This thesis deals with birth rates from the perspective of women with more children. The first part of the work presents the reasons for a decline in birth rates. In the second part we are examining which groups in the current population do not follow these trends. Subsequently an interview was conducted with eight female believers who each have four or more children. Women were asked how many children did they plan to have and which factors had influenced the number of children they actually have. Additionally, the woman were asked how the reasons that influenced the majority of the population in having a lower number of children affected them. From the interviews, four basic factors have arisen that played a role in the fact that these eight mothers have thirty-five children in total. These factors are: the life circumstances of these woman, their faith in God, their values and the possibility of self-realization. The following ethical chapter reflects on two of these factors.

The goal of this work was to work up the survey about usage and fertility of stallions using in Czech warmblood breeding. All data originate from breeding evidence of Czech warmblood Breeders Association, Association of Horse Breeder´s Unions of the Czech Republic and Czech Equestrian Federation (years 2002 {--} 2008). It has been evaluated frequency of stallion using in each period, the numbers of fertilized mares and the numbers of foals borning after each stallions. Frequency of using the stallions was compared with achieved level their sports performance. The results of the numbers of borning foals in each years were in interval 917 {--} 1360 and gradually falls. In average 6 foals were born to one stallion. Natality was in interval 32,3 % - 74,4 %, 11 fertilized mares to one stallion in average. From 13 to 21 % stallions used in breeding have no offspring. It was made out that the using of stallions with hight performance grow up from 11,4% to 21,1 % by sports performance T and from 3 % to 7,1 % by sports performance TT. Detected rates from the analysis of stallions usage in breeding Leeds to conclusion, that the number of present stallions should be lower, but the frequency of usage should be higher.

The topic of this diploma thesis is the social and demographic progress in manor Blatna in the 17th-19th century. During almost three hundred years' period the various demographic indicators are monitored, such as natality, nuptality, mortality but there are also described other detailed problems (f.e. illegimate children, multiple births, causes of death, sizes of individual villages, etc.) In addition to information obtained from the register books the thesis author uses all kind of different sources, such as seigniorial registers or censuses, which enable to study the population social status of this south-czech manor, especially their occupation, or the actual amount of dependants. In the final section of the diploma thesis there is presented the list of all cognomens and surnames, which occured in that period in manor Blatná. Keywords natality, nuptality, mortality, cause of death, cognomen-last name, Blatna, demography

This diploma thesis is dealing with the study of dependence between birth and marriage in the Czech Republic in 1973-2016, this period is divided into two time point, due to the demographic transition and the new political regime, before 1989 (state regulated economy) and after 1989 (the changeover to a market economy). The basis for multidimensional analysis of time series is the starting point for finding the relationship or dependency between the monitored characteristics. The demographic indicator of birth rate (natality) is characterized by the number of live births and the marriage rate (nuptiality) by the number of marriages in the Czech Republic, available at monthly frequency. In the introduction of this thesis, the hypothesis of the absence of dependence (relationship) between the observed time series is determined, which will be analysed at the end of the analysis for both time series. The results of this thesis can be helpful not only to experts who were engaged with this issue in detail, but also to those interested in demographics or time series, because the prediction of these indicators will be simulated in the end of this paper.

