The diploma paper deals with the offences problems negotiated over a proposal that record features of domestic violence. The theoretical part concentrates on a brief interpretation of the Offence Law, particularly on the dealing with offences process. The research section of the paper contains the analysis proposed offences in municipalities with extended competencies in Liberec district in the period of time of 2009. It has been reflecting administrative bodies actions before the start of offence procedures in particular case and with this connected cases as well. Hereinafter it has been dealing with analyzing to what extent the involved bodies are informed by the administrative bodies about further options helping ``preventing the domestic violence{\crqq}. Furthermore it has been dealing with issues how the administrative bodies proceed in cases when families are having children. The conclusion of the paper is devoted to the accomplishment classification of the research targets. Facts established during the research show the problematic aspects of the administrative sentences in negotiating over proposed offences. The established facts initiate discussion about possible ways how to dealing with such problematic cases.

Parmi les normes qui alimentent le droit du travail, la convention collective revêt une nature particulière. Norme privée, elle emporte à l’égard des salariés, les effets d’un règlement. Au-delà, l’intervention d’une autorité publique peut provoquer sa métamorphose. L’extension et l’élargissement conduisent déjà à une métamorphose : un arrêté ministériel déploie les effets de la convention évinçant définitivement son effet relatif. Mais celle-ci ne devient pas pour autant une norme réglementaire. Le glissement de la norme privée vers la norme publique n’est pas complet. Une situation hybride est créée. Mais qu’en est-il alors de l’équilibre entre la liberté des partenaires sociaux et le pouvoir du ministre du Travail ? Quels liens entretiennent le régime de la convention et celui de l’arrêté, le juge judiciaire et le juge administratif ? De la norme privée à la norme publique, la métamorphose est complète lorsque la substance d’un accord collectif est reprise dans le texte d’une loi ou d’un règlement. Les partenaires sociaux sont par là-même associés à la confection de la norme publique. Née d’une pratique, cette participation a reçu consécration législative avant son éventuelle constitutionnalisation. Au-delà du constat de l’interdépendance des partenaires sociaux et du législateur et de la mesure de ses avantages et ses inconvénients, la conception de l’intérêt général, la place du Parlement et le rôle du Conseil constitutionnel sont au coeur de l’étude. / Among all the standards that shape French Labor Law, the Collective Agreement is of a special nature. As a private standard, it has the same effects, towards the employees, as a regulation. Besides, the intervention of a public authority may cause its transformation. Its extension and its enlargement have already lead to a transformation: a ministerial order has widened the effects of the Agreement, thus suppressing definitively its privity. Yet the Collective Agreement has not become a regulatory standard. The mutation of the private standard to a public standard is not yet complete. A hybrid situation has emerged. But what about the liberty of the Social Partners and the powers of the French Minister of Labor? How to articulate the legal effects of the Collective Agreement and the legal effects of the ministerial ordinance? How to articulate the relationships between the ordinary courts and the administrative courts? From a private standard to a public standard, the transformation is complete when the content of a Collective agreement is adopted in a statute or a regulation, thus associating the Social Partners to the creation of a public standard. While their participation has received legislative backing, it might even be constitutionalized. Beyond the observation of the interdependence between the Social Partners and the legislative power, and beyond the assessment of the pros and cons of this interdependence, the conception of the general interest, the place of the Parliament and the role of the Conseil constitutionnel are at the heart of the present study.

The master's thesis is focused on the analysis of the conditions for use of particular modes of public tenders under the Act no. 137/2006 Coll., on Public Contracts, as amended. The main part of the thesis covers the negotiated procedure without prior notice, as the least transparent and yet frequently used type of award procedures. However, principal characteristics of all other types of award procedures are also mentioned. To provide a complete and sufficiently detailed analysis and comparison of particular types of award procedures, this thesis refers not only to doctrinal literature, but also to case law of the Office for the Protection of Competition, the Regional Court in Brno, the Supreme Administrative Court and also European case law. The thesis also includes analysis of selected provisions of Act no. 55/2012 Coll., effective as of 1 April 2012, significantly amending the Act on Public Contracts.

