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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
51

Recherche de biomarqueurs précoces de diagnostic de la néphropathie diabétique / Search for early candidate biomarkers for diabetic nephropathy

Ben Ameur Siala, Randa 25 February 2011 (has links)
La néphropathie diabétique (ND) est l'une des complications graves du diabète. Elle affecte environ 30% des patients diabétiques. La microalbuminurie est actuellement l'élément diagnostique principal de la survenue de la ND mais manque de spécificité et précocité. Plusieurs études ont été consacrées à la recherche de nouveaux biomarqueurs (BM) de la ND par des approches protéomiques. Nous avons montré dans la phase initiale de notre travail que si de nombreux candidats BM avaient été identifiés, leur nature ne faisait pas consensus et que de nombreuses études, de par leur conception, ne pouvaient identifier de BM plus précoces que l'albumine. Partant de ce constat, nous avons sélectionné une cohorte originale de diabétiques de type 1 normoalbuminuriques considérés à risque de développer la ND, sur la base de l'apparition d'une microalbuminurie consécutive à un test d'effort. Une cohorte contrôle a été aussi constituée. Dans la première partie de notre travail, nous avons comparé par électrophorèse bidimensionnelle les protéomes urinaires des patients des deux coho rtes. Les BM candidats ont été ensuite identifiés par spectrométrie de masse. L'analyse fonctionnelle de ces protéines a montré que certaines sont impliquées dans la cascade de la coagulation et les mécanismes de dysfonctionnement endothélial. Le caractère diagnostique de ces protéines a été validé dans les mêmes cohortes de patients par des expériences de Western-blot. La compréhension de la nature et de la fonction physiologique des BM candidats identifiés nous a permis de mieux appréhender les mécanismes moléculaires de la pathogénèse de la ND et d'identifier des candidats biomarqueurs plus précoces que l'albumine. Ces résultats sont présentés sous la forme d'un projet d'article .La deuxième partie de notre travail expérimental est constituée d'études préliminaires visant à la recherche de protéines spécifiques urinaires, néphrine et isoformes de l'adiponectine, afin d'évaluer leur potentiel diagnostique. 1 Ben Ameur R. et al Proteomic approaches for discovering biomarkers of diabetic nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 25, 2866-752 Ben Ameur R. et al Identification of early candidate biomarkers for diabetic nephropathy by urine proteomic analysis. To be submitted / Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most serious complications of diabetes. It affects about 30% of diabetic patients. Microalbuminuria is currently the main available marker for DN risk, but has inadequate specificity and precocity. Several published studies intended to research new biomarkers (BM) of DN by proteomic approaches. We have shown1 that, if several candidate BM were claimed, there was no consensus about their nature and that a number of studies could not identify BM earlier than albumin because of the study design. Thus, we have selected an original cohort of type 1 diabetic patients considered at risk of developing DN, on the basis of urinary albumin excretion after an exercice test. A control cohort was also enrolled. Using 2D gel electrophoresis we compared the urinary proteomes of patients from both cohorts. Then, candidate BM were identified by mass spectrometry. Functional analysis of these proteins showed that some are involved in the coagulation cascade and in mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction. The diagnostic potential of these proteins was validated by Western blotti ng. The nature and physiological function of candidate biomarkers allowed to better understand the molecular pathogenic mechanisms of DN. Results from this part of the work are shown in the form of an article2. Preliminary studies to assess the diagnostic potential research of specific urinary proteins (nephrin and different isoforms of adiponectin) are also presented.1 Ben Ameur R. et al Proteomic approaches for discovering biomarkers of diabetic nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 25, 2866-752 Ben Ameur R. et al Identification of early candidate biomarkers for diabetic nephropathy by urine proteomic analysis. To be submitted
52

Frequência alélica das mutações responsáveis pela Nefropatia Familiar (COL4A4:c.115A>T) e pela Atrofia Progressiva da Retina (PRCD:c.5G>A) em cães da raça Cocker Spaniel Inglês

