Este trabalho apresenta uma reflexão sobre a música do compositor soviético Dmítri Chostakóvitch baseada na análise da Sinfonia nº 10 op. 93. Concluída logo após a morte de Jôsef Stálin, a obra carrega notáveis marcas de seu tempo e sua leitura demanda um cuidadoso estudo das questões relativas à significação musical, em especial uma discussão do conceito de ironia aplicado à música em suas mais diversas manifestações, desde a construção de estruturas musicais expressivas até a disposição de elementos singulares, que requerem uma leitura semiótica. Esta abordagem alinha-se com a perspectiva discursiva que relaciona ironia, intertextualidade e interdiscursividade: o cruzamento de vozes e a confluência de discursos, que constituem elementos fundamentais do conceito de polifonia proposto por Mikhaíl Bakhtín, são identificados aqui como uma chave de leitura capaz de evidenciar, também na música, a ironia como elemento estruturante. A análise da Sinfonia nº 10 a partir dessa perspectiva dá fundamento a novas hipóteses interpretativas e estéticas sobre a obra de Chostakóvitch, evidenciando no texto musical as contradições que surgem no desdobramento analítico do discurso sinfônico e confrontando a crítica histórica da música de Chostakóvitch com uma interpretação semiótica baseada na teoria dos tópicos musicais, desenvolvida a partir das propostas de Leonard Ratner. / The purpose of this work is to present a reflection about the music of the Soviet composer Dmitri Shostakovich based on an analysis of the Symphony no. 10 op. 93. Written immediately after Joseph Stalin\'s death, the symphony carries remarkable traces of its time, and the unfolding of its singularities demands a careful study of musical signification\'s issues, specially a discussion about the concept of irony applied to music in its various manifestations, from the expressive construction of musical structures to the disposition of singular elements. This kind of analysis requires a wide theoretical perspective, which includes a semiotic approach. This analysis is thus aligned with the discursive perspective that relates irony, intertextuality and interdiscursivity: the voice-crossing and discourse confluence, which constitute fundamental elements of Mikhail Bakhtin\'s concept of polyphony, are taken as keys to identify irony as a structural element in music as well. The analysis of the Symphony no. 10 from this perspective grounds new interpretative and aesthetic hypotheses about Shostakovich\'s music, by revealing on the musical text the contradictions which emerge at the level of symphonic discourse, and by confronting the historical criticism of Shostakovich\'s music with a semiotic interpretation based on topic theory proposed after Leonard Ratner.

La musique arabo-andalouse a fait l’objet d’une littérature abondante dès la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle : dans un premier temps, à travers un regard orientaliste nourri par un esprit de curiosité en quête d’exotisme, puis à travers des essais de transcription et des travaux musicologiques axés sur l’étude et la classification des corpus. Fruit d’une longue gestation commune, les répertoires arabo-andalous sont soumis à des fluctuations d’origine aussi bien exogène qu’endogène. Malheureusement, l’approche comparative des variantes maghrébines et l’analyse approfondie des échelles musicales restent peu explorées. Cette thèse propose une étude analytique et comparative de trois ţubūˁ maghrébins à échelles homologues : l’Asbaˁayn tunisien, le Zidāne algérien et le Hijāz al-Kabīr marocain. L’identification des comportements mélodiques inhérents aux trois corpus est réalisée par la combinaison de plusieurs démarches analytiques. Le traitement statistique des mélodies (occurrences et durées des hauteurs, finales internes, degrés fondamentaux…) sera suivi par une analyse paradigmatique basée sur le repérage des schémas conclusifs. Une étude empirique, s’appuyant sur l’interprétation de mesures fréquentielles, permettra la comparaison des rapports d’intervalles et des amplitudes de fluctuation des différentes hauteurs de notes. Notre première partie sera fondée sur une approche diachronique démontrant d’un côté le caractère dynamique des répertoires étudiés et justifiant d’autre part certaines divergences et convergences déduites des différentes analyses. / The Arab-Andalusian music has been the object of an abundant literature from the second half of the 19th century: at first, through an Orientalist perspective fed by a spirit of curiosity in search of exoticism, then through transcription attempts and musicological research focused on the study and the classification of the corpuses. Fruit of a long common gestation, the Arab-Andalusian repertoires are influenced by exogenous and endogenous fluctuations. Unfortunately, the comparative approach of the variants from the Maghreb and the thorough analysis of musical scales remain little explored. This thesis proposes an analytical and comparative study of three North African ţubū, with equivalent scales: Tunisian Aşbaˁayn, Algerian Zīdāne and the Moroccan Hijāz al-Kabīr. The identification of melodic behaviors inherent to the three corpuses is reached by the combination of several analytical approaches. The statistical processing of melodies (occurrences, notes duration, internal finales, and fundamental degrees) will be followed by a paradigmatic analysis based on conclusive patterns. An empirical study, based on the interpretation of frequency measurements, will allow us to compare intervals ratios and the variation margin of note pitches. The first part deals with a diachronic approach demonstrating, on the one hand, the dynamic character of the studied directories and on the other side, justifying certain differences and convergences deduced from the various analysis.

