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Depuis l'Acte I de la décentralisation, au début des années 1980, l'Etat a progressivement territorialisé les politiques du logement. Ce lent processus de territorialisation a abouti à un système d'action publique complexe dans le champ de l'habitat, où s'enchevêtrent les compétences de chacun des échelons publics. Au sein de cet éclatement de la responsabilité publique dans le domaine du logement, l'échelon intercommunal (soit les Etablissements de coopération intercommunale-EPCI) s'est vu confier par le législateur le rôle de "chef de file" des politiques de l'habitat sur les scènes locales du logement. La thèse se propose d'analyser le processus d'apprentissage à l'oeuvre dans l'élaboration et la mise en oeuvre de ces politiques locales de l'habitat, au sein d'un contexte d'incertitude généralisée qui caractérise aujourd'hui l'action publique en général, et l'action urbaine en particulier. Elle s'appuie sur un travail empirique mené au sein de deux configurations locales bénéficiant d'une ancienneté dans leur pratique de la coopération intercommunale, et d'une certaine maturité dans la prise en charge des questions d'habitat par l'action locale : les agglomérations de Lyon et de Dunkerque. La thèse interroge d'abord le rôle de l'Etat dans son apprentissage des nouvelles responsabilités des EPCI. Elle montre notamment que cet apprentissage est source d'incertitudes pour les acteurs intercommunaux, l'Etat étant plus souvent perçu comme un perturbateur qu'un facilitateur. Elle décrit également la fragilisation des services déconcentrés de l'Etat qui semble s'opérer dans le champ de l'habitat. La thèse s'intéresse ensuite à l'apprentissage des EPCI et notamment aux ressources dont les intercommunalités disposent pour élaborer et mettre en oeuvre leurs politiques locales de l'habitat, ainsi qu'aux moyens qu'elles mobilisent pour contourner le déficit coercitif de ces ressources (pédagogie, technicisation, contractualisation). Enfin, elle revient sur les avancées et les limites de ce double processus d'apprentissage. Elle montre que les notions de temps et de confiance sont au coeur des processus observés et propose des pistes de réflexions / In France, since Act 1 of the transfer of power from the government to local authorities ("Décentralization") in the early 1980s, the State has gradually territorialized its housing policies. This slow process ultimately resulted in a complex network of public actions within the housing field, where the competencies of the different ruling bodies often overlap. Within this patchwork of responsabilities, metropolitan authorities ("Etablissement de coopération intercommunale- EPCI") have been appointed by lawmakers as the leading entity to implement the housing policy on a local scale. This research attempts to analyze the learning mechanisms at work in the design and the implementation oh housing policies on a local basis, in the context of uncertainty that characterizes public action in general, especially in the urban field. It draws on an empirical study of two local areas, accustomed to metropolitan cooperation, and experienced in dealing with housing issues on a local basis : greater Lyon and greater Dunkerque. This study first takles the role of the State in its understanding of the new responsabilities granted to the EPCI. It especially shows that this process can be a source of confusion for the local authorities, as the State can often be more destabilizing than hepful. It also shows the on-going weakening state of local government services. Then, the study deals with the learning mechanism of the EPCI, and notably the ressources available to design and implement their local housing policies, as well as their capabilities to by-pass the lack of coercition of these resources (education, technicization, contractualization). Lastly, it deals with the advantages and the limits of this dual learning process. Is shows that the issues of time and trust are essential, and makes suggestions for future research