Andrade, Larissa Rocha January 2019 (has links)
Orientador: José Paes de Oliveira Filho / Resumo: O estudo das doenças de origem genética em animais domésticos se torna cada vez mais relevante, sobretudo em cães, uma vez que estes animais podem servir como modelos experimentais para certas doenças em humanos. Além disso, o reconhecimento clínico de algumas destas enfermidades pode ser um entrave ao Médico Veterinário e em algumas ocasiões o teste genético que confirmaria a etiologia não está disponível no país. A Nefropatia Familiar (FN) causada pela mutação c.115A>T no gene colágeno tipo 4α4 (COL4A4), e a Atrofia Progressiva da Retina (prcd-PRA), causada pela mutação c.5G>A no gene da degeneração cone-bastonete progressiva (PRCD), se destacam entre as principais enfermidades hereditárias de origem genética que acometem cães da raça Cocker Spaniel Inglês (CSI). Até o momento a prevalência destas enfermidades nesta raça não havia sido verificada no Brasil, sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a frequência alélica destas mutações no CSI. Para tanto, foram genotipados 220 e 216 CSI para a prcd-PRA e FN, respectivamente. Fragmentos do DNA, contendo cada uma das mutações, foram amplificados por reação em cadeia da polimerase e submetidos ao sequenciamento gênico direto. A frequência alélica da mutação c.115A>T no gene COL4A4 foi de 0,9% e da mutaçao c.5G>A no gene PRCD foi de 25,5%. Tais valores enfatizam a importância da realização dos testes de genotipagem nos cães da raça CSI como método de diagnóstico precoce principalmente para a orientação dos acasalamentos v... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The study of genetic diseases in domestic animals has become more relevant, especially in dogs, once these animals can serve as experimental models in the study of some human genetic diseases. Besides, these diseases can be hard to recognize on their clinical signs by the practitioners, and the genetic tests that can confirm them are usually available only abroad. Familial Nephropathy (FN) due to the mutation c.115A> T in the 4α4 collagen gene (COL4A4), and Progressive Retinal Atrophy (prcd-PRA) due to the mutation c.5G> A in the progressive rod cone degeneration gene (PRCD), are important genetic diseases of English Cocker Spaniel dogs (ECS) dogs. Since the prevalence of these diseases wasn’t verified in Brazil so far, this study aims to evaluate the allelic frequencies of the mutations c.115A>T in the COL4A4 gene and c.5G>A in the PRCD gene in English Cocker Spaniel dogs. For that, purified DNA from blood samples or buccal swab from 220 and 216 ECS for prcd-PRA and FN, respectively. DNA fragments with the mutation region were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and submitted to direct genomic sequencing. The allelic frequency of the mutation c.115A>T in the COL4A4 gene was 0.9% and the c.5G>A in the PRCD gene was 25.5%. The results in this study emphasizes the importance to realize the genotyping test in ECS as an early diagnostic test, not only for trying an improvement of the affected dogs’ life quality but also for breeding orientation to avoid clinical cases of the d... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre
53

Efeito da terapia com células tronco mesenquimais na proteinúria de cães com doença renal crônica / Effect of mesenchymal stem cell therapy on the proteinuria of dogs with chronic kidney disease

