Proefschrift--Leiden.

Thesis (Ph. D.).. Columbia University, 1977. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves . 175-200).

The main object of this master thesis is to examine whether domain-analysis could be used toorganize the collections in a library serving interdisciplinary studies, and in that case - howthat could be done. The thesis is based on a case study of a library for Asian studies, which alsoserves as a library specialized in that subject in the Nordic countries. The author has used, i.e.interviews and observations examining who the users of the library are and how these seekinformation. A theory part deals with some earlier studies of information users within arts andsocial sciences, and these are compared to the users of the examined library.The thesis states that one has to look at the different disciplines in which research is done (andcould be done) at the institute to which the library belongs, and that subject terms could beadded to the various documents from the view of those domains.

Polyester is a synthetic material made from polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which is synthesised from fossil raw materials. Many clothing manufacturers are using polyester in their clothing, which, from an environmental perspective, creates a non-sustainable cycle. However, manufacturing can be made more sustainable by using recycled PET bottles as the raw material for polyester yarn. A clothing company that has taken a stand against materials made from fossil fibres and instead invests in only selling clothes made from sustainable materials is the Swedish children's clothing brand Polarn o. Pyret. Being able to use polyester made from PET bottles is important for Polarn o. Pyret to ensure the use of sustainable fibres in their clothing. In the past, the recycled polyester was used in combination with polyester from virgin fibre, but now the goal is instead to switch completely to the recycled polyester. However, the increased quantity of recycled polyester can involve new risks. The need to map potential contaminants is important because Polarn o. Pyret makes clothes for children, which entails strict requirements on the chemical content of the clothes. The purpose of this work is to get an overview of which contaminants that can accumulate in the polyester fibre and thus pose a risk when using recycled polyester made from PET bottles. The goal is to be able to shed light on these contaminants and write a proposal for a risk assessment guide that can establish a foundation for how Polarn o. Pyret should be able to act when using recycled polyester. The work was carried out through an extensive literature study, where research articles and review articles published on scientific databases were the main source of information. Focus was on the risk of non-intentionally added substances that can be traced from recycled PET bottles. The risk assessment was done in consideration of the regulations that is established within the European Union (EU), using the EU chemicals regulation REACH and the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) database.  After the mapping of NIAS in r-PET, the literature showed 42 potential contaminants to be present. These substances originated from the degradation of PET or the degradation of additives, and impurities from the recycling process and post-consumption use. Adhesives, labels, and caps are a contributing factor to the formation of NIAS originating from the recycling process. Since PVC was found to be the most common plastic that could contaminate PET via recycling, the additives used in PVC could also migrate to PET and create impurities. The most common phthalate found in this study was DEHP, which was the main plasticiser in PVC.  15 substances of the NIAS found in the literature was CMR substances, which means that they either were, or were suspected to be, carcinogenic, mutagenic and/or toxic to reproduction. Among these were substances such as benzene, antimony, cadmium, lead, acetaldehyde, and formaldehyde. Certain substances found through the literature were classified to be endocrine disruptors. These NIAS were p-nonylphenol, the organophosphite TNPP, the phthalates DEHP, DBP, BBP and, DIBP, nickel and BPA. Some of the NIAS found were under assessment of being classified as persistent, bioaccumulativ and toxic (PBT). The PBT substances found were the organophosphite compound Irgafos 168 and the UV-stabilisers Tinuvin P, UV-234 and UV- 328. The risk assessment showed 20 contaminants that may cause irritation to the skin/eyes and/or throat and 24 contaminants which may be toxic to the aquatic life.  