Orientador: Marli de Fátima Stradioto Papa / Banca: Luis Vitor Silva do Sacramento / Banca: Cesar Junior Bueno / Resumo: O uso de extratos vegetais no controle de doenças de plantas está sendo pesquisado como alternativa aos fungicidas convencionais, devido serem apontados como seguros ao homem e não agressivos ao meio ambiente. Extratos de Melão-de-São-Caetano (Momordica charantia) foram testados in vitro e in vivo sobre Colletotrichum musae, fitopatógeno causador da antracnose em frutos de bananeira. Extratos aquoso e hidroetanólico adicionados ao meio de BDA (Batata-Dextrose-Agar), na concentração 50%, proporcionaram respectivamente 71% e 64% de inibição do crescimento micelial (ICM) do fungo, enquanto que em meio líquido, a ICM foi maior (86% e 81% respectivamente), provavelmente devido ao maior contato do meio com o fungo. Somente o extrato aquoso e o tiofanato metílico, nas concentrações de 50% e 1000ug.mL-1, respectivamente, inibiram completamente a germinação de esporos do fungo. Os extratos metanólico e aquoso inibiram em 80% e 70%, respectivamente, o desenvolvimento das lesões de antracnose, quando aplicados até dois dias antes da inoculação do fungo, resultados próximos ao tratamento com tiofanato metílico que inibiu 80%. Os extratos metanólico e aquoso e o tiofanato metílico proporcionaram menores percentagens de frutos com a presença de esporulação visível nas lesões. A maturação dos frutos tratados com os extratos aquoso e hidroetanólico foi retardada em dois dias em relação aos frutos da testemunha. / Abstract: Plant extracts for the control of plant disease are emerging as alternatives to conventional fungicides due to be pointed as safe to humans and environment. Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) extracts were screened in vitro and in vivo against the fungal banana tree fruits pathogen Colletotrichum musae. Aqueous and hidroetanolic extracts of bitter melon, at 50% concentration, in solid medium, provided respectively 71% e 64% of mycelial growth inhibition (MGI) of fungus, while in liquid medium, the MGI were bigger (86% and 81%, respectively) probably due to the better contact of medium with the fungus. Only the aqueous extracts and the metilic tiofanato, at the concentrations of 50% and 1000ug.mL-1, respectively, inhibited on 80% e 70%m respectively, the lesion diameter, when apllied until two days before of inoculation of fungus. This results were close to the metilic tiofanato, that inhibited the lesions diameter on 80%. Thoses extracts provided smaller percentages of fruits with visibles spores in the lesions. The maturation of the treated fruits with the aqueous and hidroetanolic extracts was delayed in two days in relation to the untreated fruits. / Mestre

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2017-03-27T16:34:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Wagner Rogerio Leocadio Soares Pessoa.pdf: 794895 bytes, checksum: fa791ef69e88320cf4072254f9211112 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-27T16:34:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Wagner Rogerio Leocadio Soares Pessoa.pdf: 794895 bytes, checksum: fa791ef69e88320cf4072254f9211112 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-13 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The banana is the second fruit more consumed in the world, being the fruit fresh holder of larger world market. Brazil, answers as second producing adult, using the varieties Silver and Pacovan in approximately 60% of area harvestd. However, several factors can cause losses in the production. In the powder-crop to the anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum musae, it is the main and more destructive, harming the commercialization. Before that, the present work concerns the evaluations of alternative methods of control that seek to the reduction of the losses powder-crop in bananas caused by the C. musae. The first work is had the effect of resistance inductors in the control powder-crop of the anthracnose in banana.Among the tested inductors they are had the Acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), Agriculture-Mós®, Ecolife®, Crop-Set®, methyl jasmonate, were applied in the dosage recommended by the manufacturer (DR) and DR added of 50% there is plus, for five minutes of immersion, the inoculations were accomplished under the times of zero, six and 12 hours after the induction. In the second rehearsal the production of the enzymes was evaluated: peroxidase, polifenoloxidase, quitinase, β-1,3-glucanase and β -1,4-glucanase under bananas induce with biotic elicitores and abióticos. The third experiment, concerns the thermotherapy (TH) associate to ASM in the control of the anthracnose. Where bouquets were treated by immersion in warm water to 40, 45, 50 and 55 ± 1 