Caragelasco, Douglas Segalla 19 December 2017 (has links)
A proteinúria de origem renal é um indicador de lesão e atua na progressão da doença renal crônica em cães. Na rotina clínica, várias são as recomendações em relação à terapia de manutenção, que visam minimizar ou retardar a progressão da doença. Com o recente progresso na pesquisa sobre a terapia com as células tronco mesenquimais (CTM), tem-se discutido sobre a possibilidade de minimização dos mecanismos inflamatórios e imunológicos de autoperpetuação da lesão renal com a sua utilização, assim a análise sequencial das proteínas urinárias por métodos qualitativos, tais como a eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida (SDS-PAGE) e a imunodetecção das proteínas por Western Blot pode trazer subsídios para esta avaliação. Portanto, como hipótese, suscita-se que a administração de CTM em cães com DRC possa trazer benefícios com o intuito de minimizar o desenvolvimento da proteinúria, contribuindo para o retardo na velocidade de progressão da doença renal. Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo, longitudinal e duplo-cego em que foram avaliados 22 cães com DRC, tratados com solução fisiológica (SF) ou CTM e avaliados a cada 30 a 45 dias em 12 momentos, divididos em grupos de acordo com o estágio da doença, grupo A (estágio 2, SF:n=6, CTM:n=3) e grupo B (estágio 3, SF:n=6, CTM:n=7). Observou-se que os cães do Grupo B apresentaram proteinúria mais intensa, maior porcentagem de proteínas de alto peso molecular, maior imunodetecção de albumina, proteínas ligadas ao retinol e a vitamina D e menor imunodetecção de proteína de Tamm-Horsfall ao longo do acompanhamento, quando comparado ao Grupo A. Os resultados obtidos nesse estudo não permitiram definir conclusões contundentes de que a terapia com a CTM tenha trazido alterações importantes que indicassem o seu benefício. Os dados sugerem que os cães nos estágios iniciais da DRC (estágio 2) poderiam ser os mais favorecidos com a referida terapia, entretanto mais estudos contemplando um número maior de animais, como o maior tempo de acompanhamento devem ser conduzidos para tal investigação. / Protein of renal origin is an indicator of injury and acts on the progression of chronic kidney disease in dogs. In the clinical routine, several recommendations regarding maintenance therapy are aimed at minimizing or delaying the progression of the disease. With the recent progress in the research on mesenchymal stem cell therapy (CTM), it has been discussed the possibility of minimizing the inflammatory and immunological mechanisms of self-perpetuation of the renal lesion with its use, thus the sequential analysis of the urinary proteins by qualitative methods such as polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and the immunodetection of proteins by Western blot can prove the efficacy of the therapy. Therefore, as hypothesis, it is suggested that the administration of CTM in dogs with CKD can fetch benefits in order to minimize the development of proteinuria, contributing to the delay in the rate of progression of renal disease. This is a prospective, longitudinal, double-blind study in which 22 dogs with CKD were treated with physiological solution (SF) or CTM and evaluated every 30 to 45 days in 12 moments divided into groups according to (stage 2, SF: n = 6, CTM: n = 3) and group B (stage 3, SF: n = 6, CTM: n = 7). Group B dogs were found to have more intense proteinuria, a higher percentage of high molecular weight proteins, greater albumin immunodetection as well as retinol-binding protein and vitamin D-binding protein, and decreased Tamm-Horsfall protein immunodetection throughout follow-up, when compared to Group A. The results obtained in this study did not allow to draw conclusive conclusions that CTM therapy brought important changes that indicated its benefit. The data suggest that dogs in the early stages of CKD (stage 2) could be the most favored with such therapy, however more studies contemplating a larger number of animals, such as longer follow-up, should be conducted for such investigation.
54

Expressão gênica de proteínas do podócito na urina de pacientes diabéticos normo, micro ou macroalbuminúricos e em pré diabeticos

