Gender roles are a tool used by society to set acceptable boundaries and ideals upon the sexes, and during the early part of the twentieth century in America those gender boundaries began to blur. As a result of the 19th Amendment, men must have felt their decreasing importance because women were no longer solely dependent upon them, and gender roles shifted as woman began to occupy territory that was traditionally held by men. The “New Woman" entered the workforce, and refused to accept traditional female gender conventions. In response to the “New Woman," Theodore Roosevelt and other leading males sought to reinforce the ideal of the male as the protector and provider. As woman took on characteristics commonly associated with men, men now had to grapple with a changing gender identity that often left them confused and frustrated. Willa Sibert Cather's life reflects the fluctuating gender conventions of early twentieth century America as she struggled to define her gender identity. In her youth, Cather chopped her hair and dressed like a boy. She also spent time dissecting frogs and called herself “William Cather, M.D." Cather's cross-dressing reveals her unconventional core and her desire to define herself regardless of societal expectations. Cather also had many close relationships with woman, and these close relationships have led many scholars to label her a lesbian. Cather, however, left us a mystery surrounding her gender preference because she never openly called herself a lesbian. Cather's supposed lesbianism is useful because it reveals the ambiguity of her personality. Cather is paradox because she sought for self-definition, but she also suffered from an identity crisis. By using the shifting nature of gender roles in the America during the early decades of the twentieth century and Cather's confused and unconventional life as a backdrop, I would argue that My Ántonia (1918), The Professor's House (1925), and “Neighbor Rosicky (1932)" reveal the consequences of gender roles. Cather's novels and short story should be analyzed for her interest in exploring male reaction to prescribed gender roles which, ultimately, reveals Cather's attitude towards the existence of gender conventions. Cather advocated for a more fluid and balance way of defining male and female roles. Cather's novel My Ántonia and The Professor's House reveal the consequences of gender roles because both Jim and Professor St. Peter are frustrated, fearful, unsatisfied, ambiguous, and unhappy with the roles that they have been playing. In sharp contrast to these two novels is Cather's delightful short story entitled “Neighbor Rosicky." In this short story Cather presents a protagonist who is whole and balanced. “Neighbor Rosicky" is Cather's statement regarding the importance and beauty of self-definition. Ultimately, her literature can be viewed as a rejection of both male and female gender qualities which demonstrates that Cather and her fiction cannot be reduced to an identity agenda.

A reexamination of John Donne's Holy Sonnet “Batter my heart,” especially one looking at the sonnet's relationship to Early Modern rhetoric, is long overdue. In this paper, I hope to show that a focus on Donne's relationship to Early Modern rhetoric yields several useful new insights. I argue specifically that Donne was probably exposed to Non-Ramist rhetorical methods and theory at many points in his education, from his childhood to his college years to his years at the Inns of Court. Furthermore, Non-Ramist rhetoric has moral implications, suggesting that aspects of an author's feelings, character, and desires can be analyzed by looking at the writer's rhetorical choices in relation to a specific audience in a specific situation. After discussing Donne's rhetorical education, I will look at how the rhetorical decisions of the poetic speaker in Donne's “Batter my heart” reveal his opinions of God and develop his attitudes toward God over the course of the poem. Indeed, the poetic speaker uses rhetoric that exerts power back on him, causing him to change: whereas at the beginning of the poem the poetic speaker thinks he controls his relationship with God, at the end he sees himself as God's humble subject. Ultimately, the poetic speaker's feelings of utter separation from God at the end of the poem actually yield a sense that he has found God and has gained a sense of awe surrounding the Divine.