This risk assessment showed that the recycling process of PET bottles is not completely safe, because potential contaminants could be transferred into the polyester yarn, and then carried over into children's garment and pose health risks to children. / Polyester är ett syntetiskt material tillverkat av polyetentereftalat (PET), som är syntetiserat från fossila råvaror. Många klädtillverkare använder polyester i sina kläder vilket ur ett miljöperspektiv skapar ett ohållbart kretslopp. Tillverkningen kan dock göras mer hållbar genom att använda återvunna PET-flaskor som råvara för polyestergarn. Ett klädföretag som tagit ställning mot material tillverkade av fossila fibrer och i stället satsar på att endast sälja kläder av hållbara material är det svenska barnklädesmärket Polarn o. Pyret. Att kunna använda polyester tillverkad av PET-flaskor är viktigt för att Polarn o. Pyret ska kunna säkerställa användningen av hållbara fibrer i sina kläder. Tidigare användes den återvunna polyestern i kombination med polyester från jungfruliga råvaror, men nu är målet i stället att helt gå över till den återvunna polyestern. Den ökade mängden återvunnen polyester kan dock medföra nya risker. Behovet av att kartlägga potentiella föroreningar är också viktigt eftersom Polarn o. Pyrets gör kläder för barn, vilket medför hårda krav på klädernas kemikalieinnehåll. Syftet med detta arbete var att få en överblick över vilka kemikalier som kan ansamlas i polyesterfibern och därmed utgöra en risk vid användning av återvunnen polyester tillverkad av PET-flaskor. Målet var att identifiera dessa föroreningar och inkludera dessa ämnen i ett förslag till en riskbedömningsguide. Denna riskbedömningsguide skulle därmed kunna utgöra ett stöd för Polarn o. Pyret vid hantering av återvunnen polyester. Arbetet har utförts genom en omfattande litteraturstudie, där forskningsartiklar och översiktsartiklar publicerade på vetenskapliga databaser var den huvudsakliga informationskällan. Fokus låg på risken för oavsiktligt tillsatta ämnen som kan spåras från återvunna PET-flaskor. Riskbedömningen har gjorts med hänsyn till de regelverk som är etablerade inom Europeiska unionen (EU), med hjälp av EU:s kemikalieförordning REACH och europeiska kemikaliemyndighetens (ECHA) databas.  Efter kartläggningen av oavsiktligt tillsatta ämnen i återvunnen PET visade litteraturen att det fanns 42 potentiella kontaminanter. Dessa ämnen härrörde från nedbrytningen av PET eller nedbrytningen av tillsatser, samt från föroreningar kopplade till återvinningsprocessen. Lim, etiketter och korkar var en bidragande faktor till bildandet av de oavsiktligt tillsatta ämnen som härrörde från återvinningsprocessen. Eftersom PVC visade sig vara den vanligaste plasten som kunde kontaminera PET via återvinningen, kunde tillsatserna som används i PVC också migrera till PET och skapa föroreningar. Den vanligaste ftalaten som förekom i återvunnen PET i denna studie var DEHP, vilken är den huvudsakliga mjukgöraren i PVC.  15 oavsiktligt tillsatta ämnen konstaterades vara CMR-ämnen, vilket betyder att de var, eller misstänktes vara, cancerframkallande, mutagena och/eller reproduktionstoxiska. Bland dessa fanns ämnen som bensen, antimon, kadmium, bly, acetaldehyd och formaldehyd. Vissa ämnen som påträffades genom litteraturstudien klassificerades som hormonstörande. Dessa var p- nonylfenol, organofosfiten TNPP, ftalaterna DEHP, DBP, BBP och DIBP, nickel och BPA. En del av de ämnen som kartlades under riskbedömningen klassificerades som persistenta, bioackumulerande och toxiska (PBT). Bland dessa förekom organofosfitföreningen Irgafos 168 (Tris(2,4-ditert-butylfenyl)fosfit) och UV-stabilisatorerna Tinuvin P, UV-234 och UV-328. Riskbedömningen visade på 20 kontaminanter som kan orsaka irritation på hud/ögon och/eller svalg och 24 föroreningar som kan vara giftiga för vattenlivet.  Denna riskbedömning visade att återvinningsprocessen av PET-flaskor inte är helt säkert, eftersom potentiella kontaminanter kan inkluderas i polyestergarnet och därigenom skapa faror för barnen vid användningen av kläder tillverkade från återvunnen polyester.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第21782号 / 工博第4599号 / 新制||工||1717(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科物質エネルギー化学専攻 / (主査)教授 陰山 洋, 教授 安部 武志, 教授 藤田 晃司 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DGAM