This thesis is a case study of the Swedish Rehabilitation Reform of 1992. Vocational rehabilitation is described as an organizational activity which takes place in the interaction between social policy regulations and organizational execution. The analytical point of departure is made up of two complementary theoretical perspectives (Chapter 3): New institutional theory and the concept of 'negotiated order'. New institutional theory can aid inter-organizational analysis as it assumes that organizations are not only influenced, but also permeated by institutional and technical frameworks. The 'negotiated order' perspective can provide an understanding of actors' motives when they work together. This perspective also acknowledges that actors are able to exercise 'episodic power', and that this differs from 'formal power'. The first empirical study (Chapter 4) analyses the political motives behind the Rehabilitation Reform of 1992. It shows that at the time of the Rehabilitation Reform economical and political interests were pushing for a tighter regulations in Swedish social policy. The following three empirical studies focus on the 'organizational field' in which rehabilitation is practised. This field consists of the social insurance office, employment agencies, primary health care centres and occupational health service centres. Chapter 5 deals with the regulations and environmental factors influencing the various organizations and their representatives. It points to five external forces that influence the performance of the four type of actors. The social insurance office is influenced by a judicial social insurance logic, the employment agencies by a holistic labour market policy logic, and the physicians in primary health care centres and in occupational health centres by a 'holistic' medical frame of reference, which contrasts with that often found in other medical sub-specialities. Finally, employers are influenced first, by a logic of profit which has a technical and institutional dimension and second, by an institutional welfare state logic. Chapter six shows that the largest 'domain conflict' in the initial phase of the rehabilitation trajectory has to do with defining 'capacity to work'. Domain conflicts are seen as resulting from different institutional logics, implying different views on illness and capacity to work. Numerous and frequent personal interaction make it possible for physicians and rehabilitation officials to avoid conflict. The operative phase is associated with two major domain conflicts. The first is related to negotiations between the social insurance office and the employers about transferring employees to other duties. Both sides avoid exercising power that may damage clients and future trust. Episodic power resources are used to exercise the strategy of 'the golden middle path'. The other domain conflict is related to the judgement of work capacity. The labour market officials' view of work capacity differs from that of the officials at the social insurance office. Chapter seven compares cooperative rehabilitation projects with regular rehabilitation activity. The results show that actors in cooperative projects break the sequential work order used in regular rehabilitation activity and thereby projects quickly collect comprehensive information about individuals. Cooperative projects can also achieve flexible solutions tailored to an individual clients needs. Further, cooperative projects allow time for unconventional initiatives, which regular activity do not. The process of 'returning to work' poses a challenge both kinds of work organizations. Individuals who are disabled in some way are required to meet the same labour market demands as healthy and well educated are expected to meet. Finally, regular rehabilitation work tends uses standardize clients while cooperative projects tend to treat them as individuals. / digitalisering@umu

Submitted by Maria Dulce (mdulce@ndc.uff.br) on 2014-01-31T16:34:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Guedes, Marco-Dissert-2013.pdf: 2582765 bytes, checksum: 89db0f1a72067f6171251fd6ed8705d6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-01-31T16:34:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guedes, Marco-Dissert-2013.pdf: 2582765 bytes, checksum: 89db0f1a72067f6171251fd6ed8705d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Essa dissertação tem como objeto principal as mobilizações dos favelados cariocas construídas por meio da União dos Trabalhadores Favelados, fundada em 1954. Descartando categorias imprecisas, como a de “pobres”, parte da caracterização da imensa maioria dos favelados como membros da classe trabalhadora e, portanto, sujeitos às condicionantes estruturais impostas a essa classe pelo modo de produção capitalista. A partir daí, a análise volta-se para a compreensão do papel da organização de base constitutiva da UTF na produção da alternativa elaborada pelos trabalhadores favelados ao modelo de “controle negociado” imposto pelo Estado e pelas classes dominantes. Por fim, analisa a evolução das políticas públicas implementadas entre os anos de 1945-1964 com o fito de adequar esse modelo de controle negociado a cada novo avanço surgido da organização e da luta dos trabalhadores favelados. / This dissertation’s main goal is to analyze the mobilizations brought about by Rio de Janeiro’s favelados in the frame of the União dos Trabalhadores Favelados, founded in 1954. Dismissing some inaccurate categories, such as that of “poors”, it characterizes the majority of favelados as members of the working class and, as such, subjects to structural determinations derived from the capitalist mode of production. From that point on, the analysis is aimed to the comprehension of the grassroots organization that was constitutive of UTF, as a pre-condition to the development of an alternative to the “negotiated control” system imposed by the state and the ruling classes. At last, it frames the incarnations assumed by that system in the 1945-1964 period, as responses to constant victories obtained by the favelados in their struggles.