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Bakgrund: Att vara förälder innebär ofta krav och olika stressfaktorer i vardagen. Individens aktivitetskompetens och hur individen värderar utförandet av aktivitet kan förändras. Syfte: Syftet var att kartlägga hur föräldrar skattar sin aktivitetskompetens och värdering av att utföra aktiviteter under det första året med det nya barnet i familjen. Metod: Kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie genomfördes genom webbaserad enkät med bakgrundsfrågor och instrumentet OSA-S. Urvalet gjordes via Facebook, totalt antal deltagare var 176. Data analyserades deskriptivt och analytiskt. T-test på beroende och oberoende variabler användes. Resultat: Medelvärdet skattad värdering av aktivitet påvisades högre än skattad aktivitetskompetens (p=<0,01). “Har dagliga rutiner som jag är nöjd med” påvisades en skillnad av hur individer boende på landsbygd skattar aktivitetskompetens lägre än de boende i tätort, (p=0,042). Slutsats: Föräldrar upplever aktivitetskompetensen fungerar bra. Dock är avkoppling och nöje svårare aktiviteter att utföra, dessa värderas som mindre viktiga. Inga skillnader identifierades beroende på omfattningen av stöd. Resultatet kan användas för ökad förståelse för föräldrars förmåga att utföra aktiviteter under småbarnsåren. Implikationer: Arbetsterapi kan hjälpa föräldrar att hitta balans mellan att ta hand om familjen och att ägna tid åt egna behov, vilket främjar hälsa och välbefinnande hos föräldern. Arbetsterapeuter kan stödja föräldrar genom olika strategier för minskad stress. / Background: Being a parent often involves demands and various stressors in everyday life. The individual's activity competence and how the individual values the performance of activity can change. Aim: The aim was to map how parents estimate their activity competence and valuation of performing activities during the first year with the new child in the family. Method: Quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted through a web-based questionnaire with background questions and the instrument OSA-S. Sampling was done via Facebook, total number of participants was 176. Data were analyzed descriptively and analytically. T-tests on dependent and independent variables were used. Results: The mean estimated valuation of activity was found to be higher than estimated activity competence (p=<0.01). "Having daily routines that I am satisfied with" revealed a difference in how individuals living in rural areas rate activity competence lower than those living in urban areas, (p=0.042). Conclusion: Parents feel that activity competence works well. However, relaxation and pleasure are more difficult activities to perform, these are valued as less important. No differences were identified according to the level of support. The results can be used to increase understanding of parents' ability to perform activities during the toddler years. Implications: Occupational therapy can help parents to find a balance between caring for the family and spending time on their own needs, promoting health and well-being of the parent. Occupational therapists can support parents through various stress reduction strategies.

Autobiographical writing acquired increasing importance during the apartheid period, with greater numbers of autobiographical texts being published by a more representative range of South Africans across race, class and gender categories. This thesis analyzes the implications of shifts in autobiographical production, in English, during the years 1948-1994 through the examination of selected texts. The readings are informed by poststructuralism, modified by information about indigenous black South African cultural practices, as well as by input supplied by some of the autobiographical texts themselves. This theoretical approach may be referred to as a "pratique de metissage" (Glissant). The texts selected for close reading are from a field of over 120 autobiographical texts. They were chosen for their ability to illustrate important trends in South African autobiographical writing, specifically with regard to the three constituent parts of autobiography: autos, bios, and graphe. The chapter dealing with the depiction of self interrogates the hierarchized discourses of male-biased humanism in Roy Campbell's Light on a Dark Horse (1951). In Ellen Kuzwayo's Call Me Woman (1985) I analyze the melding of the conceptual frameworks of indigenous black cultures and Western individualism by which the autobiographical subject is defined. Breyten Breytenbach's The True Confessions of an Albino Terrorist (1984) is read as an exploration of the postmodernist decentred self. In the chapter focusing on the portrayal of life experiences, I examine the ways in which the narrator of Albert Luthuli's Let My People Go (1962) seeks to secure the reader's approval of his version of recent South African history; while the analysis of the sub-genre referred to here as worker autobiography is principally concerned with the politics of life-writing. In Chapter 5, I look at how Godfrey Moloi's My Life: Volume One (1987) uses the discourses of popular American movies of the 40s and 50s in order to validate a self victimized by racism, and also at the ways in which Lyndall Gordon's Shared Lives (1992) probes the limits and possibilities of biography through autobiographical speculation. In general, apartheid autobiography moves away from individualism to contribute, through various means, to social and political change. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1994.