ºC, for the times of zero, five, 10 and 15 minutes, parallel to these treatments the bouquets were immersed in syrup containing ASM, for five minutes, in the DR for the manufacturer. In relation to the fourth work, the effect of dosages zero 50, 150, 300 and 450 nL.L-1 of 1-MCP on the banana anthracnose was verified. The inoculations of all of the works were accomplished with a suspension of conidial of C. musae in the concentration 106 con./mL, deposited on the epidermis previously wounded. At the end of each rehearsal they were appraised the banana's physiochemical characteristics except for the second. ASMapplied 12 hours before the inoculation in the added of 50% commercial dosage there is plus, it was the most efficient in the control of the disease. In relationship, to enzymes peroxidase, polifenoloxidase β -1,3-glucanase and β -1,4-glucanase, AGM and MJ the most efficient inductors were in the production of these enzymes, in relation to the quitinase AGM did just stand out in relation to the others. To the temperatures around of 40 and 45 ºC in all of the times of exhibition tested were the most expressive in the reduction of the severity in relationship á testifies. In TH + ASM, for the temperatures from 45 to 50 °C in all of the times of exhibition and 40 °C in the times of 10 and 15 minutes presented smaller severity of the disease in relation to isolated TH. In the 1-MCP, the dosages of 150 and 50 nL.L-1 they presented the smallest severity values with 9,57 and 9,67 mm, respectively, following for the dosage of 300 and 450 nL.L-1 with 10,18 to 10,5 mm. The witness presented the largest severity with 32,04 mm being reduced in the progressive largest way for to smallest dosage.It didn't happen significant changes in the pH, SST and ATT, that commit the commercialization and the banana's consumption in natura. / A banana (Musa spp.)é a segunda fruta mais consumida no mundo, sendo a fruta fresca detentora de maior mercado mundial. O Brasil, responde como segundo maior produtor, utilizando as cvs. Prata e Pacovan em aproximadamente 60 % de sua área cultivada. Contudo, diversos fatores podem ocasionar perdas na produção. Na pós-colheita à antracnose, causada por Colletotrichum musae, é a principal e mais destrutiva, prejudicando a comercialização. Diante disso, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar métodos alternativos de controle que visem à redução das perdas pós-colheita em bananas causada por C. musae. O primeiro artigo tem-se o efeito de indutores de resistência no controle pós-colheita da antracnose em banana. Foram avaliados os indutores acibenzlar-S-metil (ASM), Agro-Mós®, Ecolife®, Crop- Set®, metil jasmonato, sendo aplicado na dosagem recomendada (DR) pelo fabricante e DR acrescido de 50 %, por cinco minutos de imersão. As inoculações com o isolado Cm 10 foram realizadas sob os tempos de zero, seis e 12 horas após a indução. No segundo artigo, avaliou-se a produção das enzimas peroxidase, polifenoloxidase, quitinase, β-1,3-glucanase e β-1,4- glucanase sob bananas induzidas com elicitores bióticos e abióticos. O terceiro artigo, diz respeito ao tratamento hidrotérmico (TH) associado ao ASM no controle da antracnose. Onde buquês foram tratados por imersão em água aquecida a 40, 45, 50 e 55 ± 1 ºC, pelos tempos de zero, cinco, 10 e 15 minutos. Paralelo ao tratamento TH, os buquês foram imersos em calda contendo o ASM, por cinco minutos, na DR do fabricante. Em relação ao quarto artigo, verificou-se o efeito de dosagens 0, 50, 150, 300 e 450 nL.L-1 de 1-MCP sobre a antracnose da banana. As inoculações de todos os trabalhos foram realizadas com suspensão de conídios de C. musae na concentração de 106 con./mL, depositado sobre a epiderme previamente ferida. Ao final de cada ensaio foram avaliadas as características físico-químicas da banana com exceção do segundo experimento. O ASM e o AGM aplicado 12 horas antes dainoculação na dosagem comercial acrescido de 50 %, foram o mais eficientes no controle da doença. Em relação as enzimas peroxidase, polifenoloxidase, β-1,3-glucanase e β-1,4- glucanase, o AGM e o MJ foram os indutores mais eficientes em sua produção. Para a quitinase apenas o AGM destacou-se em relação aos demais. Às temperaturas ao redor de 40 a 45 ºC em todos os tempos de exposição testados foram as mais expressivas na redução da severidade da doença em relação á testemunha. No TH + ASM, para as temperaturas de 45 a 50 °C em todos os tempos de exposição e 40 °C nos tempos de 10 e 15 minutos apresentaram menor severidade da doença em relação ao TH isolado. No 1-MCP as dosagens de 150 e 50 nL.L-1 apresentaram os menores valores de severidade com 9,57 e 9,67 mm, respectivamente. Não ocorreram mudanças significativas no pH, SST e ATT, que comprometessem a comercialização e o consumo in natura da banana.

