Concern for project failures and successes have posed a controversial and much debated topic amongst scholars and practitioners alike. IT projects are no exceptions and they too suffer from a high rate of failure. This research aims to explore the reasons why certain IT projects succeed). Besides its academic importance, the research intends to assess the implications for successful implementation of current and future IT projects. The review of the extant literature reveals the enormity of the challenges involved in minimising or avoiding project failures. Present work is contextualizing these issues in a large national organisation with branches throughout the KSA. The Saudi Arabia constitutes the case study for this research. Qualitative methodology was adopted to generate and collect adequate and relevant data. Main instruments were; Semi-structured interviews involving senior managers in five geographical areas who were involved in the management of the IT projects and selected project documents. Thematic analysis was used and led to emergence of seven main ‘themes’, 19 major ‘issues’, and the construction of the first time generic model for success of IT projects. The core issues identified in the model are: Quality, Time and Cost at three levels; individual, organisation and environment with specific order of importance. The implications of the findings for the theory and practice have been identified. It is also recommended that there is a need for further research into individual and contextual factors that influence both managers as well as the circumstances under which IT projects are implemented. / Ministry of Education, KSA

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In the decades following World War II, the Louisiana National Guard evolved due to world, national, and local events. In response to the United States’ Cold War policies to contain Communism, the Guard expanded, professionalized, and was occasionally called to federal service. In conjunction with Cold War fears of external attack and internal subversion, a civil defense mission brought coordination between federal, state and local response agencies. Despite the lack of large scale war service or an attack on the U.S. homeland , the skills and responsibilities acquired by the Louisiana Guard during this time period resulted in an enhanced ability to respond to Louisiana’s biggest practical threat, i.e. natural disasters.

Today, the strength of the National Rifle Association (NRA) is understood by the general public and many scholars to be dependent on the Second Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, the right of individuals to own firearms. This dissertation challenges that understanding by focusing on three organizations, the NRA, the National Guard and the National Board for the Promotion of Rifle Practice (NBPRP). While each organization appears in today's world to be distinct and independent, this dissertation reveals how they garnered strength from a symbiotic relationship. The NRA was founded in 1871, originally as a marksmanship organization. The National Guard, which grew from the nation's militia, was formally established in the early twentieth century. The NBPRP was a small organization that was established in 1903 within the War Department at the encouragement of the NRA. Following passage in 1903 of legislation bringing state militia units under federal control, the newly formed National Guard became dependent on the NRA, which in turn leveraged that dependence to create a nationwide grassroots organization. The NBPRP was headed by the Assistant Secretary of War until 1916 when the position of the Director of Civilian Marksmanship was created, to be held by a U.S. Army or U.S. Marine Corps officer. The NRA acted as the surrogate of the NBPRB outside of the halls of government. At the same time, the NBRPB provided the NRA with a voice within those same halls that aided in the development of federal policy and budget positions related to firearms acquisition, competition, and training. The purpose of this dissertation is to reveal how the NRA was able to employ these two organizations to develop an exceptionally powerful grassroots organization that today is recognized as one of the most powerful special interest groups in America. Understanding how this powerful organization grew offers one perspective of how the bureaucracy that has been developed to support America's federal system of government is uniquely susceptible to special interest influence.

Thesis (M. of Military Art and Science)--U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, 2007. / The original document contains color images. Title from title page of PDF document (viewed on May 27, 2008).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-06-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:25:38Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 saldanha_fhd_me_fran.pdf: 957255 bytes, checksum: 94db9988f7a759e091e975acdda5b57e (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Este trabalho tem como objeto de análise os oficiais da Guarda Nacional no atual Estado de Minas Gerais, em especial na cidade de Mariana. A Guarda Nacional foi uma milícia criada pelos liberais durante a Regência e participou ativamente da vida institucional do Brasil no processo de formação do Estado Nacional no oitocentos. Neste sentido, pretendemos evidenciar o sistema eletivo para o oficialato da milícia cívica como um mecanismo de teste do prestígio social dos oficiais civis, no período entre 1831 e 1850, numa tentativa de esmiuçar o microcosmo social dos indivíduos arregimentados no afã do espírito de associação territorial do Império e de legitimidade do Estado / This paper broaches the National Guard’s officers in the present State of Minas Gerais in the special city of Mariana. The National Guard was a militia created by liberals during the Regency and participated actively in the institutional life of Brazil in the National State’s formation process in eighteen hundred. So, this paper intends to show the officers’s election of civic militia as a test mechanism of officers’s social prestige, in the period between 1831 and 1850, trying to research about the social microcosmos of individuals enlisted in association spirit of Empire territory and State’s legitimacy