Submitted by Martina Bergues (martina.bergues@hotmail.com) on 2017-04-15T00:10:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_CMAPG_Martina Bergues_13.04.pdf: 1613618 bytes, checksum: 01896c216cea4636378a9dab215f51c1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2017-04-17T12:17:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_CMAPG_Martina Bergues_13.04.pdf: 1613618 bytes, checksum: 01896c216cea4636378a9dab215f51c1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-17T12:38:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_CMAPG_Martina Bergues_13.04.pdf: 1613618 bytes, checksum: 01896c216cea4636378a9dab215f51c1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-08 / The purpose of this research is to understand the dynamics of intergovernmental relations in the process of implementing a federal program at a local level, for a closer look at the day to day shared management of policies which involve more than one level of government. Although intergovernmental relations refer to a series of public actors, this analysis focuses on the roles and responsibilities of state bureaucrats in intergovernmental management, paying attention to its activities, attitudes and perceptions in the interaction process established with the federal government. In this work we will study this dynamic in the management of the Program My Home My Life (Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida - PMCMV) in the State of Sao Paulo, based on a partnership created between the federal and state governments for the implementation of PMCMV on State land. Accordingly, we shall study the process which led the Sao Paulo State Government to contribute its own financial resources to supplement the federal subsidy thereby rendering the PMCMV project feasible on São Paulo. Furthermore, we shall examine the negotiations related to alterations in the original design of the program, such as an increase in the size of the housing units. The role played by the Paulista Social Housing Agency (Agência Paulista de Habitação Social - Casa Paulista) is essential in this process, taking the form of the organizational structure which negotiated the partnership with the federal government. Based on interviews with managers of the Paulista Social Housing Agency in charge of running the program, we shall attempt to understand the dynamic of intergovernmental relations in the implementation process, based on two elements: (i) the negotiating process undertaken, especially with a view to strategies mobilized for gearing the program to local interests; and (ii) the way in which managers perceive the interactions and the types of links established with federal bureaucracies in this process. We shall study how bureaucrats perceive pre-defined federal programs, particularly if they understand federal programs as an opportunity to negotiate adjustments for the local level. Generally speaking, this dissertation is based on the idea that institutional arrangement in the area of housing and specific PMCMV regulations provide the general framework within which interactive links develop between sub-national bureaucracies and their federal counterparts. It is understood, therefore, that PMCMV regulations and legacies within the area of housing affect the way in which bureaucracies act and perceive established intergovernmental links. Special attention shall be given in this discussion to the relationship which the PMCMV established with the remaining housing policies, becoming the policy drawn up and executed outside the rationale of the Social National Housing System. This particularity of the PMCMV suggests that negotiations and agreements throughout the Program’s shared management may have taken place, to a large degree, outside the institutional parameters of a system, forming more informal patterns of interaction between bureaucracies. / Esta pesquisa busca compreender a dinâmica das relações intergovernamentais no processo de implementação de um programa federal executado localmente, através de uma aproximação com o cotidiano da gestão compartilhada de políticas que envolvem mais de um nível de governo. Embora as relações intergovernamentais se refiram a uma série de atores públicos, a análise aqui elaborada centraliza os papéis e responsabilidades das burocracias estaduais na gestão intergovernamental, atentando-se para suas atividades, atitudes e percepções sobre o processo de interação estabelecido com o governo federal. Neste trabalho estudaremos essa dinâmica na gestão do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV) no Estado de São Paulo, a partir da parceria realizada entre o governo federal e o governo estadual para implementar o PMCMV no território