The Turkish National Police (TNP) peacekeeping officers experience poor knowledge-sharing practices before, during, and after their tours of duty at the United Nations (UN) field missions, thus causing knowledge loss. The study aims to reveal the current knowledge-sharing practices of the TNP peacekeeping officers and proposes a knowledge-sharing system to share knowledge effectively. It also examines how applicable the knowledge management models are for their knowledge-sharing practices. In order to gain a better understanding about the knowledge-sharing practices of TNP officers, the researcher used a qualitative research method in this study. The researcher used semi-structured interviews in data collection. The participants were selected based on the non-probability and purposive sampling method. Content analysis and constant comparison was performed in the data analysis process. The most important knowledge sources of the peacekeeping officers are their colleagues, the Internet, and email groups. The peacekeepers recommend writing reports, organizing training programs, conducting exit interviews, adopting best practices, and creating a knowledge depository. The study uncovers that organizational culture, hierarchy, and physical proximity are significant factors that have a vital impact on knowledge sharing. Knowledge Conversion Model is substantially applicable for the knowledge-sharing practices of the TNP peacekeeping officer.

Cette thèse est consacrée à l’étude des fichiers de police et de gendarmerie pour, notamment, mettre en lumière l’idée-force selon laquelle une conception moderne de l’État de droit promeut non seulement leur encadrement mais plus encore leur nécessité. De fait, il existe en France de nombreux fichiers tenus par diverses administrations dont le but est par exemple de recenser des personnes en fonction de leur statut, de comptabiliser les propriétaires de véhicules ou les titulaires de permis de conduire, de dénombrer les personnes condamnées, et par ces biais de prévenir et si possible faciliter la répression des contraventions, délits et crimes. Le droit à la sûreté constitue une liberté fondamentale, et il convient de percevoir que par leur existence même les fichiers de police participent de cet objectif. En pratique, il s’agira de savoir si des abréviations comme FAED, FNAEG, FIJAIS, STIC, JUDEX, FPR, FRG, FVVS, FIT, FNFM, SDRF, SIS-Schengen, N-SIS,FAC, FCA, FPIS, SDRF, AGRIPPA, FDST, FOS, CIBLE, FIP, STUC, FTIVV, SCPPB, TREIMA, RAPACE, FAR, FNPE, FSCP, SALVAC, FNT, FBS, FTPJ, FSPORA ou FNPC désignent des outils véritables et efficients de rapprochements criminels, utilisés par les autorités afin d’élucider les crimes les plus graves. En substance, ces fichiers visent, grâce à une simple requête, à identifier voire à localiser les délinquants et les criminels dans toute la mémoire informatisée des services, qu’ils’agisse des fichiers d’antécédents criminels ou même des simples notes inscrites en procédure. Au demeurant, ces moteurs de recherche peuvent fonctionner pour tous les types de délits ou crimes. / This thesis is dedicated to the understanding of police files and to their compatibility with Human rights. Also, it questions both potential Human rights and individual freedom violations behind such acronyms: FAED, FNAEG, FIJAIS, STIC, JUDEX, FPR, FRG, FVVS, FIT, FNFM, SDRF, SIS-Schengen, N-SIS, FAC, FCA,FPIS, SDRF, AGRIPA FDST, FOS, CIBLE, FIP, STUC, FTIVV, SCPPB, TREIMA, RAPACE, FAR, FNPE, FSCP, SALVAC, FNT, FBS, FTPJ, FS-PORA or FNPC. While leading an investigation, the vigilance shall then be doubled: On one hand, investigators (police and customs) should be provided with relevant and sufficient information so as to lead their inquisition and to collect enough evidence (Loppsi 2). On the other hand, the Human rights of each citizen have to be insured against abuse and misuse of information. In 2009, The CNIL (National Commissionon Informatics and Liberty) revealed that 83 % of the data of the STIC was not accurate.Data related to victims and to their offender is then stored (identity, date and place of birth, nationalities addresses). Some crimes files even reveal information related to the ethnical or racial origins of the parties, information related to their political and religious opinions, and information related to their health or to their sexual life. In case of any information misuse, recourse to justice seems to be very limited. In France, no law supports the opposition of a party to access data related to his/her identity. This is an exception made to the Informatics and Liberty Law (according to the Law 78-17 dated January 6th 1978 modified).