Le présent travail s’inscrit dans une perspective d’interprétation du phénomène de l’interaction musicale comme expérience esthétique dans les contextes inter- et trans-culturels du jazz post-1969. À partir d’une révision critique des approches musicologiques traditionnelles sur l’interaction dans le jazz nous proposons la formalisation du concept herméneutique de « Lieu interactionnel-formatif » consistant en un ensemble de conditions qui caractérise l’expérience esthétique interactionnelle comme un processus dynamique de constitution et de reconnaissance mutuelle de la règle artistique qui, indépendamment du programme poétique pré-adopté, conduit la performance musicale improvisée au statut d’œuvre. Deux apports décisifs fondent cette conception et sont traités dans la première partie du travail : la Théorie de la formativité, du philosophe italien Luigi Pareyson, et la phénoménologie et taxinomie de l’expérience musicale comme formativité audiotactile, de Vincenzo Caporaletti. Cette réflexion s’occupe essentiellement de fournir une vision approfondie des propriétés de la formativité pareysonienne, notamment l’idée d’isomorphisme personne/œuvre, intégrées et articulées à la spécification anthropologico-cognitive-culturelle de la Théorie de la formativité audiotactile présentant ainsi une contribution philologique de la conceptualisation caporalettienne, et permettant une confrontation de ces deux apports avec la problématique générale de l’interaction. Finalement, dans la seconde partie du travail, nous proposons une formalisation des dimensions interpersonnelle, contextuelle, et systémique du « Lieu interactionnel-formatif », et une série de trois essais analytiques. / This study consists of a hermeneutic approach of the phenomenon of musical interaction as aesthetic experience, within the inter- and trans-cultural contexts of the post-1969 jazz. A critical review of the traditional musicological analysis on the subject of interaction in jazz was an essential tool for this work to propose a formalization of the hermeneutical concept of the “Interactional-Formative Space” [IFS], which consists of a set of conditions that institutes the interactional aesthetic experience as a dynamic process of constitution and mutual recognition of the artistic rules that, regardless of the poetic agenda pre-adopted, can lead the improvised musical performance into being work of art. There are two key approaches to this conception, which we discuss in the first part of this work: the formativity theory of the Italian philosopher Luigi Pareyson, and the phenomenology and taxonomy of the music experience as audiotactile formativity of Vincenzo Caporaletti. Our main purpose is to build an in-depth view of some characteristics of the Pareysonian formativity, particularly the one regarding the isomorphism between the person and the work in process, alongside with the cultural-cognitive-anthropologic design of the audiotactile formativity theory, which results in a philological contribution to the conceptualization of Caporaletti, making way for a confrontation between these two theoretical systems and the general problem of the interaction. Finally, in the second part, we propose the formalization of the interpersonal, contextual, and systemic dimensions of the IFS and also a series of three analytical essays.