paulista. Nesta direção, estudaremos o processo que levou o Governo do Estado de São Paulo a aportar recursos financeiros próprios para complementar o subsídio federal e, dessa forma, viabilizar o PMCMV. Ademais, investigaremos as negociações que dizem respeito a alterações nas especificações originais das unidades habitacionais, tal como o aumento do seu tamanho. A figura da Agência Paulista de Habitação Social – Casa Paulista foi essencial neste processo, configurando-se como a estrutura organizacional que negociou a parceria com o governo federal. Partindo de entrevistas com os gestores encarregados do programa na Agência Casa Paulista, buscaremos compreender a dinâmica das relações intergovernamentais no processo de implementação, levando em conta dois elementos: (i) o processo de negociação empreendido, especialmente olhando as estratégias mobilizadas para ajustar o programa aos interesses locais; e (ii) a percepção que os gestores possuem sobre as interações e sobre os tipos de vínculos estabelecidos com as burocracias federais neste processo. Em especial, estudaremos de que forma, na percepção e atuação de tais burocratas, a adesão a um programa federal com normativas já definidas se configura como uma oportunidade para realizar ajustes por meio de negociações federativas. De forma geral, parte-se da ideia de que os arranjos institucionais da área da habitação e as regras específicas do PMCMV fornecem o quadro geral dentro do qual se desenvolvem os vínculos de interação entre as burocracias subnacionais e suas contrapartes federais no caso estudado. Entende-se, então, que as regras do PMCMV e os legados da área da habitação afetam a forma com que as burocracias atuam e percebem os vínculos intergovernamentais estabelecidos. Dentro desta discussão, especial atenção será dada à relação que o PMCMV estabeleceu com o restante das políticas de habitação, conformando-se como uma política elaborada e executada fora da lógica do Sistema Nacional de Habitação de Interesse Social. Esta singularidade do PMCMV sugere que as negociações e pactuações existentes ao longo da gestão compartilhada do programa podem ter se dado, em grande parte, fora da institucionalidade de um sistema, configurando padrões mais informais de relação entre as burocracias.

Submitted by Neusa Fagundes (neusa.fagundes@unioeste.br) on 2018-03-02T19:00:40Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Marina_Rohde2017.pdf: 1356351 bytes, checksum: 1eccb9f26cb13ab47fc9693165771c4e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-02T19:00:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Marina_Rohde2017.pdf: 1356351 bytes, checksum: 1eccb9f26cb13ab47fc9693165771c4e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Based on the studies of fictional narratives that re-read the historical past, the research in question analyzes different modalities of historical novels from the representation of Anita Garibaldi (1821–1849), in perspectives that may vary, from the corroboration of the official discourse to its refutation. Such images of this personality, therefore, extend from the perception that she was only a young woman in love and so as to live a great love she would face any obstacle, to the perception of an idealistic and questioning woman, who would take part in wars for political conviction regardless of his loving involvement with a revolutionary sailor. The corpus that provides us with the basis for the study comes from three different contexts: The United States, Brazil and Argentina. The selection of this material considered criteria such as: the belonging of one of the works to the traditional modality of the genre, whose discourse linked to Anita and Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807–1882) is apologetic; a deconstructive perspective of this character hitherto idealized, in a critical production that presents the protagonist who sees in his partner someone to share ideals and for this reason does not accept to be relegated to live in the shadow of that relationship; and also a modality of historical novel whose ideology is mediative in comparison with these two previous productions, aiming at a configuration of Anita that conjugates the representation of both facets commonly evidenced: the lover and the politics. In this sense, each author, through the specificity of his chosen language and modality, approaches the character of historical extraction by a singular prism - the uncritical, the critical and the mediative. To make this analysis possible, in an interamerican dimension, the works selected are: I Am My Beloved: The Life of Anita Garibaldi (1969), written by the American Lisa Sergio, A Guerrilheira (1979), by the Brazilian