leading to difficulties in assessing their impact across the nation. This dissertation proposes a new means for measuring the stringency of TELs imposed on local governments. Factor analysis is utilized, and then factor scores are calculated to identify degrees of TELs stringency. This study contends that higher levels of TELs stringency are associated with lower local government spending. However, the effectiveness of TELs is dependent on revenue diversity and the form of government. This study suggests that both revenue diversity and the council-manager form of government mitigate the impacts of TELs stringency on local government spending. Panel data from 2007 to 2011 from 1,508 municipalities are utilized. This study finds that higher levels of TELs stringency are associated with lower levels of municipal general fund expenditures per capita. However, TELs stringency is effective only when revenue diversity is low and when cities have a form of government other than council-manager. These results are generally consistent with the theory presented in this dissertation.

The primary objective of this thesis is to identify why sectarianism has declined in Liverpool. In doing, it is necessary to identify what sectarianism was in a Liverpool context, whilst also outlining its development. In relation to this, the part played by nineteenth century Irish immigration, the Orange Order, and the Roman Catholic Church will be analysed. Although assessed, it is not the intention of this work to concentrate primarily on the sectarian violence that gripped the city, nor the complex relationship between sectarianism and politics in Liverpool: the latter having already been expertly covered by Waller (1981) and the former by Neal (1988). Nonetheless, in analysing the degeneration of denominational antagonism both the reduction in sectarian violence and the rapidity of its political disintegration will be considered. For a period spanning two centuries the sectarian divide in Liverpool soured relations between its residents. Indeed, the city’s political representatives were often elected on the basis of their ethno-religious pedigree. Politics continued to be influenced by religion until the mid-1970s. Weakening sectarianism, in the limited existing studies, is attributed largely to post-war slum clearance, but this thesis asserts that causality is much more complex. There are a range of factors that have contributed to the decline. As this thesis demonstrates, the downfall of sectarianism coincided with the creation of a collective identity; an identity based not on ethno-religious affiliations, but on a commonality, an acknowledgment that principles which united were more significant than factors which divided. Importantly, the success of the city’s two football teams, Everton FC and Liverpool FC, gave the city a new focus based upon a healthy sporting rivalry rather than sectarian vehemence. A complex interplay of secularism and ecumenism, the economic misfortunes of Liverpool and their political impact in terms of class politics, the growth of a collective city identity and the omnipotence of (non-religiously derived) football affiliations combined to diminish Liverpool’s once acute sectarian fault-line. This thesis examines how and why.

This thesis investigates the development of radical politics in Liverpool in the first half of the nineteenth century and argues that distinctive events and trends in Liverpool exercised an important influence on the activities of the Reform Movement nationally between 1848 and 1854. It addresses two important but largely neglected areas of historiography: first, the political history of Liverpool in the years between the abolition of the slave trade and the mass influx of Irish refugees in mid-century, during which time the town rose to commercial pre-eminence; secondly, the influence of major provincial centres such as Liverpool on politics at the national level. The origins of Liverpool’s reformist Town Council of 1835-1841 are traced and show a continuity of thought and personalities over several decades against a backdrop of Tory paternalism and institutionalised corruption. The new reformist administration is seen as laying the foundations of a modern society through good governance, financial economy, civil liberty and innovation. On the Corn Laws issue, Liverpool’s reformers were reluctant to follow Manchester’s lead, preferring to pursue free trade on a broad front. This study follows their progress and shows how, ultimately, their thinking on financial reform influenced Cobden’s “National Budget” and remained an ever-present stimulus for several decades. The most prominent of Liverpool’s radical reformers was Sir Joshua Walmsley, whose achievements in both municipal and national politics have received much less attention from historians than they have merited. This study details the influences and experiences in his early career and then traces how, through political dexterity, he pushed parliamentary reform to the forefront of the national political agenda and established the National Parliamentary and Financial Reform Association in 1849. The influence exerted by his Liverpool background on both his political development and style of campaigning may be seen throughout his parliamentary career.