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-04-02T12:31:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Davi Furtado Meirelles.pdf: 12828222 bytes, checksum: 85db9a8184e1e991171ca0802dadd60d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-02T12:31:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Davi Furtado Meirelles.pdf: 12828222 bytes, checksum: 85db9a8184e1e991171ca0802dadd60d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-02 / The controversial debate on the prevalence of “negotiated over legislated” has stimulated several studies about the real extent of private collective autonomy in labor relations. Can freedom to negotiate - and thus to seek a regulation closer to reality for the parties directly concerned, especially in times of economic crisis - allow the disregard of legally and long regulated rights? Would the flexibilization of these rights necessarily require deregulation of those same rights? If there are compensatory clauses, is it possible and valid the negotiation that chooses not to apply rights enshrined in labor legislation, without compromising the principle of worker protection? The analysis of these issues is at stake when trying to achieve the best possible balance in collective labor relations / A polêmica discussão da prevalência do negociado sobre o legislado tem estimulado vários estudos sobre o real alcance da autonomia privada coletiva nas relações de trabalho. A liberdade de negociar e, com isso, buscar uma regulamentação mais próxima da realidade para as partes diretamente interessadas, notadamente em tempos de crises econômicas, pode autorizar a não aplicação de direitos legislados, e há muito regulamentados? A flexibilização desses direitos importaria, necessariamente, a desregulamentação dos mesmos? Em havendo cláusulas compensatórias, é possível e válida a negociação que deixa de aplicar direitos consagrados na legislação trabalhista, sem comprometer o princípio protetivo do trabalhador? A análise dessas questões está em jogo quando se busca alcançar o maior equilíbrio possível nas relações coletivas de trabalho

How doctoral students view their institution's ability to resolve problems may be directly related to their overall satisfaction of the institution. Challenges such as barriers to communication could have a negative effect on the students' ability to be retained by the institution. Policies to address issues relating to retention; high default rates on student loans and student services are increasing and more constraining. While the literature indicates the formation of federal policies to monitor recruitment practices of for-profit online institutions, it is not known to what extent these policies have influenced the quality of postrecruitment services. Using the theoretical framework of Vincent Tinto's model of student retention, this qualitative phenomenological study analyzes the quality of these postrecruitment policies related to enrollment, financial, and problem resolution from the perspective of students. Data were collected from 20 current and former doctoral students of online programs at for-profit institutions through inteviews. These interview data were transcribed, and then subjected to open coding and thematic analysis. Findings indicate that participants perceive that their institutions were prepared to resolve problems; however, communication issues were prevalent largely because of the asynchronous nature of email communication or differences in time zones. Based on these findings, the recommendation is for institutions to consider reevaluating methods of communication with students. Social change can be obtained by utilizing the students' experiences to facilitate improvements in the for-profit sector to minimize the opportunity for snowball effects such as retention challenges.

<p>This composite dissertation explores mediation in internal armed conflicts from a bargaining perspective. Four separate essays investigate why mediation occurs, why it is successful, and why peace guarantors’ commitments are credible. Essay 1 examines the conditions under which mediation takes place. The study argues that whereas it is costly for governments to accept international mediation, it is a less costly intervention tool for potential third parties. This argument implies that mediation will be more likely when and where negotiated settlements are least likely to be reached, a contention that is supported by empirical tests. Essay 2 reviews the contemporary debate on what types of mediators that can disseminate information in a credible manner, and formulates a set of testable hypotheses on mediation partiality. The analysis shows that negotiated settlements are more likely if biased or interested mediators intervene, while neutral mediators are not associated with mediation success. Essay 3 elaborates on the role of biased mediators. It proposes that rebels face a commitment problem when negotiated settlements are to be reached, which government-biased mediators can mitigate. The study finds that such types of mediators outperform rebel-biased mediators in terms of helping combatants to settle the armed conflict. Essay 4 deals with the commitment problem that comes to pass between, on the one hand the primary parties, and on the other, the potential peace guarantors. The study probes the requests and promises for third-party security guarantees and suggests that the reputation of the United Nations (UN) enhances its credibility as peace guarantor compared to non-UN actors. It finds that although the UN is more restrictive with its promises, it is more likely that peacekeeping forces will be provided if the UN is one of the guarantors. In sum, utilizing unique data from two time-periods (post World War II and post Cold War), this dissertation arrives at new insights on the role of mediators in bringing about negotiated settlements of internal armed conflicts.</p>