Orientador: Roberto Lyra Villas Bôas / Banca: Sarita Leonel / Banca: Carlos Ruggiero / Banca : Ana Lúcia Borges / Banca: Victor Galan Saúco / Resumo: Objetivando avaliar os efeitos de doses de adubo orgânico na produção da bananeira 'Prata-Anã' durante cinco ciclos de produção, bem como estudar a liberação de nutrientes deste adubo aplicado ao solo e também a decomposição e liberação de nutrientes dos restos culturais, o presente trabalho foi conduzido na FCA/UNESP, em Botucatu-SP no período de novembro de 2002 a julho de 2007. A fonte de adubo orgânico foi mantida a mesma desde o primeiro ciclo, aplicando-se composto produzido a partir de serragem de madeira e esterco bovino, que constituíram os tratamentos (doses de composto orgânico): 0, 43, 86, 129 e 172 kg de composto por planta, o que correspondeu a 0; 98,5; 197,0; 290,5 e 394,0 g de K2O por planta, sendo estas doses calculadas de acordo com o teor de potássio presente no mesmo. No solo, a eficiência dos tratamentos foi avaliada mediante análises químicas de amostras de solo, enquanto que nas plantas avaliaram-se os teores de nutrientes presentes nas folhas, circunferência do pseudocaule, altura de inserção da inflorescência, número de folhas por planta, massa do cacho; número de frutos por cacho; número de pencas por cacho; peso da 2ª penca e número de frutos na 2ª penca. Também foram avaliados teores de nutrientes presentes em partes da plantas e a decomposição e liberação de nutrientes dos restos culturais. Para os frutos produzidos no 4º e 5º ciclos avaliaram-se a qualidade dos frutos por meio de análises físicas e químicas como textura, pH, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis e amido da polpa. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos, cinco repetições e duas plantas por parcela, sendo os dados submetidos à análise de variância e regressão. Diante das melhorias observadas no solo (manutenção do pH dentro de uma faixa adequada, elevação nos teores da matéria orgânica, do fósforo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Aiming to evaluate the effects of organic compost rates in the production of banana plants 'Prata-Anã' in a five production cycle, as well as the nutrient liberation of this compost in the soil, the decomposition and nutrient liberation of the cultural residue, this present work was carried out at FCA/UNESP dependences, in Botucatu-SP from November of 2002 to July of 2007. The organic compost was the same produced since de first cycle, where it was applied compost produced by wood residue and bovine manure, which constituted the treatments (organic compost rates): 0, 43, 86, 129 and 172 kg of compost per plant, which corresponds to 0; 98,5; 197,0; 290,5 and 394,0 g of K2O per plant. These compost rates were calculated based on the quantity of potassium contained in the compost. The effects of organic fertilization in the soil were evaluated by chemical soil analyses. The efficiency of the treatment in plant development and production were evaluated by the quantity of nutrient present in the leaves, pseudostem circumference, plant height, number of leaves per plant, bunch weight, number of fruits in the bunch, number of hands per bunch, 2nd hand weight and number of fruits in the 2nd hand. It was also evaluated the nutrient levels in parts of the banana plants, decomposition and nutrient liberation of the cultural residues. Fruit quality produced in the 4th and 5th cycles was evaluated by physical and chemical analyses such as firmness, pH, acidity, soluble solids and starch. The experiment was arranged in randomized blocks design, with 5 treatments, 5 replications and 2 plants per plot. The obtained data were submitted to variance analyses and to regression analyses. The observed improvements in the soil (maintenance of the pH inside of an adjusted band, and the rises observed in the organic matter, phosphorus and calcium levels, as well as the addition of bases, capacity... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

No description available.

Thesis (PhD (Viticulture and Oenology. Wine Biotechnology))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / Although bananas are widely grown worldwide in many tropical and a few subtropical countries, banana beverages are still among the fruit beverages processed by use of rudimentary methods such as the use of feet or/and spear grass to extract juice. Because banana juice and beer remained on a home made basis, there is a research drive to come up with modern technologies to more effectively process bananas and to make acceptable banana juices and wines. One of the main hindrances in the production of highly desirable beverages is the pectinaceous nature of the banana fruit, which makes juice extraction and clarification very difficult. Commercial enzyme applications seem to be the major way forward in solving processing problems in order to improve banana juice and wine quality. The particular pectinolytic enzymes that were selected for this study are Rapidase CB, Rapidase TF, Rapidase X-press and OE-Lallzyme. In addition this study, investigate the applicability of recombinant yeast strains with pectinolytic, xylanolytic, glucanolytic and amylolytic activities in degrading the banana polysaccharides (pectin, xylan, glucan starch) for juice and wine extraction and product clarification. The overall objective of this research was to improve banana juice and wine by enzymatic processing techniques and to improve alcoholic fermentation and to produce limpid and shelf-stable products of clarified juice and wine. The focus was on applying the selected commercial enzyme preparations specifically for the production of better clarified banana juice and wine. This is because the turbid banana juice and beer, which contain suspended solids that are characterised by a very intense banana flavour, require a holistic approach to address challenges and opportunities in order to process pure banana beverages with desirable organoleptic qualities. The specific objectives of applying commercial enzymes in the processing of banana juice and wine, comparing with grape winemaking practices, use of recombinant yeast and analyses of various parameters in the juices and wines made have enabled generation of information that could be of help to prospective banana juice and wine processors. The research findings obtained could be used to establish a pilot plant or small-scale industry in the banana processing beverages producing large quantities,and finally the overall objective of obtaining limpid and shelf stable products would be achieved.