João Felício dos Santos and Anita cubierta de arena (2003), by the Argentinian Alicia Dujovne Ortiz. Therefore, we show that the fictional images of Anita Garibaldi also trace a historical and sequential trajectory of the hybrid genre of history and fiction. Hence, the theoretical support of this approach, both to the character and to the different modalities of historical romance, finds support in the studies of Aínsa (1991), Menton (1993), Rodríguez (1996), Esteves (2010), Fleck (2011; 2017), Fernández Prieto (2003), to name but a few. / Com base nos estudos das narrativas ficcionais que releem o passado histórico, a pesquisa em questão analisa distintas modalidades de romances históricos a partir da representação de Anita Garibaldi (1821–1849), em perspectivas que buscam ora corroborar o discurso oficial, ora desconstruí-lo. Tais imagens dessa personalidade se estendem, portanto, da percepção de que ela era apenas uma jovem apaixonada e que, para viver um grande amor, enfrentaria qualquer obstáculo, até a percepção de uma mulher idealista e questionadora, que participaria de guerras por convicção política independentemente de seu envolvimento amoroso com um marinheiro revolucionário. O corpus que serve de base para o estudo parte de três contextos diferentes: Os Estados Unidos, o Brasil e a Argentina. A seleção desse material considerou critérios como: o pertencimento de uma das obras à modalidade tradicional do gênero, cujo discurso vinculado à Anita e Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807–1882) é apologético; uma perspectiva desconstrucionista dessa personagem até então idealizada, em uma produção crítica que apresenta a protagonista que vê em seu companheiro alguém para partilhar ideais e que não se deixa viver à sombra desse relacionamento; e, ainda, uma modalidade de romance histórico cuja ideologia é mediativa em comparação com essas duas produções anteriores, atentando para uma configuração de Anita que conjuga a representação de ambas as facetas comumente evidenciadas: a amante e a política. Nesse sentido, cada autor, por meio da especificidade de sua linguagem e modalidade escolhida, aborda a personagem de extração histórica por um prisma singular – o acrítico, o crítico e o mediativo. Para tornar essa análise possível, em uma dimensão interamericana, as obras selecionadas são: I Am My Beloved: The Life of Anita Garibaldi (1969), escrita pela estadunidense Lisa Sergio, A Guerrilheira (1979), do brasileiro João Felício dos Santos e Anita cubierta de arena (2003), da argentina Alicia Dujovne Ortiz. Desse modo, evidenciamos que as imagens ficcionais de Anita Garibaldi traçam, também, uma trajetória histórica e sequencial do gênero híbrido de história e ficção. A sustentação teórica dessa abordagem, tanto à personagem como às diferentes modalidades de romance histórico, encontra respaldo nos estudos de Aínsa (1991), Menton (1993), Márquez Rodríguez (1996), Fernández Prieto (2003), Esteves (2010), Fleck (2011; 2017), entre outros.

For over one hundred years, the music-going public has reflected on the life and influence of America's “March King,” John Philip Sousa. His popularity as a bandleader was unprecedented, and his reputation as an entertainer captivated the imagination and intrigue of a nation. Sousa's fame was attained through the high standards showcased by his unparalleled concert organization, the Sousa Band. He is interminably linked to the march, and for his seventy-seven years he proved to be its prolific and outspoken champion. Sousa's songs, however, were among his favorite works, and their presence on concert programs reinforced a variety of programming that was the hallmark of his success. The Sousa Band served as a cultural and musical ambassador, and annual transcontinental tours brought music to people where they lived. Sousa's songs were highly anticipated concert features, and were presented by soprano soloists known as the “Ladies in White.” A chamber winds instrumentation, rather than employment of the full-forces of the Sousa Band, allowed for an appropriate musical balance between instruments and voice. The “Forgotten Songs of John Philip Sousa Project” involved the research, editing, and performance of songs housed in the Sousa Archives for Band Research at the University of Illinois. Three songs discussed in this study, “Maid of the Meadow,” “The Snow Baby” from The Bride Elect, and “I've Made My Plans for the Summer” have been edited and performed in their intended setting for chamber winds and soprano. The songs in the Sousa collection resonate with a quintessential essence that recalls an American spirit and artistry that are closely linked with John Philip Sousa and his legendary band.