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:47:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 382384.pdf: 3718265 bytes, checksum: 5116dae874381c8af9294518f1f923db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-07-31 / A an?lise das atitudes perante a morte expressas pela sociedade da vila de Santa Maria da Boca do Monte, durante a segunda metade do s?culo XIX, foi o objeto desta pesquisa. Para tanto, estudamos, no per?odo mencionado, autos testamentais e as correspond?ncias paroquiais que ressaltavam a necessidade de constru??o de um cemit?rio extramuros na vila. A partir dos testamentos foram analisadas as preocupa??es com os preparativos para o enfrentamento da morte, os meios empregados nas tentativas de salva??o da alma, do bem morrer e as inquieta??es com o p?s-morte. O estudo das correspond?ncias do vig?rio ? Presid?ncia da Prov?ncia do Rio Grande do Sul permitiu uma investiga??o das preocupa??es com a morte e o com local reservado aos enterramentos. Nessas correspond?ncias, que abrangeram o per?odo de 1856 a 1864, o vig?rio procurou demonstrar as necessidades da constru??o de um cemit?rio extramuros na vila de Santa Maria e as preocupa??es conseq?entes como: sepultamento dos corpos, religiosidade, sa?de p?blica, urbaniza??o e desenvolvimento da localidade. Testamentos e correspond?ncias, assim analisados, s?o as evid?ncias das atitudes e a??es perante a morte expressas pela sociedade santa-mariense, ? ?poca, objetivando que os seus mortos descansassem em paz.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-07-20T12:44:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 472426 - Texto Completo.pdf: 3032660 bytes, checksum: 50964e7dc5f61d34b3525570122613a3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-20T12:44:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 472426 - Texto Completo.pdf: 3032660 bytes, checksum: 50964e7dc5f61d34b3525570122613a3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-03 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The exumation of human bones in sambaquis is a known fact since the beginning of this research trend in Brazil. Regardless of it, there are few debates, and even studies, about the funerary practices of these groups. While some essential researches were written about metric and non-metric characters of the human skeleton, evidences which relate to ritual subject of the interments rarely were observed while fieldwork was conduced. This document, with these considerations in mind, explores the signs and techniques of the ritual ceremony in the sambaquis of the States of Santa Catarina and Paran?. Guided by the objective of presenting a process of development of these practices in the coastal region of such States, only sites with descriptions of the exumations and with available radiocarbonic datations were selected: the final sample resulted in thirteen sambaquis. The individuals were contabilized (212 persons) and their individual funerary traits were classified in eight variables (grave-pit, funerary offerings, ochre, extended body, flexed body, combustion traces, adornments and multiple burial) and four categories (adult, young, biological male, biological female). Appreciating the uncoiling application of these variables associated together with categories in time, it was possible to advance the existence of five models ? or patterns ? of interment practice. Also, it was recovered a special and instable relationship between child and biological female categories with the adornment, funerary offerings and ochre; which is specific for the studied region in 4951 and 2850 BP. With these results, we hope to encourage the research in a more deep exploration of mortuary rites, and, through them, take up a diferential approach for the study of the sambaqui society and culture. / O achado de ossos humanos em sambaquis ? um fato noticiado desde os prim?rdios da pesquisa no Brasil. N?o obstante, muito pouco se comenta, ou mesmo se estuda, sobre as pr?ticas funer?rias destes grupos. Enquanto pesquisas essenciais foram redigidas a respeito de caracteres ?sseos m?tricos e n?o-m?tricos do esqueleto, evid?ncias que se relacionem com as quest?es rituais dos sepultamentos raramente foram observadas pelas fontes prim?rias. Este documento, diante disto, explora estes ind?cios de ritos e t?cnicas de inuma??o nos sambaquis dos Estados do Paran? e Santa Catarina. Com o intuito de apresentar um processo de desenvolvimento destas pr?ticas no litoral, apenas s?tios com descri??es dos sepultamentos e data??es radiocarb?nicas foram selecionados; o que resultou em um total de treze sambaquis. Seus sepultamentos