Na presente tese de doutorado focalizamos as músicas gravadas por Carlos Gardel (1917 a 1935) e por Carmen Miranda (1930 a 1940), articulando-as com a imagem e a performance dos artistas, as quais podem ser observadas na audição das gravações, nos filmes dos quais participaram e em fotos divulgadas em revistas da época, para analisar as representações das identidades nacionais argentina e brasileira do período. Considerando que tal período é, exatamente, o de emergência de determinados meios de comunicação de massas (a indústria fonográfica, o rádio e o cinema), observa-se que estes dois artistas tornaram-se ídolos nacionais através destes meios e foram mediadores na construção das identidades nacionais. Desta forma, estabeleceram, nas representações contidas em suas músicas, imagem e performance, relações entre a identidade nacional e outras identidades já existentes anteriormente entre seu público. Neste trabalho, analisamos também estas relações, especialmente da identidade nacional com as identidades populares e de elite, com as identidades étnicas e regionais. / In this doctorate thesis we remarked the music recorded by Carlos Gardel (1917- 1935) and Carmen Miranda (1930-1940) matching image and performance of these artists, which can be look on hearing recorded, in the movies that both played a part in and in the photos published in magazines in that time, to analyze the Brazilian and Argentine national identity. Regarding that epoch exactly the development of the mass media (phonografic industry, radio and cinema) we can realize these artists became national idols by these communications and they were mediators that national identity form. By this way, they established, in their musics, images and performances representations relationship between national identity and others identities just extant before among their public. In this thesis we analyze these relationship especially of national identity with popular and elite identity, with ethnic identity and regional identity.

Na presente tese de doutorado focalizamos as músicas gravadas por Carlos Gardel (1917 a 1935) e por Carmen Miranda (1930 a 1940), articulando-as com a imagem e a performance dos artistas, as quais podem ser observadas na audição das gravações, nos filmes dos quais participaram e em fotos divulgadas em revistas da época, para analisar as representações das identidades nacionais argentina e brasileira do período. Considerando que tal período é, exatamente, o de emergência de determinados meios de comunicação de massas (a indústria fonográfica, o rádio e o cinema), observa-se que estes dois artistas tornaram-se ídolos nacionais através destes meios e foram mediadores na construção das identidades nacionais. Desta forma, estabeleceram, nas representações contidas em suas músicas, imagem e performance, relações entre a identidade nacional e outras identidades já existentes anteriormente entre seu público. Neste trabalho, analisamos também estas relações, especialmente da identidade nacional com as identidades populares e de elite, com as identidades étnicas e regionais. / In this doctorate thesis we remarked the music recorded by Carlos Gardel (1917- 1935) and Carmen Miranda (1930-1940) matching image and performance of these artists, which can be look on hearing recorded, in the movies that both played a part in and in the photos published in magazines in that time, to analyze the Brazilian and Argentine national identity. Regarding that epoch exactly the development of the mass media (phonografic industry, radio and cinema) we can realize these artists became national idols by these communications and they were mediators that national identity form. By this way, they established, in their musics, images and performances representations relationship between national identity and others identities just extant before among their public. In this thesis we analyze these relationship especially of national identity with popular and elite identity, with ethnic identity and regional identity.

Between 1808 and 1814 England was committed to an expensive and bloody campaign against the French invasion of the Iberian Peninsula. The Peninsular War, as it came to be known, was initially celebrated as a war of national independence that attracted widespread support. Soon after, it was characterised by political scandal and public controversy. Literary scholars have devoted much attention to the political, social and cultural effects of the French Revolution, but have written surprisingly little about the later years of the campaign against Napoleonic France. The principle objective of this thesis is to offer the first in-depth study of English theatre during the Peninsular War. It considers the most popular plays in performance, and asks what their staging, publication, and reception history reveal about a nation’s literary tastes and its political self-awareness. Sheridan’s Pizarro, a play about the Spanish conquest of Peru, was one of the most successful plays on the Romantic stage. A close analysis of this play considers its popularity between 1799 and 1815, and what it suggests about the flexibility of the contemporary repertoire system. Audiences’ ability to ascribe topical inflections to old plays helps explain the demand for Shakespeare and the bard’s political import to wartime audiences. This thesis explores the London patent stages and popular minor theatres, where programmes were restricted to song, dance, and spectacle. It also offers a case study of provincial theatre in Bristol, underscoring the significant limitations in assumptions that the metropolitan stage was representative of national trends. Archival research on the London and Bristol stages has been crucial to this study, which is based on an examination of playbills, memoranda, letters, playtexts, and prints. The newsprint and cartoons discussed offer an important political and historical framework, suggestive of the cultural expectations likely to have influenced contemporary playgoers.