Orientador: Wagner Bettiol / Banca: Edson Luiz Furtado / Banca: Marcelo Augusto Boechat Morandi / Banca : Nelson Sdney Massola Júnior / Banca: Flávia Rodrigues Alves Patrício / Resumo: A murcha de Fusarium spp. em crisântemo é responsável por sérios prejuízos à cultura no Brasil. Uma alternativa para o seu controle é o uso de substrato supressivo, o qual pode ser obtido pela adição de fontes de matérias orgânicas. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo desenvolver um substrato supressivo à murcha do Fusarium em crisântemo com a introdução de matéria orgânica em substratos comerciais. Para tanto, lodo de esgoto e lodo de esgoto compostado; torta de mamona; esterco suíno; cama aviária; compostos comerciais Lanzi®; casca de camarão, biofertilizante e hidrolisado de peixe foram incorporados a substratos à base de casca de Pinus e de turfa em diferentes concentrações e combinações. Os experimentos foram realizados em propriedade produtora de crisântemo Bola-belga com problemas de Fusarium. Em todos os experimentos o número mínimo de repetições foi de 20 vasos por tratamento. Transcorridas 8, 12, 15 e 20 semanas do transplantio foi avaliada a severidade da doença por uma escala de notas de 0 para planta sadia a 5 para planta morta. Com os dados foram calculadas as áreas abaixo da curva de progresso da severidade da murcha de Fusarium. Além disso, foram realizadas análises dos atributos químicos e da atividade microbiana dos substratos bem como do desenvolvimento das plantas. O lodo de esgoto, lodo de esgoto compostado, cama aviária, casca de camarão e o composto Lanzi® induziram a supressividade do substrato à base de casca se Pinus e/ou de turfa, controlando a murcha de Fusarium. Por outro lado, esterco suíno, torta de mamona, hidrolisado de peixe, quitosana e Trichoderma asperellum não interferiram na supressividade à doença. Substratos obtidos com lodo de esgoto e cama aviária, em mistura ou não, nas concentrações de 10, 20 e 30% (v/v) foram os mais adequados do ponto de vista de indução de supressividade... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Fusarium spp. wilt causes serious damages to chrysanthemum crops in Brazil. An alternative for its control is the use of suppressive plant growth media, which can be obtained by the addition of organic matter to container media. The objective of the present work was to develop a plant growth media suppressive to the Fusarium spp. in chrysanthemum with the introduction of organic matter to commercial container media. Sewage sludge and sewage sludge compost; castorbean presscake, swine manure; poultry litter; shrimp peel, biofertilizer, chitosan and fish hydrolyzed were incorporated to pine-bark and turf container media in different concentrations and combinations. The experiments were conducted in a Belgianchrysanthemum variety producing property with a Fusarium problem. In all experiments the minimum number of repetitions was 20 containers per treatment. Eight, 12, 15 and 20 weeks following transplanting the severity of the disease was evaluated according to a progressive scale from 0 (healthy plant) to 5 (dead plant). Areas under the disease progress curve for disease severity of Fusarium wilt were calculated. Chemical and microbiological attributes of container media and plant development were analyzed. The sewage sludge, sewage sludge compost, poultry litter, shrimp peel and the Lanzi® compost induced the suppressiveness of pine bark and/or turf container media, controlling the wilt. On the other hand, swine manure, castorbean presscake, fish hydrolyzed, chitosan and Trichoderma asperellum did not affect the suppressiveness to the disease. Plant growth media with sewage sludge and poultry litter, in mixture or alone, in the concentrations of 10, 20 and 30% (v/v) were the most appropriate from the point of view of induction of suppressiveness and product quality, being the plant growth media recommended... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Ho, Sai Man. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 144-164). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.ii / ABSTRACT --- p.xii / 撮要 --- p.xv / LIST OF ABBREIVIATIONS --- p.xvi / LIST OF TABLES --- p.xvii / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.xix / Chapter Chapter 1 --- General Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Overview of lectins --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- History of lectins --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Definitions of lectins --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Classification and nomenclature of lectins based on structure --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- Classification and nomenclature of lectins based on carbohydrate-bindingspecificity --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.5 --- Structure of plant lectins --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.6 --- Biological function of plant lectins --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.6.1 --- Anti-viral activity of plant lectiins --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.6.2 --- Lectins as plant defense proteins --- p.6 / Chapter 1.1.6.3 --- Insecticidal activity of plant lectins --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1.6.4 --- Anti-fungal activity of plant lectins --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1.6.5 --- Mitogenic activity of plant lectins --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1.6.6 --- Anti-tumor and anti-proliferative activity of plant lectins --- p.9 / Chapter 1.1.7 --- Background of legume lectins --- p.11 / Chapter 1.1.7.1 --- Structure of legume lectins --- p.11 / Chapter 1.1.7.2 --- Functions and activities of legume lectins --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2 --- Overview of serine protease inhibitors in plants --- p.14 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Classification of serine protease inhibitor --- p.15 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- The main functions of plant serine protease inhibitors --- p.17 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Commercial application of serine protease inhibirtors --- p.19 / Chapter 1.2.3.1 --- Medical application --- p.19 / Chapter 1.2.3.2 --- Transgenic application in agriculture --- p.22 / Chapter 1.3 --- Overview of Pathogenesis-related proteins in plants --- p.25 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Overview of PR-5 family Thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) --- p.27 / Chapter 1.3.1.1 --- Structural similarities among TLPs --- p.28 / Chapter 1.3.1.2 --- Antifungal activity of TLP --- p.31 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Overview of Chinase-like proteins (CLPs) --- p.33 / Chapter 1.3.2.1 --- Classification of chitinase --- p.34 / Chapter 1.3.2.1.1 --- On the basis of amino acid sequence of glycosyl hydrolase --- p.34 / Chapter 1.3.2.1.2 --- On the basis of amino acid sequence of plant chitinase --- p.35 / Chapter 1.3.2.2 --- Antifungal activity of CLP --- p.36 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Anti-freeze property of PR proteins --- p.38 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- Application of PR proteins in agriculture --- p.40 / Chapter 1.4 --- Rationale of the present study --- p.42 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Materials and Methods / Chapter 2.1 --- Materials --- p.43 / Chapter 2.2 --- Preparation of crude extract --- p.44 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Hokkaido large black soybean --- p.44 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Emperor banana --- p.45 / Chapter 2.3 --- Purification --- p.45 / Chapter 2.4 --- Chromatography --- p.46 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- DEAE-cellulose chromatography --- p.46 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Affi-gel Blue gel --- p.47 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- SP-Sepharse --- p.48 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Mono Q HR 5/5 and Mono S HR 5/5 --- p.49 / Chapter 2.4.5 --- Superdex 75 and superdex 200 --- p.50 / Chapter 2.5 --- Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) --- p.50 / Chapter 2.6 --- Protein concentration determination --- p.54 / Chapter 2.7 --- Preparation of rabbit reticulocyte lysate --- p.54 / Chapter 2.8 --- Determination of N-terminal amino acid sequence --- p.56 / Chapter 2.9 --- Assay of inhibition of hemagglutinating activity by different carbohydrates --- p.56 / Chapter 2.10 --- Thermal stability determination assays --- p.57 / Chapter 2.10.1 --- Stability at various temperatures --- p.57 / Chapter 2.10.2 --- Stability at 100°C --- p.57 / Chapter 2.11 --- Assay of pH dependence of hemagglutinating activity --- p.58 / Chapter 2.12 --- Assay of ion dependence of hemagglutinating activity --- p.58 / Chapter 2.13 --- Assay of antifungal activity --- p.58 / Chapter 2.14 --- Assay of trypsin inhibitory activity --- p.60 / Chapter 2.15 --- Assay of antibacterial activity --- p.61 / Chapter 2.16 --- Assay for cytotoxic activity on cancer cell lines --- p.61 / Chapter 2.17 --- Assay for HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitory activity --- p.62 / Chapter 2.18 --- Assay of mitogenic activity --- p.63 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Purification and Characterization of Defense-Related Proteins from their Respective Sources / Chapter 3.1 --- Purification and Characterization of a Lectin from the Seeds of Hokkaido large black soybean / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Introduction --- p.65 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Results --- p.66 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Purification --- p.68 / Chapter 3.1.3.1 --- Affinity chromatography on Affi-gel Blue gel --- p.69 / Chapter 3.1.3.2 --- Anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose --- p.70 / Chapter 3.1.3.3 --- Anion-exchange chromatography on Mono Q column --- p.71 / Chapter 3.1.3.4 --- Gel filtration on Superdex 200 column --- p.72 / Chapter 3.1.3.5 --- Hemagglutinating activity at each purification step --- p.73 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Characterization of Lectin --- p.74 / Chapter 3.1.4.1 --- Molecular mass determination --- p.74 / Chapter 3.1.4.2 --- N-terminal amino acid sequencing --- p.76 / Chapter 3.1.4.3 --- Assay of inhibition of hemagglutinating activity by different carbohydrates --- p.77 / Chapter 3.1.4.4 --- Thermal stability --- p.78 / Chapter 3.1.4.5 --- Assay of pH dependence of hemagglutinating activity --- p.80 / Chapter 3.1.4.6 --- Assay of ion dependence of hemagglutinating activity --- p.81 / Chapter 3.1.4.7 --- Assay for HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitory activity --- p.82 / Chapter 3.1.4.8 --- Assay of mitogenic activity --- p.83 / Chapter 3.1.4.9 --- Assay of antibacterial activity --- p.84 / Chapter 3.1.5 --- Discussion --- p.86 / Chapter 3.2 --- Purification and Characterization of a Trypsin inhibitor from the Seeds of Hokkaido large black soybean / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Introduction --- p.93 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Results --- p.94 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Purification --- p.95 / Chapter 3.2.3.1 --- Anion-exchange chromatography on Mono Q column --- p.96 / Chapter 3.2.3.2 --- Gel filtration on Superdex 75 column --- p.98 / Chapter 3.2.3.3 --- Trypsin inhibitory activity at each purification step --- p.99 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Characterization of trypsin inhibitory --- p.100 / Chapter 3.2.4.1 --- Molecular mass determination --- p.100 / Chapter 3.2.4.2 --- N-terminal amino acid sequencing --- p.102 / Chapter 3.2.4.3 --- Assay for HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitory activity --- p.103 / Chapter 3.2.4.4 --- Antiproliferative effect on MCF-7 and Hep G2 cells --- p.104 / Chapter 3.2.4.5 --- pH and thermal stability --- p.105 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Discussion --- p.106 / Chapter 3.3 --- Purification and Characterization of a Thaumatin-like protein and Chitinase-like protein from Emperor Banana / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Introduction --- p.108 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Results --- p.109 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Purification --- p.111 / Chapter 3.3.3.1 --- Affinity chromatography on Affi-gel Blue gel --- p.112 / Chapter 3.3.3.2 --- Cation exchange chromatography on Mono S column --- p.113 / Chapter 3.3.3.3 --- Gel filtration on Superdex 75 column --- p.114 / Chapter 3.3.3.3.1 --- Fraction MS 2 --- p.114 / Chapter 3.3.3.3.2 --- Fraction MS 4 --- p.115 / Chapter 3.3.3.3.3 --- Fraction MS 5 --- p.118 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Characterization of the thaumatin-like protein --- p.121 / Chapter 3.3.4.1 --- N-terminal amino acid sequence determination --- p.121 / Chapter 3.3.4.2 --- Assay for antifungal activity --- p.122 / Chapter 3.3.4.3 --- Thermal stability --- p.124 / Chapter 3.3.4.4 --- pH stability --- p.125 / Chapter 3.3.4.5 --- Resistance to trypsin digestion --- p.125 / Chapter 3.3.4.6 --- Anti-HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity --- p.126 / Chapter 3.3.4.7 --- Discussion --- p.127 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Characterization of the two chitinase-like protein --- p.131 / Chapter 3.3.5.1 --- N-terminal amino acid sequence determination --- p.131 / Chapter 3.3.5.1.1 --- Emperor banana MS2 CLP --- p.131 / Chapter 3.3.5.1.2 --- Emperor banana MS4 CLP --- p.132 / Chapter 3.3.5.2 --- Assay for antifungal activity --- p.133 / Chapter 3.3.5.3 --- Discussion --- p.136 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- general discussion --- p.138 / References --- p.144

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-12-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:44:47Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pinto_zv_dr_botfca.pdf: 894968 bytes, checksum: 522dc825bbc64c7631c86fa63430a259 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A murcha de Fusarium spp. em crisântemo é responsável por sérios prejuízos à cultura no Brasil. Uma alternativa para o seu controle é o uso de substrato supressivo, o qual pode ser obtido pela adição de fontes de matérias orgânicas. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo desenvolver um substrato supressivo à murcha do Fusarium em crisântemo com a introdução de matéria orgânica em substratos comerciais. Para tanto, lodo de esgoto e lodo de esgoto compostado; torta de mamona; esterco suíno; cama aviária; compostos comerciais Lanzi®; casca de camarão, biofertilizante e hidrolisado de peixe foram incorporados a substratos à base de casca de Pinus e de turfa em diferentes concentrações e combinações. Os experimentos foram realizados em propriedade produtora de crisântemo Bola-belga com problemas de Fusarium. Em todos os experimentos o número mínimo de repetições foi de 20 vasos por tratamento. Transcorridas 8, 12, 15 e 20 semanas do transplantio foi avaliada a severidade da doença por uma escala de notas de 0 para planta sadia a 5 para planta morta. Com os dados foram calculadas as áreas abaixo da curva de progresso da severidade da murcha de Fusarium. Além disso, foram realizadas análises dos atributos químicos e da atividade microbiana dos substratos bem como do desenvolvimento das plantas. O lodo de esgoto, lodo de esgoto compostado, cama aviária, casca de camarão e o composto Lanzi® induziram a supressividade do substrato à base de casca se Pinus e/ou de turfa, controlando a murcha de Fusarium. Por outro lado, esterco suíno, torta de mamona, hidrolisado de peixe, quitosana e Trichoderma asperellum não interferiram na supressividade à doença. Substratos obtidos com lodo de esgoto e cama aviária, em mistura ou não, nas concentrações de 10, 20 e 30% (v/v) foram os mais adequados do ponto de vista de indução de supressividade... / Fusarium spp. wilt causes serious damages to chrysanthemum crops in Brazil. An alternative for its control is the use of suppressive plant growth media, which can be obtained by the addition of organic matter to container media. The objective of the present work was to develop a plant growth media suppressive to the Fusarium spp. in chrysanthemum with the introduction of organic matter to commercial container media. Sewage sludge and sewage sludge compost; castorbean presscake, swine manure; poultry litter; shrimp peel, biofertilizer, chitosan and fish hydrolyzed were incorporated to pine-bark and turf container media in different concentrations and combinations. The experiments were conducted in a Belgianchrysanthemum variety producing property with a Fusarium problem. In all experiments the minimum number of repetitions was 20 containers per treatment. Eight, 12, 15 and 20 weeks following transplanting the severity of the disease was evaluated according to a progressive scale from 0 (healthy plant) to 5 (dead plant). Areas under the disease progress curve for disease severity of Fusarium wilt were calculated. Chemical and microbiological attributes of container media and plant development were analyzed. The sewage sludge, sewage sludge compost, poultry litter, shrimp peel and the Lanzi® compost induced the suppressiveness of pine bark and/or turf container media, controlling the wilt. On the other hand, swine manure, castorbean presscake, fish hydrolyzed, chitosan and Trichoderma asperellum did not affect the suppressiveness to the disease. Plant growth media with sewage sludge and poultry litter, in mixture or alone, in the concentrations of 10, 20 and 30% (v/v) were the most appropriate from the point of view of induction of suppressiveness and product quality, being the plant growth media recommended... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2017-03-27T15:29:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tereza Cristina de Assis.pdf: 813581 bytes, checksum: 8b96b058018eb3373d6a748191e4e45c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-27T15:29:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tereza Cristina de Assis.pdf: 813581 bytes, checksum: 8b96b058018eb3373d6a748191e4e45c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The expressive increase in production of tropical flowers in Pernambuco indicates the State rising interest in ornamentals. This study had the objectives of: 1) screening plant parasitic nematodes in Zingiberales (Etlingera elatior, Zingiber spectabilis, Alpinia purpurata, Musa coccinea, Tapeinoquilos ananassae e Heliconia spp.) producing areas of Pernambuco, 2) predicting number of samples for nematodes monitoring at different acceptable error levels, 3) studying the effect of resistance abiotic inductors on nematode comunity associated with plant roots and soil, 4) evaluating enzymes activity in E. elatior, and 5) evaluating enzymes production in A. purpurata infected with Meloidogyne incognita. Samples (soil and roots of nematode parasited plants) were collected in producing areas from 2002 to 2004. Populational density of plant parasitic nematodes were evaluated and used to predict number of samples for monitoring. The study of induction resistance was carried out in one and two years old plants of a commercial area, fromSeptember to December in 2005. Acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), potassium silicate and neem cake were used as inductors, being analyzed free living and plant parasitic nematodes population density, area under nematode population density curve (AUNPDC), reproduction factor (RF), diameter of plant stem, β-1,3-glucanase and peroxidase activity. Enzymatic activity of esterase, phosphatase and peroxydase was evaluated in A. purpurata infected with M. incognita. Pratylenhus sp., Rotylenchulus sp., Meloidogyne spp., Helicotylenchus sp. and Criconemella sp. were frequents in most of samples. Symptoms of root-knot nematodes were verified in 100 % of the growing