This composite dissertation explores mediation in internal armed conflicts from a bargaining perspective. Four separate essays investigate why mediation occurs, why it is successful, and why peace guarantors’ commitments are credible. Essay 1 examines the conditions under which mediation takes place. The study argues that whereas it is costly for governments to accept international mediation, it is a less costly intervention tool for potential third parties. This argument implies that mediation will be more likely when and where negotiated settlements are least likely to be reached, a contention that is supported by empirical tests. Essay 2 reviews the contemporary debate on what types of mediators that can disseminate information in a credible manner, and formulates a set of testable hypotheses on mediation partiality. The analysis shows that negotiated settlements are more likely if biased or interested mediators intervene, while neutral mediators are not associated with mediation success. Essay 3 elaborates on the role of biased mediators. It proposes that rebels face a commitment problem when negotiated settlements are to be reached, which government-biased mediators can mitigate. The study finds that such types of mediators outperform rebel-biased mediators in terms of helping combatants to settle the armed conflict. Essay 4 deals with the commitment problem that comes to pass between, on the one hand the primary parties, and on the other, the potential peace guarantors. The study probes the requests and promises for third-party security guarantees and suggests that the reputation of the United Nations (UN) enhances its credibility as peace guarantor compared to non-UN actors. It finds that although the UN is more restrictive with its promises, it is more likely that peacekeeping forces will be provided if the UN is one of the guarantors. In sum, utilizing unique data from two time-periods (post World War II and post Cold War), this dissertation arrives at new insights on the role of mediators in bringing about negotiated settlements of internal armed conflicts.

Background: Effective information exchange is an asset to effective lung cancer care. Although a considerable body of evidence informs the approaches to ‘diagnostic bad news delivery’, the exchange of information that takes place between patients with cancer and professionals with whom they interact thereafter is less well documented. Information exchange has an influential role throughout the lung cancer care continuum, providing patients and professionals with details relative to the cancer diagnosis and the subsequent choices to be made in its management. Information on disease extent, treatment and related side-effects, rehabilitation and prognosis are judged by patients as the most prominent for them. Despite awareness of the specific categories relevant to information exchange needs, there is little evidence available exploring the information exchange process, per se, within cancer generally and even less within the lung cancer context. Aim: To investigate information exchange processes during lung cancer consultations, specifically exploring information content which is both exchanged and not exchanged. Design: Qualitative, multiple case study design. Methods: A case centred on a patient with lung cancer. Within the case were the patients, the health professionals they consulted with and accompanying companions. Seven cases were recruited, which included 12 companions. Data were collected in outpatient clinics between 2010 and 2011. Data were digital recordings of consultations; debrief interviews immediately post-consultation and later in-depth patient interviews. All interviews were transcribed and analysed for pattern matching and coding. Findings: Analysis of categorical data indicated cases were typical of the Scottish lung cancer population across all demographic domains, accept age and performance status. The preliminary analysis showed across cases, almost universal satisfaction with the level and content of information exchange for the main a priori categories of diagnosis, treatment and treatment outcome. Substantive analysis revealed that information content across the a priori categories was influenced by the presence of the accompanying companion. Within the clinical consultation, companion influence on information exchange was shown to be mediating, moderating or neutral. A key finding which emerged showed companion accompaniment to be a negotiated process, with three identifying levels of accompaniment. Non-negotiated companion presence at the clinic was associated with influential and expert companions who significantly moderated the content, direction and flow of information exchange, using the constructs of companion control, companion agenda and companion as expert. Persuasive influences further shaped non-negotiated accompaniment and were identified as demographic characteristics and relationship alliances. Patient and professional perspective regarding companion accompaniment was shown to be discordant. Conclusions: The level of negotiated companion presence at lung cancer clinics has direct implications for clinical care. There needs to be greater understanding among professionals of ways in which information exchange can be influenced by companions.