In Taiwan area, it has become a rule that the national identity cards of all population are changed every 10 years. The fifth comprehensive change of national identity cards was implemented from Dec. 21, 2005 to Dec. 31, 2006. The government institutions of different cities and counties (municipal) under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Interior positively conducted national propaganda of the important news through the strong promotion of the change of identity cards by various means of mass media. First of all, the study investigates promotion strategies and procedures of the change of national identity cards in Taiwan, and then studies the promotion situation of the services for people, and further investigates how to strengthen the use of marketing ideas to achieve the goal of offering services for people. In view of this, the study reviews the related literature about the development procedures of the household registration system of Taiwan. Through the understanding of the situation and problems of the current use of new national identity cards, as well as the necessity of the change of national identity cards, the study focuses on marketing strategies to adopt SWOT analysis of trend and use questionnaire survey to make proof analysis and review. The study examines the effects and improvement measures of the government for execution of public domains, and provides the following research conclusions and suggestions for the Ministry of Interior and other government institutions as a reference for innovative promotion of public policies: 1. It is not easy to promote relationship marketing of the first line household registration institutions. 2. Important project work relatively needs the increase of reasonable and proper budget for promotion. 3. Strengthen the innovative development culture of household registration organization, and cultivate the overall marketing team. 4. A sound evaluation mechanism should be established for the marketing of public policies 5. Although the promotion of comprehensive change of national identity cards used different marketing channels, measures should still be strengthened on how to integrate different communication tools effectively. 6. Strengthen the public¡¦s rights of their awareness of the use of identity cards. The government has the responsibility and obligation to teach the public use of identity cards. The conclusions made by the study are that national identity card system is not a system that has to be existed in all countries. Each country can determine the necessary of offering identity cards to the citizens according to the country¡¦s idea of system. Under the national identity card system constructed in Taiwan, the nature of national identity card is to ¡§prove¡¨ that a citizen possesses the archive of his/her nationality. It also refers that national identity card is a document that cites the nationality relationship between a citizen of his/her country. Under this system, all the citizens of Taiwan are obliged to collect their national identity cards, and have the rights to ask for offering them. Therefore, the people of Taiwan should be cautious about the importance, safekeeping and use of national identity cards. The government should more positively bear the responsibility of strengthening the concept of ruling by laws because the maintenance of social stability depends on the people¡¦s practices and compliance with laws. Keywords: national identity card, household registration system, SWOT analysis of trend, relationship marketing, development culture, public policy marketing, national identity card system, concept of ruling by laws

The aim of this paper is to study how multiculturalism is expressed in the Swedish labour market policy. The method used for the investigation is a discourse analysis which study social and political processes in the society as created through language. The perspective of the discourse analysis is a social construction that considers that language is a social production created in a discursive way. It produces and reflects social process in the language. By using theories of national identity and multiculturalism we aim to investigate how multiculturalism is expressed in the labour market policy. With this method we aim to analyze the discourse of a political report made 2008 by the current government about integration strategies in Sweden. The conclusion of the study is that the different socio-economical positions existing between groups create categories in the Swedish society and those differences are more persistent among ethnocultural groups. This situation exposes a clear difference between the majority population and the ethnocultural groups. In order to prevent a wider difference between the two groups, the government has elaborated strategies to improve the opportunities of the ethnocultural groups for a rapid integration in the society. The actions taken will provide them with the necessary tools to empower the ethno cultural groups and enable them to enter in the labour market and make them responsible of their own situation. The government is presented as the key actor for promotion of democratic values with the overall priority of preventing exclusion and promotes social and economic growth in the country.