Le droit de l’environnement est un droit relativement jeune, dont la filiation naturelle à l’intérêt général en a fait l’affaire exclusive des pouvoirs publics. Mais aujourd’hui, alors que « toute personne a le devoir de prendre part à la préservation et à l’amélioration de l’environnement » (article 2 de la Charte de l’environnement), il ne saurait rester cantonné dans les bastions du droit public. La tendance contemporaine à la contractualisation du droit, traversant de nombreuses branches, touche le droit de l’environnement qui y puise les ressources de son déploiement. A cette fin, parler de « contractualisation du droit de l’environnement » recouvre deux réalités. C’est, d’abord, constater que le droit de l’environnement investit le contrat, qu’il s’agisse de diversifier son objet environnemental ou laisser y proliférer des obligations environnementales. La stratégie est simple. Le droit de l’environnement se place dans le contrat. Et le contrat, tel un « cheval de Troie », le fait pénétrer dans l’enceinte des relations interindividuelles. Vecteur de diffusion du droit de l’environnement, le contrat en devient un outil de gestion favorisant sa réception par les individus. C’est, ensuite, remarquer que le contrat agit sur le droit de l’environnement. Son action est, en premier lieu, créatrice de droit. A cet égard, la contractualisation recoupe, pour une part, l’hypothèse du droit négocié portant une dimension collective dans l’élaboration du droit et soulève, pour une autre part, la question débattue du potentiel normatif du contrat individuel, qui paraît pleinement se déployer en matière environnementale. L’action du contrat est, en second lieu, réformatrice. Une profonde mutation structurelle du droit de l’environnement est en effet à l’oeuvre, posant les fondations d’un ordre juridique environnemental, dont l’architecture glisse « de la pyramide au réseau ». Un tel changement de physionomie s’accompagnerait d’un changement de philosophie, vers un droit du développement durable. Mais c’est davantage au soutien d’un développement durable du droit de l’environnement que la dynamique de contractualisation trouvera sa pertinence. Dans le contrat et par le contrat, le droit de l’environnement prend de l’envergure : il rayonne et il s’impose, prêt à relever le défi de sa « modernisation ». / Environmental law is a relatively young law. Due to its natural filiation to public interest, it was exclusively governed by the public authorities. But today, while "everyone has the duty to participate in the conservation and in the improvement of the environment" (article 2 of the Charter for the environment), it could not remain quartered in the realm of public law. The contemporary trend to the law contractualization, crossing lots of branches, concerns environmental law which draws from it the resources of its deployment. To this end, speaking about "contractualization of the environmental law" covers two realities. It is, at first, to notice that environmental law moves into the contract, whether it is a question of diversifying its environmental object or of letting proliferate environmental obligations there. The strategy is simple. Environmental law takes place in the contract. And the contract, like a Trojan horse, makes it penetrate the enclosure of the interpersonal relations. Like a vehicle for dissemination of environmental law, the contract becomes one management tool favoring its reception by individuals. It is, then, to notice that the contract acts on environmental law. In this connexion, the contractualization overlaps, for one part, the hypothesis of the negotiated law carrying a collective dimension in the elaboration of the law, and for another part, that of the spontaneous law revealing the normative potential of the individual contract. A profound structural transformation of environmental law is at work, putting the foundations of an ecological public order, the architecture of which slides "from the pyramid to the network". Such a change of face comes along with a change in philosophy, towards a sustainable development law. But it is more in the support of a sustainable development of environmental law that the dynamics of contractualization will find its relevance. In the contract and by the contract, environmental law expands: it shines and it stands out, ready to take up the challenge of its "modernization".

This dissertation examines the emergence, survival, performance, and national impact of rebel parties following negotiated settlements. Building on a growing literature examining the environmental and organizational factors affecting insurgent-to-party transformations, this dissertation asks why some insurgent organizations thrive as political parties in post-conflict environments and others fail to make such a transformation. I propose that foreign actors play a pivotal role in the formation of what I call “protégé parties,” which are better equipped to make the transformation into political parties than other rebel groups. Further, different kinds of sponsors have varying effects on transformation. Empirical analysis supports these propositions, finding that protégé parties with authoritarian sponsorship are better equipped to develop than those backed by democracies or no one.