L'enfant de la natalité (Arendt) est libre, le monde s'ouvre à lui dès sa naissance : il peut commencer une nouvelle histoire, et donner sa chance à l'humanité.Mais le petit humain, prématuré dans sa forme même, est séparé brutalement de ses enveloppes, de son double placentaire, de l'utérus maternel. Il est jeté au mon-de (Heidegger) dans l'angoisse de sa finitude et s'il ne rencontrait dans l'instant même de sa naissance ses médiateurs humains, en premier lieu sa mère, il ne pourrait affronter le négatif, l'Autre, et ne survivrait pas.Pour que s'ouvre l'espace de la naissance, pour que la mère puisse accueillir son enfant à travers les épreuves de séparation, pour qu'elle puisse laisser venir la langue maternelle, et que puisse s'incarner l'esprit dans ce nouveau-venu, elle doit pouvoir rencontrer elle aussi les médiateurs de la naissance. Certains s'évanouissent après avoir permis ce passage d'un état à un autre, d'autres persistent sous la forme d'un double —protecteur ou menaçant—. Ils accompagnent chaque naissance et le commencement de toute vie humaine. Les mythes et les rites les reconnaissent dans toutes les cultures.Cependant la médecine technicienne contemporaine qui s'est emparée de la naissance redoute la séparation, le travail du négatif, et pratique le déni, celui de la grossesse, de l'autre femme, des médiateurs de la naissance. Elle s'appuie sur l'expertise technique et mathématique, sur l'imagerie et la statistique pour créer un double imaginaire de l'enfant, celui du projet de la science, immortel et par-fait, masqué par le projet parental.La sage-femme traverse ces espaces, elle connaît les médiateurs. Fille de la médecine mais aussi guérisseuse ou sorcière elle pratique la maïeutique, l'art d'accoucher les corps et leurs âmes. Son art est difficile, sa sagesse est indicible, elle passe d'un monde à l'autre au risque de disparaître, broyée par l'arraisonnement de la Technique triomphante, aspirée par la démesure du désir de l'homme qui voudrait se créer lui-même ou par la tentation des arrière-mondes qui la condamne à rester en marge dans l'ombre archaïque des mystères. / The child of natality (Arendt) is free; the world opens up for him from his birth. He is the beginning of a new story, and he can give humankind a chance.But this little human being, whose very existence is premature, is brutally separated from his ‘placenta double' and from his mother's womb. He is thrown into the world (Heidegger), into the angst of his finiteness. If he does not meet his human mediators upon his birth, and his mother in the first place, he will not survive and will not be prepared to face negativity and the Other.The mother needs to meet the birth mediators to make room for the birth space, and to welcome her child through their separation. She needs to meet the mediators to let the mother tongue come to the child, and to let a soul enter this newcomer. Some mediators will vanish after having played a part in crossing one world to the next; others will remain as – protecting or threatening – doubles. They are present for each birth, and are there to see the beginning of new human lives. Myths and rites identify them in all cultures.But contemporary medicine, based on new technologies and techniques, has taken control of the birth process. It fears the separation and is in denial – of the pre-gnancy and of the other woman as well as of the birth mediators. Contemporary medicine is based on technical and mathematical expertise. It uses medical imaging and statistics to create an imaginary double of the child-to-be-born: this child becomes a scientific project, immortal and perfect, hidden behind the parenting project.Midwives cross these worlds, and they are in contact with the mediators. A mid-wife is not only the daughter of medicine but also a healer or a witch, practising maieutic and the art of delivering bodies and souls. Her art is a complex one, her wisdom is unspeakable and when she crosses those worlds, she is always threate-ned of disappearing, choked by the enframing (Gestell) of the forever-winning Technique. Midwives are carried away by the excessive desire of men to create themselves or by the temptation of the ‘backworlds' to leave them behind, in the obscurity of archaic mysteries.

Vital rates and movement patterns of eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) have never been studied at the northern extent of their North American range in Manitoba, Canada. Using radio telemetry during 2011 and 2012, this study collected estimates of female spring/summer survival, reproductive success, dispersal, home range size, and habitat use. Females had a 53% survival probability, 82% nesting frequency, 29% nesting success, 35% hen success, 11.3 eggs/clutch, 89% hatching success, and a natality rate of 2.3. Winter weather and relatively high predator numbers appear to have caused annual variation in survival and hen success. Spring dispersal distances and home ranges averaged 8.2 km and 554.4 ha, respectively. Home ranges were selected in relation to forests, cattle feedlots, and grasslands; while within home ranges, individuals selected areas close to grasslands, forests, and intermittent streams. These results can be used when modeling current populations, managing harvest, and structuring future releases.