foram contabilizados (212 indiv?duos) e suas caracter?sticas individuais foram classificadas em oito vari?veis (cova, mob?lia funer?ria, ocre, estendido, fletido, combust?o, adorno e sepultamento m?ltiplo) e quatro categorias (adulto, crian?a, homem biol?gico, mulher biol?gica). A partir do desenrolar do uso das vari?veis junto as categorias no tempo, foi poss?vel propor a exist?ncia de cinco modelos ? ou padr?es ? de sepultamento e de rela??es especiais e inst?veis entre as categorias crian?a e mulher biol?gica com as vari?veis adorno, mob?lia funer?ria e pigmento ocre que parece espec?fico para a ?rea estudada, entre 4951 e 2850 anos antes do presente. Com isso espera-se encorajar as pesquisas no sentido de uma explora??o mais aprofundada destes ritos e, por interm?dio destes, possibilitar uma abordagem diferenciada para o estudo da sociedade e cultura dos construtores dos sambaquis.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-09T18:15:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Sarah Cristina Santiago Soares Barcelos.pdf: 1247562 bytes, checksum: 405417a50e393efa4ce52de57ba5a9a0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-09T18:15:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Sarah Cristina Santiago Soares Barcelos.pdf: 1247562 bytes, checksum: 405417a50e393efa4ce52de57ba5a9a0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-17 / Este trabajo se ocupa de la importancia adquirida por las ceremonias y ritos protocolares de poder para la realizaci?n de la dominaci?n espa?ola en el Reino de la Nova Espa?a, en el per?odo de 1580 a 1640. Para eso, destacamos como esta tem?tica se inser? en las perspectivas actuales da Historia Pol?tica, en especial no que dice respeto ? Monarqu?a Comp?sita Espa?ola, cuyos estudios se deben hacer. En ese sentido, se propone apuntar nuevas percepciones acerca del poder y de las relaciones establecidas entre los sujetos, tomando como punto de partida para eso la gobernaci?n de los oficiales regios, con destaque para la figura de los Vice-Reyes, personificaci?n de la persona real, cuya an?lisis de su acci?n en el seno de la corte nos posibilita reconstruir parte del universo vivido en la Am?rica Colonial. / Este trabalho trata da import?ncia adquirida pelas cerim?nias e ritos protocolares de poder para a efetiva??o da domina??o espanhola no Reino da Nova Espanha, no per?odo de 1580 a 1640. Para isso, destacamos como esta tem?tica se insere nas perspectivas atuais da Hist?ria Pol?tica, em especial no que diz respeito ? Monarquia Comp?sita Espanhola, cujos estudos est?o por serem feitos. Nesse sentido, propomos contribuir com novas percep??es acerca do poder e das rela??es estabelecidas entre os sujeitos, tomando como ponto de partida para isso a governa??o dos oficiais r?gios, com destaque para a figura dos Vice-Reis, personifica??o da pessoa real, cuja an?lise de sua a??o no seio da corte nos possibilita reconstruir parte do universo vivido na Am?rica Colonial.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:46:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 410618.pdf: 7200583 bytes, checksum: aaeef62cbb7ab14baa319cc5ee5ba833 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-17 / Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o projeto colonizador particular da Empresa de Coloniza??o Dr. Herrmann Meyer e a sua implementa??o no complexo colonial, sob os aspectos cultural, econ?mico e social, nas primeiras d?cadas do s?culo XX, na regi?o Noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul. Trata-se de uma empresa de capital estrangeiro, com sede em Leipzig, Alemanha, de propriedade do Dr. Herrmann Meyer, s?cio-propriet?rio do Instituto Bibliogr?fico daquela cidade, que tinha como prop?sito formar uma col?nia ?tnica alem?, a-confessional, proporcionando o suporte necess?rio para que imigrantes e colonos alcan?assem um r?pido desenvolvimento econ?mico e social, oferecendo assist?ncia religiosa e educacional, bem como a possibilidade de se tornarem propriet?rios de um lote colonial. Era um empreendimento com fins lucrativos, mas, ao mesmo tempo, pretendia-se diferenciado em rela??o a similares pelo seu trabalho cultural em prol da manuten??o da germanidade, ponto ressaltado pela propaganda. Delimita-se como espa?o de estudo um complexo colonial localizado nos munic?pios de Cruz Alta (col?nia Neu-W?rttemberg, hoje munic?pios de Panambi e Condor) e Palmeira das Miss?es (col?nias Xingu, Erval Seco, respectivamente, munic?pios de Novo Xingu e Erval Seco; posse Boi Preto, atual distrito do munic?pio de Chapada), no per?odo entre 1897, quando a empresa iniciou a compra de terras, e 1932, ano que marca o encerramento oficial das suas atividades, em virtude do falecimento de seu propriet?rio. Para a realiza??o da pesquisa e o tratamento das fontes, buscou-se aporte te?rico-metodol?gico na micro-hist?ria. Assim, trata-se de um estudo de (i)migra??o e coloniza??o, vinculado ? nova hist?ria cultural.