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Throughout their existence, organizations face endless change. Organizational change programs, despite often being initiated by top management, inevitably involve employees at multiple levels in the organization, including middle managers, which could be argued to play an especially important role as they are both receivers and implementers of the change. The middle managers try to make sense of the changes initiated by top management while they simultaneously are expected to sell it down the organizational line, meaning that the middle managers are forced to balance multiple and sometimes competing roles during change. Moreover, negotiations arise during the unstable times of change for the new social order to be determined and for organizational work to take place. To better understand these phenomena, this study applies a change recipient perspective, specifically that of middle managers. The phenomena were explored through a case study, which included qualitative interviews with managers in an organization that during the study was undergoing multiple changes, with the aim to gain a better understanding of these complex social processes by recognizing the impact from contextual and cultural factors. The findings of the study illustrate that while the middle managers negotiated within themselves to make sense of the change, they did not get the same opportunity to negotiate with their superiors. Further, the middle managers made sense of the change in ways that were unique to them, depending on their individual experiences and backgrounds. Hence, there was no single “best way” to facilitate all middle managers’ sensemaking processes, rather, the middle managers needed differing support at differing points in time. The study concludes that the contextual factors, such as the organizational culture and subcultures, power relations and social dynamics, were what affected the middle manager's sensemaking processes and their room for negotiation. Therefore, these factors could be further addressed in theory and in practice before initiating change. / Organisationer står inför oändlig förändring under hela sin existens. Organisatoriska förändringsprogram, trots att de ofta initierats av högsta ledningen, involverar oundvikligen anställda på flera nivåer i organisationen, inklusive mellanchefer, vilka skulle kunna hävdas spela en särskilt viktig roll eftersom de är både mottagare och implementerare av förändringen. Mellancheferna försöker förstå den uppifrån initierade förändringen samtidigt som de förväntas sälja den längs organisationslinjen, vilket innebär att mellancheferna tvingas balansera flera, ibland konkurrerande, roller under förändring. Dessutom uppstår förhandlingar under den instabila tid som förändringar medför för att den nya sociala ordningen ska kunna bestämmas och för att organisationsarbete ska kunna äga rum. För att bättre förstå dessa fenomen tillämpar denna studie ett “förändringsmottagarperspektiv”, särskilt det av mellancheferna. Dessa fenomen utforskades genom en fallstudie, som innehöll kvalitativa intervjuer med chefer i en organisation som under studien genomgick flera förändringar, med syftet att få en bättre förståelse för dessa komplexa sociala processer genom att vidkänna påverkan från kontextuella och kulturella faktorer. Resultaten av studien illustrerar att medan mellancheferna förhandlade inom sig själva för att förstå förändringen, fick de inte samma möjlighet att förhandla med sina överordnade. Vidare skapade mellancheferna mening av förändringen på sätt som var unika för dem, beroende på deras individuella erfarenheter och bakgrunder. Därför fanns det inget enskilt "bästa sätt" att underlätta alla mellanchefers meningsskapande processer, snarare behövde mellancheferna olika stöd vid olika tidpunkter. Studien drar slutsatsen att de kontextuella faktorerna, såsom organisationskulturen och subkulturer, maktrelationer och social dynamik, var det som påverkade mellanchefens förhandlingsmöjligheter och förmåga att förstå förändringen. Därför kan dessa faktorer uppmärksammas ytterligare i teorin samt i praktiken innan förändringar initieras.

This Master degree thesis deals with content quality regulation and motivation to participate in the Scuk.cz project - web server dedicated to reviews of restaurants and other culinary venues. The server represents a specific case of user-generated content (UGC) whose content comes from closed community of reviewers chosen among non-professional food lovers by the server's founder. Aim of this thesis is to describe this filtration and regulation process as well as the qualitative criteria applied to reviewers and reviews, both from the point of view of administrators and community members. It uses the theory of reputation systems as well as Carpentier's more dynamic concept of quality as the ever-changing result of democratic negotiations (in the context of community media, as Scuk.cz can be to a certain extent). Motivations for participation are explained with Bourdieu's concepts of social and cultural capital and their later derivations. Empirical part of the study is based on qualitative interviews with administrators and 11 community members and following thematical analysis. Interview data are completed with analysis of texts - Scuk guidelines, reviews and other community communication. We found out that the first access filter plays a key role in content regulation, creating like- minded...