The main purpose of this thesis is to reveal the economic and social impacts of demographic development in European union. In chapter one basic demographic terms and theories which are connected to current and future situation in the area of development of natality, mortality and their result natural growth of population are described. In the second part of this thesis basic demographic data in areas of natality, mortality and growth of population are explored. Last chapter contains the information about projections of economic implication on the fiscal stability of government budget, implications for individuals and also social implications of current and future demographic development.

This diploma thesis analyses the legislation governing interruptions in Czechoslovakia in the time frame between 1950 and 1986 when this legislation went through many changes. The thesis studies consequences of these changes, their influence on the population in Czechoslovakia and even opinions of its inhabitants living in above mentioned time period. The thesis focuses also on so called "interruption commission"; institutions of former Czechoslovakia, which used to decide about the future of unwanted pregnancies. One part of this diploma thesis is also dedicated to the development and accessibility of contraceptives, which were directly influenced by the legislation.

In 1958 the German philosopher Hannah Arendt released The Human condition, a book in which she famously discusses the terms of life on earth. Amongst her many important contributions to the field of political thinking that this book contains, her understanding of the two concepts natality and plurality perhaps make up the most groundbreaking and influential ones. Natality, for Arendt, is what constitutes man’s capacity to begin. The new beginning which every newborn born into the human world inherently entails is closely related to the human condition of plurality. This essay aims at understanding how Arendts analysis of the human conditions of natality and plurality together shapes the collective life of humans. With comments from feminist philosopher Adriana Cavarero who proposes a critique of Arendt’s understanding of natality as being far too abstract, and political thinker Chantal Mouffe, who critiques Arendt for having an unrealistic understanding of the common world as devoid of antagonistic conflict. The essay also discusses the critique against modernity which Arendt forms against the background of her understanding of the modern era as a time where the human conditions are being neglected.

The following essay aims to investigate Martin Heidegger’s notion of Dasein in Being and Time by taking into account the therein neglected existential-ontological aspect of birth. The point of departure is the concept of grundsein, i.e. Dasein being handed over itself as itself, groundlessly, with the remaining task of becoming its own basis from which it is able to properly project itself. In Being and Time this is made possible by actively grasping and appropriating ones ’ownmost possibility’ of being-towards-death. The present investigation however, raises the question whether or not Daseins other fundamental limit of being, namely birth, which in Being and Time is continuously disregarded, can provide a different understanding of grundsein; complementing the existing analysis by giving Dasein a more thorough framing. As for the proposed supplementing theory, the essay first turns to the concept of natality as it is developed in Hannah Arendt’s The Human Condition. Thereafter it traces the notion of birth as it unfolds in the work Relating Narratives by the contemporary Italian philosopher Adriana Cavarero, who thematically remains close to Arendt, although not without some crucial differences. With that in mind, the essay finally returns to Heidegger for a critical exploration of the theories opposed.  The present investigation aims to show that these theories of birth does in fact offer insights that are foreign to, albeit not irreconcilable with, the framework of Being and Time. Especially regarding that of mitsein, coexistence, which nonetheless also have inevitable consequences for the question of grundsein. By taking birth into consideration existentially, this essay seeks to shed light on what can be considered fundamentally relational aspects of Dasein as it is shown to be constitutively in-front-of, and a being-from-others. Furthermore there is shown to be an aspect of passive reception to Dasein, more specifically the non-negotiable gift of existence at all which unceasingly remains out of it’s reach; that is, arguably, somewhat overlooked in Being and Time (even though the concepts of thrownness and historicity may indicate such a condition). Lastly the author wishes to embed the existential-ontological matter of birth in the pressing planetary crisis of our time, asserting that the question of (human) birth and existence no longer can afford to ignore these biological-ecological aspects that are undeniably of due importance for the question at hand.