Setting a very famous Metastasio's libreto Semiramide riconosciuta to music in Prague in 1752, Giovanni Marco Rutini has ranked among the best composers of his time. The aim of this thesis is to explore the process of this production coming to light: the influence of changes in the original libretto in the beginning to the impact of music later. Researching the context of the Prague theatre productions in the 1750s, we were further able to make some suggestions about the reasons of these changes/interpretations. Studying the dramaturgical level of this composition in the first place, we were using comparison and stylistic analytical methods which showed Rutini as a very creative composer with a sense of dramatical situations and a characterization skills. Key words: Giovanni Marco Rutini, Semiramide riconosciuta, Pietro Metastasio, Giovanni Battista Locatelli, Christoph Willibald Gluck, dramaturgy of opera, musical analysis

Music analysis and source separation have become important and allied areas of research over the last decade. Towards this, analyzing a music signal for important events such as onsets, offsets and transients are important problems. These tasks help in music source separation and transcription. Approaches in source separation too have been making great strides, but most of these techniques are aimed at Western music and fail to perform well for Indian music. The fluid style of instrumentation in Indian music requires a slightly modified approach to analysis and source separation. We propose an onset detection algorithm that is motivated by the human auditory system. This algorithm has the advantage of having a unified framework for the detection of both onsets and offsets in music signals. This onset detection algorithm is further extended to detect percussive transients. Percussive transients have sharp onsets followed closely by sharp offsets. This characteristic is exploited in the percussive transients detection algorithm. This detection does not lend itself well to the extraction of transients and hence we propose an iterative algorithm to extract all types of transients from a polyphonic music signal. The proposed iterative algorithm is both fast and accurate to extract transients of various strengths. This problem of transient extraction can be extended to the problem of harmonic/percussion sound separation(HPSS), where a music signal is separated into two streams consisting of components mainly from percussion and harmonic instruments. Many algorithms that have been proposed till date deal with HPSS for Western music. But with Indian classical/film music, a different style of instrumentation or singing is seen, including high degree of vibratos or glissando content. This requires new approaches to HPSS. We propose extensions to two existing HPSS techniques, adapting them for Indian music. In both the extensions, we retain the original framework of the algorithm, showing that it is easy to incorporate the changes needed to handle Indian music. We also propose a new HPSS algorithm that is inspired by our transient extraction technique. This algorithm can be considered a generalized extension to our transient extraction algorithm and showcases our view that HPSS can be considered as an extension to transient analysis. Even the best HPSS techniques have leakages of harmonic components into percussion and this can lead to poor performances in tasks like rhythm analysis. In order to reduce this leakage, we propose a post processing technique on the percussion stream of the HPSS algorithm. The proposed method utilizes signal stitching by exploiting a commonly used model for percussive envelopes. We also developed a vocals extraction algorithm from the harmonic stream of the HPSS algorithm. The vocals extraction follows the popular paradigm of extracting the predominant pitch followed by generation of the vocals signal corresponding to the pitch. We show that HPSS as a pre-processing technique gives an advantage in reducing the interference from percussive sources in the extraction stage. It is also shown that the performance of vocal extraction algorithms improve with the knowledge about locations of the vocal segments. This is shown with the help of an oracle to locate the vocal segments. The use of the oracle greatly reduces the interferences from other dominating sources in the extracted vocals signal.

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The Concerto for Bassoon by Andrzej Panufnik is a valuable addition to bassoon literature. It provides a rare opportunity for the bassoon soloist to perform a piece which is strongly programmatic. The purpose of this document is to examine the historical and theoretical context of the Concerto for Bassoon with special emphasis drawn to Panufnik's understanding of religion in connection with Polish national identity and the national struggle for democratic independence galvanized by the murder of Father Jerzy Popieluszko in 1984. Panufnik's relationship with the Polish communist regime, both prior to and after his 1954 defection to England, is explored at length. Each of these aspects informed Panufnik's compositional approach and the expressive qualities inherent in the Concerto for Bassoon. The Concerto for Bassoon was commissioned by the Polanki Society of Milwaukee, Wisconsin and was premiered by the Milwaukee Chamber Players, with Robert Thompson as the soloist. While Panufnik intended the piece to serve as a protest against the repression of the Soviet government in Poland, the U. S. context of the commission and premiere is also examined. Additionally, the original manuscript and subsequent piano reduction are compared. Although the Concerto for Bassoon has been subject to formal analysis by several scholars, discussion of the piece is generally contained within a larger discussion of several other compositions, and a comprehensive analysis of the piece has not yet been presented. This document contains a thorough formal analysis of all movements, as well as analysis of Panufnik's compositional style within the context of serialism, postmodernism, and the new Polish school of composition. The Concerto fro Bassoon features several devices common to Panufnik's larger opus, including the se of a common three-note cell, strong contrasts between section and movements, and symmetrical patterns of transposition, metric alteration, dynamic alteration, and registral expansion.