Tapatumo paieškos šiandieniniame pasaulyje tampa neatsiejamos nuo žmogaus kasdienybės. Pastaruoju metu vis dažniau diskutuojame apie pilietinės visuomenės problemas, toleranciją, seksualines ir tautines mažumas. Šios diskusijos tampa glaudžiai susijusios su visuomenių tyrimais. Šio magistrinio darbo pagrindinis tikslas yra ištirti kokios nacionalinio tapatumo charakteristikos dominuoja Lietuvoje, Latvijoje ir Estijoje 2004 – 2011 m. ir jas palyginti. Šiam tikslui įgyvendinti pasirinktas pagrindinis darbo objektas yra Lietuvos, Latvijos ir Estijos nacionalinės tapatybės. Per pagrindinius darbo su šaltiniais metodus – analizę, taikomą analizuoti apklausų statistiką, bei lyginamąjį metodą, kuriuo buvo lyginami trijų Baltijos valstybių nacionalinių bei regioninių tapatybių bruožai, buvo siekta atsakyti į pagrindines iškeltas darbo problemas - kuo paremti nacionaliniai tapatumai? kiek valstybių tapatumai yra monolitiški ir kiek jie yra pajėgūs priimti kitas tapatumo rūšis? Uždaviniai skambėjo taip: išskirti ir išanalizuoti etnolingvistinės, pilietinės ir regioninės tapatybės modelių pagrindinius kriterijus, ištirti ar etnolingvistinis ir pilietinis nacionaliniai tapatumai išskiria vienas kitą ar papildo Baltijos šalyse, išanalizuoti kiek trijų Baltijos valstybių nacionaliniai tapatumai pajėgūs priimti viršnacionalinę tapatybę ir kiek jie skaidosi į regioninę tapatybę, ištirti, kokią valstybių visuomenę – atvirą ar uždarą atskleidžia tapatybių modelių tyrimas Lietuvoje, Latvijoje... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Nowadays the search of identity become concurrent with casual people‘s life. Recently an increasing number of discussion about problems of civil society, tolerance, sexual and ethnic minorites. These discussions are related with national identity analysis. The main aim of this master thesis is to find out what characteristics of national identitiės are dominant in Lithaunia, Latvia and Estonia in 2004 – 2011 years and to compare them. The primary and key surveying object is national identities. The methods used in this work were: analysis which was applied to analize the statistics of surveys and another method was comparison of national and regional features of identities of Baltic States. By using these methods main problems such as: how are based national identities? Are they monolithic enough? Are they able to accept other types of identities? were carried out. One of the tasks was to distinct and analize the main criterias of ethnolinguistic, civil and regional identity models. Another task was to find out whether ethnolinguistic and civil national identities distincts or adds to each other in the Baltic States. Third task was to analize if national identities of three Baltic States are able to accept supranational identity and to reveal if it is possible to disintegrate into regional identity. The last task was to find out whether societies in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia are inclusive or exclusive. All these problems were explained by carrying out these tasks. ... [to full text]

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:39:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3402.pdf: 11034307 bytes, checksum: 3c07b1bbcd5693fca9490e1f550836ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-14 / This dissertation ponders over the reconfiguration possibilities of National Identity opened during the legitimation process and the national officialization of jongo into a Jongo´s community situated in Tamandaré, at a Paraiba´s valley city of Guaratinguetá. Successes and difficulties are argued while this process occurs more specifically to the fifteen last years in that locality, contextualizing the process in this moment of national identity reconfiguration and comparing it with the context of nation configuration and of the racial democracy´s myth until the middle of the 20th century. From it on the process of legitimation and officialization of jongo in that place are critically and contemporaneously reading to shown the Afro- Brazilian as an affirmative identity and to allow the realization of construction and reconstruction of difference, which exemplifies how the national identity reconfiguration can be thought and realized together with the difference idea. / Esta dissertação reflete sobre as possibilidades de reconfiguração da Identidade Nacional abertas durante o processo de legitimação e oficialização nacional do jongo em uma comunidade de jongueiros localizada no bairro do Tamandaré, na cidade vale paraibana de Guaratinguetá. Discutem-se êxitos e dificuldades durante este processo que ocorre mais especificamente nos últimos quinze anos em tal localidade, contextualizando tal processo neste momento de reconfiguração da identidade nacional e comparando-o ao contexto de configuração da nação e do mito da democracia racial durante a primeira metade do século XX. A partir de tal comparação procura-se ler criticamente o processo de legitimação e oficialização do jongo em tal localidade contemporaneamente e mostrar o afro-brasileiro como uma identidade afirmativa e que permite a realização da construção e reconstrução da diferença, o que exemplifica como a reconfiguração da identidade nacional pode ser pensada e realizada juntamente à noção de diferença.