Nascimento, Jonathan Fraportti do January 2012 (has links)
Introdução: A lesão do podócito exerce um papel crítico na nefropatia diabética (ND) e é um fator preditivo de albuminúria patológica e progressão da doença. Neste estudo foi avaliada a expressão gênica de proteínas associadas ao podócito na urina de pacientes diabéticos em diferentes estágios da ND e em indivíduos com pré diabetes. Material e Métodos: Foram estudados 67 pacientes diabéticos com normo (n=34), micro (n=14) ou macroalbuminúria (n=19), dezenove indivíduos pré diabéticos e 15 controles saudáveis. O RNAm de nefrina, podocina, podocalixina, sinaptopodina, Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel 6 (TRPC6), alfa actinina-4 e TGF1 foi quantificado por PCR em tempo real (2-ΔΔCt) em células do sedimento urinário. A expressão dos genes alvo do podócito foi correlacionada com albuminúria, controle glicêmico e função renal. O desempenho diagnóstico dos genes para albuminúria patológica foi determinado por curva ROC, e o seu efeito independente sobre esse desfecho foi avaliado por análise de regressão de Poisson. Resultados: O RNAm na urina dos genes alvo foi significativamente maior nos pacientes diabéticos em comparação aos não diabéticos, exceto de sinaptopodina e TGFβ1. A expressão de nefrina foi mais elevada nos indivíduos diabéticos micro e macroalbuminúricos comparado aos controles (p=0,04 e p<0,001 respectivamente), pré diabéticos (p<0,05) e normoalbuminúricos (p<0,05). Embora sua expressão tenha sido maior do que nos não diabéticos, os genes TRPC6, podocalixina e alfa actinina-4 não discriminaram os estágios da ND. A correlação da expressão dos genes com albuminúria e hemoglobina glicada foi estatisticamente significativa. Pacientes pré diabéticos tiveram expressão gênica semelhante aos controles. Na análise multivariada, apenas o gene da nefrina foi preditivo de albuminúria patológica. 6 Conclusões: A expressão das proteínas associadas ao podócito na urina foi maior nos pacientes diabéticos, mas não houve correlação direta do RNAm dos genes com níveis crescentes de albuminúria, exceto de nefrina. O gene da nefrina foi o único que discriminou os diferentes estágios da ND e foi preditivo de albuminúria patológica, mas a podocalixina e o TRPC6 também se correlacionaram com albuminúria e controle glicêmico. Neste estudo preliminar não se identificou aumento da expressão gênica das proteínas do podócito na urina em indivíduos com pré diabetes. / Introduction: Podocyte damage plays a critical role in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The present study evaluated gene expression of podocyte-associated proteins in urine of pre-diabetic and diabetic patients at different stages of DN. Material and Methods: We studied 19 pre-diabetic patients, 67 diabetic patients with normo (n = 34), micro (n = 15), or macroalbuminuria (n = 19), and 15 healthy controls. Levels of mRNA of nephrin, podocin, podocalyxin, synaptopodin, transient receptor potential cation channel 6 (TRPC6), alpha-actinin-4, and TGF-1 were quantitatively measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction in urinary sediment. Gene expression was correlated with albuminuria, glycemic control, and renal function. The diagnostic performance of the genes for detecting pathological albuminuria was assessed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Poisson regression. Results: The mRNA expression of target genes in urinary sediment was significantly higher in diabetic compared to pre-diabetic patients and controls. Levels of nephrin were higher in diabetic patients with micro or macroalbuminuria than controls (p= 0.04 and p<0.001, respectively), pre-diabetic (p<0.05), and diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria (p<0.05), and increased with increasing rates of albuminuria. Gene expression was similar in pre-diabetic patients and controls. There was a significant positive correlation of gene expression with albuminuria and glycated hemoglobin. In the multivariate analysis, only nephrinuria predicted pathological albuminuria. Conclusions: The expression of podocyte-associated proteins in urine was higher in diabetic patients, but only nephrin correlated with increasing albuminuria and predicted 8 pathological albuminuria. This preliminary study did not find increased gene transcription in pre-diabetic patients.
55

Prevenção da nefrotoxicidade por contraste em pacientes oncológicos: comparação de hidratação com solução a base de cloreto de sódio e bicarbonato de sódio / Prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy in oncology patients. Hydration with 0.9% sodium chloride compared to sodium bicarbonate