areas, being levels of Meloidogyne spp. considered high, up to 375 nematodes per 300 cm3 soil and 6090 nematodes per 20 g of roots, considering different areas and hosts. Among Meloidogyne species, M. incognita, M. arenaria and M. javanica were detected. Data analysis indicatedthat at least 11, 20, 10, 18 and 10 samples per area are recommended for monitoring the genus Pratylenchus, Rotylenchulus, Meloidogyne, Helicotylenchus and Criconemella, respectively, at 20 % error. The associations M. arenaria with E. elatior, Rotylenchulus sp. with A. purpurata, Heliconia spp. and M. coccinia, and Criconemella sp. with A. purpurata consisted of the first occurrence report in Pernambuco, Brazil. ASM was the best resistance inductor, reducing M. incognita population density, AUNPDC and FR with results similar to the nematicide control, but with no influence on free living nematodes in soil. Fitotoxic symptoms were not verified in any treatment. The action of ASM seems to be more related with peroxidases production than the β-1,3-glucanases activity in the plant. Among all of the inductors evaluated, ASM was the most effective inducing resistance against M. incognita in E. elatior. Enzymatic production was higher in A. purpurataparasited than in the controls. The acid phosphatase activity was high in contrast with the low esterase and peroxydase activity expressed in parasited plants. / O aumento expressivo na área plantada com ornamentais tropicais em Pernambuco reflete o crescente interesse pela floricultura no Estado. Este estudo teve por objetivos: 1) realizar levantamento de fitonematóides em áreas produtoras de Zingiberales em Pernambuco, 2) estimar o número de amostras recomendado para monitoramento, 3) avaliar os efeitos de indutores abióticos de resistência sobre a nematofauna associada à rizosfera, 4) avaliar a atividade de enzimas em plantas de bastão do imperador (Etlingera elatior), 5) analisar a produção de enzimas em plantas de alpínia (Alpinia purpurata) sob parasitismo de Meloidogyne incognita. No período de 2002 a 2004, foram visitadas 10 áreas produtoras de Zingiberales ornamentais (Etlingera elatior, Zingiber spectabilis, Alpinia purpurata, Musa coccinea, Tapeinochilos ananassae e Heliconia spp.), no estado de Pernambuco. Em cada propriedade, foram coletadas raízes de plantas parasitadas por fitonematóides e solo da rizosfera. Após processamento das amostras, foram determinadas as densidades populacionais dos gênerosde nematóides presentes e estimado o número recomendado de amostras para monitoramento, considerando diferentes níveis de erro aceitável. O estudo com indutores foi desenvolvido em plantio comercial, com plantas cultivadas por um e dois anos, no período de setembro a dezembro de 2005. Acibenzolar-S-metil (ASM), silicato de potássio e torta de nim foram utilizados como indutores. Foram analisadas a densidade populacional de nematóides parasitos e de vida livre, curva de densidade populacional dos nematóides, área abaixo da curva da densidade populacional(AACDP), fator de reprodução (FR), diâmetro do pecíolo e atividade das enzimas β-1,3-glucanase e peroxidase. No estudo de enzimas em plantas de alpínia, sob parasitismo de M. incognita foram determinadas as atividades da esterase, fosfatase ácida e peroxidase. No levantamento, constatou-se ocorrência freqüente dos gêneros: Pratylenhus, Rotylenchulus,Meloidogyne, Helicotylenchus e Criconemella. Sintomas da meloidoginose foram constatados em 100 % das áreas de plantio, com os níveis populacionais médios de Meloidogyne spp. elevados, alcançando 375 espécimes/300 cm3 de solo e 6090 espécimes/20 g de raízes, considerando diferentes hospedeiros e áreas. Entre as espécies de Meloidogyne foram detectadas M. incognita, M. arenaria e M. javanica. As estimativas do número de amostras indicaram que pelo menos 11, 20, 10, 18 e 10 amostras por área são recomendadas para monitoramento dos gêneros Pratylenchus, Rotylenchulus, Meloidogyne, Helicotylenchus e Criconemella, respectivamente, considerando um nível de erro de 20 %. As associações M. arenaria com E. elatior, Rotylenchulus sp. com A. purpurata, Heliconia spp. e M. coccinia, e Criconemella sp. com A. purpurata constituíram os primeiros relatos da ocorrência em Pernambuco. ASM reduziu a densidade populacional, AACDP e FR de M. incognita, apresentando resultados semelhantes aos obtidos pelo nematicida, destacando-se dos demais tratamentos, sem no entanto influenciar negativamente as populações de outros nematóides presentes no solo. Não foram verificados sintomas de fitotoxidez em nenhum dos tratamentos realizados. A ação do ASM mostrou-se mais relacionada com a produção de peroxidases do que com a atividade de β-1,3-glucanases em plantas de bastão do imperador. A produção de enzimas foi maior em A. purpurata parasitada do que na testemunha. A maior atividade foi verificada pela enzima fosfatase ácida, enquanto esterase e peroxidase expressaram fraca atividade em plantas parasitadas.

PhD (Agriculture) / Department of Food Science