Philip Glass's minimalist opera The Voyage commemorates the 500th Anniversary of Christopher Columbus's discovery of America. In the opera, Philip Glass, like other composers, expresses singers' and non-singers' words and activities by means of melodies, rhythms, chords, textures, timbres, and dynamics. In addition to these traditional musical expressions, successions of reiterating materials (RMs, two or more iterations of materials) and non reiterating materials (NRMs) become new musical expressions. However, dividing materials into theses two categories only distinguishes NRMs from RMs without exploring relations among them in successions. For instance, a listener cannot perceive the functional relations between a partial iteration of the RM and the NRM following the partial RM because both the partial RM and the NRM are NRMs. As a result, a listener hears a succession of NRM followed by another NRM. When an analyst relabels the partial RM as partial loop, and the NRM following the partial RM as loop breaker, a listener hears the NRM as a loop breaker causing a partial loop. The musical functions of loops and loop breakers concern a listener's expectations of the creation, sustaining, departure, and return to the norm in successions of loops and loop breakers. When a listener associates the satisfaction and dissatisfaction of these expectations with dramatic devices such as incidents, words in dialogues and soliloquies, and activities by singers and non-singers, loops and loop breakers in successions become dramatically functional. This dissertation explores the relations among musical and dramatic functions of loops and loop breakers in Glass's musical commemoration of Columbus.

Cette thèse montre que la musique participe activement à la production des identités et des valeurs dans la communication politique pour la conquête et la conservation du pouvoir. La musique, de par sa capacité à fédérer des émotions par des rituels, fait partie des outils symboliques privilégiés dans les stratégies de production et de légitimation de l’imaginaire, afin de produire et structurer les émotions (comme le sentiment d’appartenance, la sensation de « bien-être », l’identité sociale et politique, etc.). Or, aucune théorie en science politique n’a, à ce jour, vraiment expliqué en quoi la musique est constitutive d’idées et de valeurs politiques.Riche d’un corpus empirique original pour la science politique, composé de partitions musicales et d’une centaine d’archives audiovisuelles (clips et hymnes de campagne), cette thèse propose de faire une histoire des esthétiques musicales du pouvoir et de comprendre l’articulation entre les caractéristiques musicales intrinsèques (tonalité, rythme, timbre, hauteur, volume, etc.) et les finalités politiques du pouvoir. L’étude des invariants de la musique du pouvoir amène à questionner d’une part, l’héritage historique et les fondamentaux de la musique du pouvoir et, d’autre part, les stratégiesmusicales prises dans la communication politique contemporaines en régime pluraliste. / This thesis shows that music actively contributes to the production of identities and values in political communication for the conquest and preservation of power. Music, through its ability to federate emotions using rituals, is an important symbolic tool in strategies of production and legitimization of an imaginary, to produce and structure emotions (such as the feeling of belonging, the feeling of « wellbeing », social and political identity, etc.). Yet, to this day, no theory in political science has really explained how music is constituent of ideas and political values.Filled with an empirical corpus that is original for political science, which consists of musical scores and hundreds of audio-visual archives (videoclips and campaign songs), this thesis offers to tell a story of power’s musical aesthetics, and to understand the link between intrinsic musical characteristics (tonality, rhythm, timbre, pitch, volume, etc) and the political goals of power. The study of the constants in music for/from power leads us to question firstly its foundations and historical legacy, and secondly the musical strategies used in political communication of the contemporary pluralist system.

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