Organizational control is a fundamental process which ensures organizations achieve their goals. The importance and difficulty increase when the organization is a law enforcement agency. Control within an organization can be implemented in several different ways. Regular rotations and transfers of personnel is one of the control mechanisms employed by organizations to direct, motivate and encourage employees to adhere to organizational standards and objectives. The Turkish National Police (TNP) rotates and transfers police officers geographically while providing security services throughout the country. Geographic personnel rotation (GPR) is a human resource management policy of the TNP which bans home city deployment and obligates officers to transfer regularly for various deployment periods and in differing regions. The research examines geographic personnel rotation policy as an organizational control mechanism. To help better understand GPR's impact on control, the study examined data collected from interviews with human resource managers and police chiefs who implement the policy, from participant observation, and from documents and archival records. GPR is a distinct control mechanism the TNP employs to maximize personnel performance and minimize police deviance. More significantly, GPR allows the TNP to reward and punish employees depending on their performance, as well as detect and reduce deviation from organizational norms. GPR also affects the formation of police identity, which may increase or decrease commitment to the organization based on the perceived fairness of the practice. / Ph. D.

This study explores the underlying causes and deterrent control mechanisms of police misconduct in the United States. Outcomes of causes and control mechanisms constitute the basis for an applicable model for the Turkish National Police (TNP). Why is some police behavior deviate? What are the main determinants of police misconduct? Is police misconduct a result of sociological behavior and subcultural development within police organizations or a psychological behavior as an outcome of officers' personal traits? What are the control mechanisms for police misconduct? What are their strengths and weaknesses? Do they deter or not? Is there a control mechanism that deters better than others? What is the best deterrence model for the TNP?

This dissertation emphasizes the importance of the human factor in the organizational change process. Change - the only constant - is inevitable for organizations and no change program can be achieved without the support and acceptance of organization members. In this context, this study identifies officer attitudes toward organizational change in the Turkish National Police (TNP) and the factors affecting those attitudes. The Officer Attitude Model created by the researcher includes six main factors (receptivity to change, readiness for change, trust in management, commitment to organization, communication of change, and training for change) and five background factors (gender, age, rank, level of education, and work experience) to explain officer attitudes toward change. In order to test this model, an officer attitude survey was administered in Turkey among TNP members and the results of the gathered data validated this model.

This dissertation explores the relationship between social, economical, and demographic variables and reported violent and property crime incidents in the provinces of Turkey between 2000 and 2007. The data on violent and property crimes comes from Turkish National Police. All other variables are secondary data gathered from open sources and Turkstat. The research is one of the first studies to examine this relationship in Turkey. The findings of the study suggest that family disruption rate and gross domestic product were significantly related to the violent crime rate while family disruption rate, gross domestic product, population, population density, and urbanization rate were significantly related to the property crime rate in the provinces of Turkey at bivariate level. The findings of the multivariate analysis for violent crimes reveal strong support that high school graduation rate, family disruption rate and gross domestic product have a considerable significant positive impact on violent crimes while unemployment rate and urbanization rate have significant negative relationship with violent crimes in the provinces of Turkey. Likewise, the findings of the multivariate analysis for property crimes reveal strong support that high school graduation rate, family disruption rate, gross domestic product and population in a province have a considerable significant positive impact on the number of property crimes in a province in Turkey. Implications of findings and policy recommendations and future research suggestions are also discussed.

Abstract The research model was evaluated police who use Knowledge of the Ministry of the Interior National Police Administration Police Intranet system. The survey data collected from 349 users. Then, TAM model was applied to conduct data analysis. The result supports our hypotheses and shows that female police perceived more bureaucracy than male. Female has more welling to use the system than male. The ages less than 35 years old are easier to learn how to use the system than age above 51. Hypotheses result shows that organizational culture has positive and significant influence on perceived useful, perceived easy of use, behavior intention, and performance. About organizational culture, police at high school education levels are more think their style is performance oriented than master education levels. Sum up, Knowledge of the Ministry of the Interior National Police Administration Police Intranet system is useful and helpful for the police.