M.Phil. / Na die nasionale munisipale verkiesings staan nuwe plaaslike munisipaliteite voor die grootste uitdaging ooit ten opsigte van dienslewering aan die gemeenskappe wat hulle bedien (Business Day, 2000, 12 Julie). Daar word berig dat slegs 20% van huishoudings in die Suid Afrikaanse samelewing het nie toegang tot skoon drinkwater en basiese sanitasie dienste het nie. Meer as 30% huishoudings het nie elektrisiteit nie en ongeveer 40% beskik nie oor vullisverwyderingsdienste nie (Business Day, 2000, 12 Julie). Van die huishoudings wat wel dienste ontvang, betaal 68% hulle munisipale rekenings stiptelik terwyl 1,4 miljoen huishoudings hulle huur en dienste gelde nie gereeld betaal nie. (Sake Beeld, 2000, 4 Julie). Gevolglik gaan plaaslike owerhede gebuk onder geweldige finansiele nood. Ongeveer 151 van die 843 munisipaliteite van Suid Afrika is in 'n krisis situasie terwyl byna die helfte van hulle finansiele probleme het. (Beeld, 1999, 22 Julie). Daar is selfs plaaslike owerhede wat pensioenfonds-, werkloosheidsversekering- en belastingbydraes gebruik om te betaal vir operasionele kostes. (Beeld, 2000, 27 Maart). Die Munisipale Afbakeningsraad het die aantal munisipaliteite in Suid Afrika verminder van 843 tot 232. In Mpumalanga alleen is die bestaande 55 munisipaliteite verminder na 25, 'n vermindering van ongeveer 50%. (Beeld, 1999, 16 November). Slegs 3 munisipaliteite in Mpumalanga funksioneer behoorlik terwyl 12 in 'n kritieke toestand is (Provinsiale Beeld, 1999, 25 November). Nader aan die tuisfront het die munisipale funksies van Ogies in duie gestort as gevolg van gebrek aan bekwaamheid van personeel. Ongeveer 20% van die inwoners betaal vir munisipale dienste (Provinsiale Beeld, 1999, 26 Julie). Die samevoeging van munisipaliteite behoort Iewensvatbaar in die hand te werk.

Thesis (M.B.A.)-Business Studies Unit, Durban University of Technology, 2006 x, 113, [6] leaves / This study is aimed at understanding the potential organisational performance management systems that could be used by municipalities and hence the topic "Selecting an appropriate organisational performance management system for South African municipalities" / M

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-12-11T12:41:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Adair Loredo dos Santos.pdf: 1125875 bytes, checksum: 1d3818285716300d123b1f56dd164d7b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T12:41:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adair Loredo dos Santos.pdf: 1125875 bytes, checksum: 1d3818285716300d123b1f56dd164d7b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-10-29 / In this study, the administrations of mayors of Gilberto Kassab and Fernando Haddad were analyzed with the intention of demonstrating the performance of democratic controls in the fight against corruption, as well as the practices in the public policy of the city of Sao Paulo during the period of their administrations. As a result, the case known as the "Audit Tax Mafia" was analyzed, which shows the State's fragility in containing, restraining, and extirpating these criminal organizations located within its core. It also emphasizes the importance of administrative actions and decisions aimed at interfering in partisan and personal political interests, or as reinforcers of practices of corruption and disorder. The study demonstrates that the institutional apparatus, which should exercise the function of control, suffers numerous negative interferences and, to a large extent, treats the cases superficially and without the rigor that a realignment of paths would require, as well as in the sphere of Justice. As a result, corruption becomes "institutionalized" and becomes a part of the current politicaladministrative system, within a promiscuous correlation between the executive and legislative branches and several other agents, among them lies a section of public officials / Neste estudo foram analisadas as práticas na política pública do município de São Paulo, no período das gestões dos prefeitos Gilberto Kassab e Fernando Haddad, a fim de demonstrar a atuação dos controles democráticos no combate à corrupção. Para isso, analisou-se o caso conhecido como “Máfia dos Auditores Fiscais”, o qual mostra a fragilidade do Estado em conter, coibir e em extirpar essas organizações criminosas instaladas em seu cerne. Além de ressaltar a importância de ações e decisões administrativas voltadas para a ingerência de interesses políticos partidários e pessoais, ou como reforçadores de práticas de corrupção e de desmandos. O estudo demonstra que o aparato institucional, que deveria exercer a função de controladoria, sofre inúmeras interferências negativas e, em grande parte, trata os casos de maneira superficial e sem o rigor que uma correção de rota exigiria, inclusive na esfera da Justiça. Com isso, a corrupção acaba “institucionalizada” e como parte do sistema políticoadministrativo vigente, numa correlação promíscua entre os poderes executivo, legislativo e diversos outros agentes, dentre eles, uma parte de funcionários públicos