Across deployment cycles, individuals negotiate family roles to accommodate the absence then re-entry of service members. There is scant empirical evidence about the processes through which roles are reorganized. Guided by the family resilience framework (Walsh, 2016) and the model of military marriage (Karney & Crown, 2007), I hypothesized that communication would be a mechanism through which couples negotiated roles during reintegration. Couple communication was conceptualized as occurring over two distinct but related temporal rhythms: established communication patterns and daily communication strategies. I expected that couples’ Time 1 (T1) established communication patterns (problem solving and withdrawal) would predict role negotiations at Time 3 (T3), and that these associations would be mediated by daily communication strategies at Time 2 (T2). 54 heterosexual National Guard couples were interviewed at three times across eight months after service members’ return from deployment. T1 and T3 were in-person interviews and measured participants’ established patterns of family life, including established communication patterns and ease in role negotiations. T2 was a four-day data “burst” and captured couples’ daily behaviors such as competence with daily communication strategies. Path analyses indicated that T1 problem solving (an established pattern) predicted service members’ more competent T2 daily communication and easier T3 role negotiations. While no indirect associations emerged for either partner, significant others’ T2 more competent daily communication strategies predicted easier T3 role negotiations for both partners. Results suggest that problem solving and competent daily communication strategies contribute to resilient family functioning during reintegration. This study highlights the viability and importance of adopting multiple temporal rhythms to examine processes across couple transitions.

The United States Army of the Second World War faced a shortage of manpower after two decades of budgetary and organizational neglect following the post-First World. According to the Chief of Staff, George C. Marshall, this period of mobilization, between 1939 and 1941, was the most crucial of the entire war. In this period, the United States Army pursued large-scale peacetime mobilization, breaking from eighty years of traditional policy. As such, the effort to increase allocations for armaments, industrial expansion, tactical reorganization of the ground forces, mobilizing the National Guard, and the implementation of a peacetime draft all faced an uphill political battle to accomplish, reflecting the complicated political factionalism of the late New-Deal United States. Between the outbreak of hostilities in Europe in 1939 and December 1941, the United States Army grew from less than 150,000 men to more than 1 million personnel, incorporating the National Guard and inductees while also adopting many of the weapon systems it would use throughout the conflict. By mobilizing a usable core for a wartime army and vetting its general tactics and doctrine in peacetime, the Army leadership provided a cadre capable of responding to some of the Allied powers' strategic requirements during the critical year of 1942.