abstract: In the last decade, the educational field, in general, has experienced increasing interest in applying augmented reality (AR) for educational purposes. Studies have shown that when AR is effectively applied in education, it can increase students’ learning interest and concentration (Zhang et al., 2014), reduce cognitive overload (Bower et al., 2014, p.1), and provide a more authentic learning experience (Klopfer, 2008). This study uses both cognitive and sociocultural theoretical perspectives to better understand the role of AR in peer interaction by investigating language-related episodes (LREs) during collaborative dialogue. The current study investigates whether mobile-based AR influence the number, nature, outcome, and correction orientation of LREs during two oral and writing-focused activities of ten advanced L2 Spanish dyads using AR and non-AR mobile applications. The results show significant differences in the incidence of LREs in both settings (AR vs non-AR) and modality focus (oral vs writing-focused). Although significant differences were found between mechanical LREs vs. lexical and grammatical LREs, no significant differences were found between lexical and grammatical LREs in both modalities and settings. Likewise, the correction orientation was similar in both modalities, whereas the LRE outcomes were significantly different in both settings. Immediate posttests were administered to determine whether participants retained the results of the LREs based on the LRE outcome types. The posttests showed a strong correlation between the recognition and production scores of the grammatical structures. However, no significant differences were found in the recognition or production of grammatical structures nor the production of lexical items between the two settings. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Spanish 2020

Ambitionen med denna studie har varit bidra med ny kunskap över hur olika kommuner organiserar sitt arbete med Kommunernas aktivitetsansvar (KAA), hur verksamheterna utformas samt vilka faktorer som får betydelse för utformningen. Syftet har även varit att beskriva vilka framgångsfaktorer och utmaningar yrkesverksamma kan identifiera i sitt arbete med ungdomen och hur den relationsskapande processen ser ut. Ytterligare avsåg studien att undersöka hur KAA-verksamheter samverkar med andra offentliga serviceorgan, som skola och socialtjänst. Studiens teoretiska referensramar har varit Organisationsteorin ‘Förhandlad ordning’ och ‘Relation- och kommunikationsteorin’. Empirin samlades in genom kvalitativa, semistrukturerade intervjuer med nio yrkesverksamma inom KAA-verksamheter från sju svenska kommuner. Resultatet av denna studie visar att KAA-verksamhetens operativa förutsättningar påverkas av vilken kommunal förvaltning som insatsen placeras inom. KAA-verksamheten styrs till stor del underifrån, och yrkesverksammas yrkesbakgrund, handlingsutrymme och engagemang får betydelse för verksamhetens utformning. Samverkan med andra verksamheter och organisationer sker antingen genom standardiserade möten eller personliga kontakter. En bra samverkan med både grund- och gymnasieskolan är en framgångsfaktor som fungerar olika bra i olika kommuner. Vårt resultat har även visat att socialtjänstens sekretessbestämmelser försvårar KAA-verksamhetens uppsökande arbete. Detta leder till att kommuner upprättar lokala rutiner för hur sekretessbelagda uppgifter ska hanteras. / The ambition of this study has been to contribute new knowledge about how different municipalities organize their work with The Municipalities' Activity Responsibility (Kommunens Aktivitetsansvar; KAA), how the operations are designed and which factors are important for the design. The purpose has also been to describe which success factors and challenges professionals can identify in their work with young people and what the relationship building process looks like. The study also aimed to investigate how KAA operations interact with other public service providers, such as schools and social services. The study's theoretical framework has been the Organizational Theory ‘Negotiated Order’ and the ‘Relationship and Communication Theory’. The empirics were collected through qualitative, semi-structured interviews with nine professionals in KAA operations from seven Swedish municipalities. The result of this study has shown that the KAA operation’s operational conditions are affected by the municipal administration in which the intervention is placed. KAA operations are often controlled from below, and professionals' own professional background, commitment and space of action have an impact on the design of the operations. Collaboration with other authorities and organizations takes place either through standardized meetings or personal contacts. A good collaboration with both primary and secondary school is a success factor that works differently in different municipalities. The result of this study has also shown that the social services' secrecy regulations make it difficult for the KAA operations to fulfill their duty. This leads to municipalities establishing local routines for how classified information is to be handled.

Alcohol abuse has been a major burden on the society. In the fight against it a key issue the education of the primary care nurses has been ignored. This study evaluates the effect of education program on the attitudes, beliefs, and confidence levels of primary care nurses regarding alcohol abuse and its treatment. Data from the Project Mainstream educational intervention were used with permission from the investigators. Two hundred one students and faculty of nursing at Vanderbilt University participated in the intervention, which was designed to train primary care providers in the Brief Negotiated Intervention technique for early detection and treatment of alcohol problems. Participants completed questionnaires before and after the educational intervention. Analysis of the data using paired samples t-test and one way analysis of variance showed statistically significant positive change in the nurses' attitudes, beliefs, and confidence levels regarding alcohol abuse and its treatment after the educational intervention. This study has shown the importance of educational intervention in dealing with alcohol abuse.