The last two decades have seen an evolution of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) capabilities in the public sector which facilitates the adoption of several IT innovations. Electronic government is one of these strategic innovations that many government agencies have considered adopting to deliver government information and services and support the modernisation of government’s administrative tasks. This research investigates an e-government adoption process as represented by the Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) adoption process. XBRL constitutes one of the key components of the electronic regulatory reporting process in HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) and Companies House (CH). A comprehensive conceptual framework is developed to examine XBRL adoption process and the influential technological, organisational, environmental factors and e-government challenges that affect this process. The contribution of this comprehensive framework is that it develops various relationships among these factors, challenges and stages of the adoption process which have not been identified in the IT adoption or e-government literature. The framework for e-government adoption in the public sector is useful in multiple ways. The major benefit is to contribute to understanding the adoption process, identify the technological infrastructure, and emphasise the importance of the organisational readiness and impact of the environment on the adoption process. The framework can also help government decision makers to visualise a suitable strategic action plan for the future of electronic government by identifying the key issues and potential challenges associated with adopting e-government projects.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:31:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriano Alves dos Reis Santos.pdf: 4743275 bytes, checksum: e6336796c3623bec06de628d300a41c9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation aims to understand the social representations of public servants who work in the municipal government of Sé (Subprefeitura Sé). In this context I describe the challenges of the city and the importance of municipal administrative bodies as both the caretakers and promoters of local development, popular participation and equity. Based on interviews conducted in Subprefeitura Sé I describe the mechanisms through which public servants, in their own experience, are seen from the outside. I then examine how these individuals understand functional and dysfunctional aspects of their work in direction relationship to their perceptions of the public image of municipal administrators / O objetivo desta dissertação é compreender as representações sociais dos servidores públicos lotados na Subprefeitura Sé. Para isto, se descreve os desafios da cidade e a importância das Subprefeituras como zeladorias e promotoras do desenvolvimento local, da participação popular e da equidade. O trabalho, por meio de entrevistas, capta como os servidores, a partir de sua própria experiência, são visto de fora, se percebem e quais são as funcionalidades de desfuncionalidades existentes no ambiente de trabalho, construídos sobretudo a partir desta imagem criada

"The purpose of this study is to outline and analyze the efforts of the City of Fort Worth in the area of community improvement through code enforcement in the years 1961-1965. It is hoped that this study will enable those in the field of municipal government or other related fields to gain a better understanding of the need for community improvement through code enforcement and a better knowledge of methods to implement such a program."--leaf 1.

This thesis examines the work undertaken by Elizabeth Taylor Cadbury (1858-1951) to support social reform in Bournville and Birmingham during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It concentrates on her involvement in the development and promotion of Bournville village, the establishment and management of elementary and infant schools in Bournville and her local government work implementing school medical treatment provision in Birmingham. The thesis argues that Taylor Cadbury’s approach to social reform was shaped by her sense of religious faithfulness expressed through social service and by perceptions of women’s maternal expertise, demonstrating that she engaged with maternal work supporting social welfare as a form of religious service. Interpretation of Taylor Cadbury has been informed by the production of a revised catalogue of her largely unexplored personal archive within the Cadbury Family Papers. This catalogue enhances access to papers created and preserved by Taylor Cadbury and provides insight into the religious and social discourses within which she defined her identity and social work. By combining archival cataloguing with analysis of Taylor Cadbury’s philanthropic and municipal activities, this thesis offers a distinctive contribution to scholarship exploring how women identified with religion and maternalism in their social reform work during this period.