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-03-13T14:22:37Z No. of bitstreams: 2 eles_estao.pdf: 4462376 bytes, checksum: b823a35aa883ffec27cceb53cbdb6b34 (MD5) 00000177.pdf: 4462376 bytes, checksum: b823a35aa883ffec27cceb53cbdb6b34 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T14:22:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 eles_estao.pdf: 4462376 bytes, checksum: b823a35aa883ffec27cceb53cbdb6b34 (MD5) 00000177.pdf: 4462376 bytes, checksum: b823a35aa883ffec27cceb53cbdb6b34 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-01 / CNPQ – Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a Guarda Nacional do Império do Brasil. Dando lugar especialmente aos homens que dela participavam, oficiais e soldados rasos, no interstício entre 1850 ? ano da lei que reformou a milícia ? e 1873 ? quando houve nova reformulação normativa ?, intenta compreender fatores relativos às práticas sociais e interfaces comportamentais de variados sujeitos em um contexto delimitado, cujo cenário é a antiga Colônia Alemã de São Leopoldo. Vivências, comportamentos e estratégias diárias são revelados, buscando, assim, margens e frestas de sistemas de controle da sociabilidade. Percorrendo fios e rastros das redes políticas configuradas em uma área de colonização/imigração alemã no Rio Grande de São Pedro oitocentista, volta-se, especialmente, a tácitos acordos entre autoridades locais, abordando a sociedade imperial em um corte vertical. O cotidiano dos cidadãos em armas é objeto-chave, especialmente questões de conflictividad, que revelam a militarização que moldou as malhas e teias que compunham aquela sociedade. Em suma, busca por regras nem sempre escritas que explicitam o modus operandi da milícia em complexas manobras de revelação e obscurecimento normativo. Imigrantes naturalizados e descendentes de pioneiros, como sujeitos históricos, tornam-se, portanto, homo politicus. Preocupa-se, finalmente, em desvelar jogos de cooperações e conflitos, cuja análise debruça-se sobre o oficialato miliciano. / The purpose of this study is to analyze the National Guard during the Brazilian Empire. Considering mainly the men who participated in it, both officers and privates, during the period between 1850 – the year when the law to reform the militia was enacted – and 1873 – when the rules were again reformulated – it seeks to understand factors involving social practices and behavioral interfaces of various subjects in a delimited context whose scenario is the former German Settlement [“Colônia Alemã”] of São Leopoldo. Experiences, behaviors and daily strategies are revealed, thus seeking edges and cracks in the systems that controlled sociability. Going along the “threads” and “tracks” of the political networks configured in an area of German settlement/immigration in the province of Rio Grande de São Pedro, during the 1800s, it looks especially at tacit agreements among the local authorities, approaching Imperial society through a vertical section. The daily life of the citizens-at-arms is a key object, especially issues of conflictiveness, which reveal the militarization that molded the meshes and webs that composed that society. In brief, it looks for not always written rules that spell out the modus operandi of the militia in complex maneuvers of normative revelation and concealment. Immigrants who became Brazilian citizens and descendents of pioneers, as historical subjects, thus become homo politicus. Lastly, it concerns itself with unveiling games of cooperation and conflict, whose analysis focuses on the militia officer’ corps.

Este estudo da trajetória histórica dos militares na cidade de Crato compara com a atuação dos militares da capital Pernambucana, seja nas tropas de milícias, e ordenanças ou na Guarda Nacional, durante o período de 1718 a 1870. Naquele contexto, diversos sistemas militares nacionais e regionais se consolidaram com as Patentes e Registros de Patentes durante esse período de tropas da região do Cariri e da cidade de Crato. Por meio do diálogo com a historiografia relacionada ao tema, buscou-se perceber o funcionamento e a influência dos militares pernambucanos nos movimentos revolucionários da cidade de Crato, da região Nordeste, e como se deu essa organização da hierarquia militar. Analisa-se a participação efetiva da Igreja nos assuntos do Estado. Alguns eventos políticos, econômicos e sociais motivaram a participação da Família Alencar nas revoluções de 1817-1824 e, dessa forma, apresenta-se a Lei orgânica de 1817, a República e as prisões dos alancares na Bahia. Conclui-se com a atuação dos militares no período de 1851 e 1900, e o recrutamento das tropas militares e a organização militar e policial de Crato em 1870. A pesquisa aqui apresentada deteve-se em fontes documentais produzidas nas Cartas Régias, no arquivo estadual do Ceará, literatura regional, local, foram utilizados para o estudo das duas realidades. A investigação demonstrou que os militares foram responsáveis diretos pela implantação do processo civilizador da cidade, confirmando assim, as influências que tiveram na sociedade militar e civil da cidade de Crato. / In this study of the historical trajectory of "military" in the city of Crato compared with the performance of "military" is the capital of Pernambuco militia troops, and ordinances or in the National Guard during the period from 1718 until the late 1870s that context in several national military systems, and regional were consolidated with the Patent and Registration of Patents during that troops Cariri and the city of Crato. Through dialogue with the historiography related to the topic, we sought to understand the functioning and the influence of the military Pernambucans revolutionary movements in the city of Crato in the Northeast region, and how did this organization of the military hierarchy, and analyze the effective participation of church in state affairs. We found some political, economic and social events that motivated the participation of family Alencar in the revolutions of 1817-1824 and thus present the "Organic Act of 1817," the Republic and the arrests of "alencares" in Bahia. It concludes with the role of the military in the period 1851 and 1900, and the recruitment of troops and military and police organization of Crato in 1870 The research presented here, stopped in documentary sources produced in the Royal Letters, state file Ceará, regional literature, local, were used for the study of the two realities. Research has shown that the military was directly responsible for the implementation of the civilizing process of the city, thereby confirming the influences they have had on military and civil society of the city of Crato.