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T15:47:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonardoCTB_DISSERT.pdf: 2119704 bytes, checksum: 5bdd21de8bfa668bba821593cdd5289f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-07 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Multi-objective combinatorial optimization problems have peculiar characteristics that require optimization methods to adapt for this context. Since many of these problems are NP-Hard, the use of metaheuristics has grown over the last years. Particularly, many different approaches using Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) have been proposed. In this work, an ACO is proposed for the Multi-objective Shortest Path Problem, and is compared to two other optimizers found in the literature. A set of 18 instances from two distinct types of graphs are used, as well as a specific multiobjective performance assessment methodology. Initial experiments showed that the proposed algorithm is able to generate better approximation sets than the other optimizers for all instances. In the second part of this work, an experimental analysis is conducted, using several different multiobjective ACO proposals recently published and the same instances used in the first part. Results show each type of instance benefits a particular type of instance benefits a particular algorithmic approach. A new metaphor for the development of multiobjective ACOs is, then, proposed. Usually, ants share the same characteristics and only few works address multi-species approaches. This works proposes an approach where multi-species ants compete for food resources. Each specie has its own search strategy and different species do not access pheromone information of each other. As in nature, the successful ant populations are allowed to grow, whereas unsuccessful ones shrink. The approach introduced here shows to be able to inherit the behavior of strategies that are successful for different types of problems. Results of computational experiments are reported and show that the proposed approach is able to produce significantly better approximation sets than other methods / Problemas de otimiza??o combinat?ria multiobjetivo apresentam caracter?sticas peculiares que exigem que t?cnicas de otimiza??o se adaptem a esse contexto. Como muitos desses problemas s?o NP-?rduos, o uso de metaheur?sticas tem crescido nos ?ltimos anos. Particularmente, muitas abordagens que utilizam a Otimiza??o por Col?nias de Formigas t?m sido propostas. Neste trabalho, prop?e-se um algoritmo baseado em col?nias de formigas para o Problema do Caminho mais Curto Multiobjetivo, e compara-se o algoritmo proposto com dois otimizadores encontrados na literatura. Um conjunto de 18 inst?ncias oriundas de dois tipos de grafos ? utilizado, al?m de uma metodologia espec?fica para a avalia??o de otimizadores multiobjetivo. Os experimentos iniciais mostram que o algoritmo proposto consegue gerar conjuntos de aproxima??o melhores que os demais otimizadores para todas as inst?ncias. Na segunda parte do trabalho, uma an?lise experimental de diferentes abordagens publicadas para col?nias de formigas multiobjetivo ? realizada, usando as mesmas inst?ncias. Os experimentos mostram que cada tipo de inst?ncia privilegia uma abordagem algor?tmica diferente. Uma nova met?fora para o desenvolvimento deste tipo de metaheur?stica ? ent?o proposta. Geralmente, formigas possuem caracter?sticas comuns e poucos artigos abordam o uso de m?ltiplas esp?cies. Neste trabalho, uma abordagem com m?ltiplas esp?cies competindo por fontes de comida ? proposta. Cada esp?cie possui sua pr?pria estrat?gia de busca e diferentes esp?cies n?o tem acesso ? informa??o dada pelo ferom?nio das outras. Como na natureza, as popula??es de formigas bem sucedidas tem a chance de crescer, enquanto as demais se reduzem. A abordagem apresentada aqui mostra-se capaz de herdar o comportamento de estrat?gias bem-sucedidas em diferentes tipos de inst?ncias. Resultados de experimentos computacionais s?o relatados e mostram que a abordagem proposta produz conjuntos de aproxima??o significativamente melhores que os outros m?todos