We analyze the memory of collective events in Peru and its relationship with Peruviannational identity in a middle-class sample from Lima (N = 81). Peruvian collective self- esteem and two dimensions of the Peruvian self-concept (Peruvians as proactive-capable and negative image of Peruvians) are related moderately to valence of historic characters remembered. Nevertheless, valence of remembered historical events was not associated to Peruvian national identity. Results also suggest that characters and events from 20th century comprise the majority of remembered instances, and 20th century instances are worse evaluated than characters and events from previous periods of Peruvian history. Results confirm a recency bias and a tendency to make more positive meaning attributions to distant eventsand characters than those made to more recent events. / Se analizan las relaciones entre la memoria de hechos colectivos en el Perú y la constitución de la identidad nacional peruana en 81 habitantes de clase media de Lima Metropolitana. La valencia positiva del recuerdo colectivo de personajes históricos, más no el de eventos, se asocia moderadamente a la autoestima colectiva y a dos dimensiones del autoconcepto colectivo (peruanos proactivos-capaces e imagen negativa de los peruanos). Se encontró que personajes y eventos del siglo XX conforman el porcentaje mayoritario de recuerdos colectivos, y en promedio personajes y eventos del siglo XX son peor evaluados que personajes y eventos previos a este siglo. Esto confirma la presencia de un sesgo de recencia y la tendencia a atribuir un significado más positivo a personajes y hechos que se recuerdan a largo plazo en contraposición con aquellos más recientes.

The representation of national identity in museums of the 21st century´s diverse and multicultural societies is a challenging task. It is a task that involves questions of narrative and heritage inclusivity as well as questions of power and ideology. This thesis includes an investigation of the representation of the Turkish national identity in two state owned museums, one private museum and two contested heritage sites in Istanbul. Both contested sites were legally transformed from museums to mosques in 2020. The investigation also involves questions of power and legitimacy in the Turkish heritage sector in the past decade. Qualitative methods including observations, grounded theory initial coding, exhibition spatial syntax analysis and objects´ value analysis are used in the research. The analysis results revealed a fragmentation in the Turkish national identity representation and in the power structure of the Turkish heritage sector where different key actors are involved in national identity production and representation. The History narrative represented is linear and fragmented where each selected museum presents a different historical period with an emphasis on the multicultural nature of the region historically. Ideology and the heritage policy analysis has revealed that the Turkish heritage sector is heading towards an Ottoman based ideology instead of the secular Kemalism ideology that had built the modern Turkish national identity since the establishment of the republic in 1923.  The results show that the challenge of representing inclusive and sustainable heritage and national identities in multicultural societies is complex. However, to achieve that, museums and heritage sectors would have to adopt policies of recognition and civil society involvement. The state would have to take an architect role by funding the museum and heritage sector without interfering in museum´s function. This is a two years master’s thesis in Museum and Cultural Heritage Studies. / Representationen av nationella identiteter i museerna av 2000-talets mångkulturella samhälle är en utmanande uppgift. En uppgift som involverar frågor om integration, nationellt kulturarv och narrative inkludering samt frågor om makt och ideologi. Denna uppsats omfattar en undersökning av den turkiska nationella identitetsrepresentationen i två statliga museer och ett privat museum samt två omtvistade kulturarv i Istanbul. De två omtvistade platserna omvandlandes från museer till moskéer år 2020. Undersökningen omfattar också frågor om makt och legitimitet inom den turkiska kulturarvssektorn med fokus på det senaste decenniet. Kvalitativa metoder inklusive observationer, grundad teorins kodning, rumslig syntaxanalys och objekts analys används i forskningen. Analysresultaten avslöjade fragmenteringen av den turkiska nationella identitetsrepresentationen och maktstrukturen i den turkiska kulturarvssektorn där olika nyckelaktörer är involverade i representationen och produktionen av det turkiska nationella identitet. Det historienarrative som är representerat är linjärt och fragmenterad där varje utvalt museum presenterar en specifik historisk period med fokus på regionens mångkulturella historia. Ideologi och kulturarvspolitikanalysen har avslöjat att den turkiska kulturarvssektorn är på väg mot en ottomansk baserad ideologi i stället för den sekulära Kemalism-ideologin som byggde den moderna turkiska nationella identiteten sedan republiken grundades år 1923. Resultaten visar att utmaningen att representera inkluderande och hållbara kulturarv och nationella identiteter i multikulturella samhällen är komplex. För att uppnå detta måste emellertid museer och kulturarvssektorer överväga erkännandepolitik samt civilsamhällets-engagemangspolitik och staten måste ta en arkitektroll genom att finansiera museets och kulturarvssektorn med ett armslängdavstånd. Detta är ett tvåårigt examensarbete i Musei- och kulturarvsvetenskap.

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