This research evaluates the relationships of time balance, social relations, role conflict, perception of work environment, and fourteen control variables to police officers' well-being in Turkish National Police. Well-being is identified in the management literature as having a strong relationship with performance. Therefore, by finding the factors affecting well-being, this research seeks to identify intervention strategies, which can promote a healthy workforce and police performance. Such interventions, in addition, may improve police performance through improved well-being. Individual police officers were analyzed to better understand the relationship between work environment on family life, social life, and the well-being of the police officers. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the seven geographic regions of Turkey for all branches of Turkish National Police. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to validate the measurement of latent constructs and their relationships. A 45-item questionnaire collected demographic data and items associated with the latent constructs such as time balance, social relations, role conflict, perception of work environment, and the police officers' well-being. This 45-item questionnaire was based on two survey instruments that have been used by Eurofound in Europe for two decades. The response rate for the questionnaire in this dissertation was 47.14% with 495 respondents out of 1,050 subjects. The analysis revealed statistically significant relationships between following latent constructs: time balance and well-being (an indirect effect via role conflict), time balance and social relations, time balance and role conflict, social relations and role conflict, role conflict and well-being, and perception of work environment and well-being. In addition, six control variables (rank, department, optimism, isolation, income sufficiency, and working days per week) were statistically significantly related with well-being. No direct significant relationship was found between time balance and well-being, and social relations and well-being constructs. Eight control variables (gender, marital status, service time, extra work, confusion, region, work type, and working hours per day) had no significant relationship with well-being. These findings support some commonly expressed complaints of police officers. These findings also suggest that attention should be paid to the effects of time balance, income sufficiency, work environment, and workdays on the well-being of the officers.

La Corée qui a ouvert l'ère de la démocratisation en 1987 s'avance vers la démocratie dans la vie quotidienne après la mise en vigueur du système d'autonomie locale en 1995. Dans une tendance générale et irrévocable de décentralisation et d'accroissement de l'autonomie, la décentralisation dans le domaine de la police faisait l'objet d'une discussion en tant que moyen de l'achèvement du système d'autonomie locale. Ce problème de réforme n'ayant aboutit à l'exercice limitée d'une police décentralisée que dans la seule province de Jéju exige un nouvel examen. Pour ce faire, il nous faut regarder avec attention vers un régime juridique qui est plus aisé à recevoir en droit coréen : le régime français. En effet, la France est un État traditionnellement unitaire et centralisé qui poursuit un processus de décentralisation en profondeur, incluant la police. Il en y résulte que le service de police décentralisée s'établit au niveau communal sous la direction du maire et sous le contrôle du comité de police locale au niveau provincial. La police autonome décentralisée dispose des attributions générales et se charge des affaires de police judiciaire spéciale. La police nationale assume la sécurité dans les communes n'ayant pas de service propre de police ainsi que la coordination et le contrôle pour les polices municipales. En plus, le rattachement de la Police nationale et du Comité de Police nationale doit être changé du Ministre de l'Administration Publique et de la Sécurité au Premier ministre / Korea, which opened the era of democratization in 1987 moves towards democracy in daily life after the implementation of the system of local autonomy in 1995. In a general trend of decentralization and irrevocable and increased autonomy, decentralization in the field of police was under discussion as a means of completing the system of local autonomy. This issue of reform have led to the limited exercise of a decentralized police in Jeju province alone requires a further consideration. To do this, we need to look carefully into a legal system that is easier to receive in Korean law: the French regime. Indeed, France is a traditionally unitary and centralized state which pursues a decentralization process in depth, including the police. It results that the police be decentralized at the municipal level under the leadership of Mayor and under the control of local police committee at provincial level. The autonomous decentralized police has the general duties and is responsible for special police affairs. The National Police assume security in the municipalities that do not have own police service and the coordination and control for municipal police. In addition, the incorporation of the National Police and National Police Board should be changed from the Minister of Public Administration and Security to the Prime Minister. Control over the municipal police would be accomplished administratively by the local police, by national administrative authorities and the national police authorities, or judicially against individual administrative acts

Although governments try to create strict policies and regulations to prevent abuses, use of excessive force is still a problem for almost every country including Turkey. This study is intended to help Turkish National Police administrators to understand and prevent police use of excessive force. Studies on police brutality categorize three factors that explain why police officers use excessive force; these are individual, situational and organizational. In addition to brutality theories, job satisfaction literature is examined in this study to understand the use of excessive force. Job satisfaction is found to be related with burnout, turnover, stress, commitment, and performance. The impact of officers' attitude toward the criminal justice system and/or laws has not been tested widely. Police officers attitudes toward human rights laws are examined in this study to measure its impact on attitude toward use of excessive force. A secondary data collected in Turkey are analyzed by structural equation modeling which provides confirmatory factor analysis, path analysis, and causal relationships between variables. It is found that police officers' attitude toward human rights laws is a significant predictor of their attitudes toward use of excessive force. Job satisfaction and education level are the other significant variables affecting attitude toward use of excessive force. Based on the analyses of findings, educational and policy implications are posed for Turkish police administrators to better understand and prevent police use of excessive force.