Silva, Ricardo Gonçalves da 29 September 2009 (has links)
A incidência da nefropatia por contraste tem aumentado simultaneamente ao aumento da utilização do uso de métodos radiológicos com fins diagnósticos e de intervenção terapêutica. Infelizmente, parcela significante dos profissionais da área da saúde desconhece a sua existência e mesmo aqueles que a identificam, algumas vezes, desconhecem os fatores de risco associados ao seu desenvolvimento. A incidência da nefropatia por contraste na população geral é baixa, porém se levarmos em conta os pacientes com fatores de risco como diabetes e doença renal prévia, esta incidência aumenta exponencialmente. Várias estratégias tem sido utilizadas na tentativa de minimizar os efeitos da nefropatia por contraste sobre os indivíduos expostos ao seu uso. Entre elas, citamos o uso de drogas vasodilatadoras, de bloqueadores dos canais de cálcio, de antioxidantes, de solução fisiológica a 0,9% e a 0,45%, de solução de bicarbonato de sódio a 1,3%, do uso de contraste de baixa osmolalidade e mesmo de contrates iso-osmolares. As estratégias que tem sido descritas como mais eficazes são a hidratação com solução fisiológica (0,9% ou 0,45%), uso de contraste de baixa osmolalidade ou isoosmolar e a infusão de bicarbonato de sódio. A N-acetilcisteína, que é uma substância antioxidante, apresentou efeito positivo nos primeiros trabalhos publicados, mas trabalhos posteriores e meta-análises mostraram inconsistência neste efeito de prevenção. O objetivo deste trabalho é revisar a literatura pertinente sobre prevenção de nefropatia do contraste e estudar, de forma inicial, a eficácia da hidratação a base de bicarbonato de sódio a 1,3% comparada à hidratação a base de cloreto de sódio a 0.9% na prevenção da nefrotoxicidade do contraste em pacientes de alto risco para o seu desenvolvimento. Para tanto, foram randomizados um total de 27 pacientes, sendo 48% do grupo bicarbonato. Todos os pacientes eram portadores de diabetes mellitus e/ou doença renal crônica prévia e diagnosticados com algum tipo de câncer. Nenhum dos 27 pacientes desenvolveu nefropatia do contraste, caracterizada como aumento de 0,5 mg/dL na creatinina basal e/ou aumento de 25% no valor da creatinina. A revisão de literatura sugere fortemente que o uso de bicarbonato de sódio é eficaz na prevenção de nefropatia por contraste. Em relação ao estudo randomizado e controlado que foi efetuado, o pequeno número de indivíduos incluídos não permite a obtenção de conclusões definitivas. No entanto, nos pacientes estudados, o bicarbonato de sódio foi tão eficaz quanto à hidratação a base de solução fisiológica na prevenção da nefropatia por contraste. / The incidence of contrast nephropathy has increased simultaneously to the augment of the use of diagnostic and interventional imaging procedures. Unfortunately, a large number of physicians do not know its existence and even when so do, sometimes do not do not know the risk factors associated to its development. The incidence of contrast nephropathy in the general population is low, but, if we consider only the patients with risk factors such as diabetes and chronic kidney disease, this incidence increases largely. Several strategies have been used in order to prevent contrast nephropathy. Among them, we include the use of vasodilators, calcium channel blockers, antioxidants, saline (0.9 or 0.45%), bicarbonate, low or iso osmolar iodinate contrast. The strategies that have proved better efficacy are saline hydration (0.9 or 0.45%), use of low or iso osmolar contrast and bicarbonate. N-acetylcysteine (an antioxidant agent), despite of the positive results obtained in the first trials, did not demonstrate the same efficacy subsequently. The aim of the current study was to review the pertinent literature and to assess the efficacy of sodium bicarbonate compared to saline in order to prevent contrast nephropathy. There were randomized 27 patients, 48% allocated in the bicarbonate group. All the patients were diabetic and/or had chronic kidney disease, and were diagnosed with some kind of cancer. No one of 27 patients developed contrast nephropathy (increase of 0.5 mg/dL in the baseline creatinine and/or a relative increase of 25% in baseline creatinine). The literature review strongly suggested that sodium bicarbonate use is valuable in then prevention of contrast nephropathy. In reference to the randomized study the small number of included patients did not allow that conclusive conclusions were obtained. However, in the group studied sodium bicarbonate demonstrated the same efficacy than saline in the prevention of contrast nephropathy.
56

Efeitos da angiotensina II e endotelina 1 na injúria renal decorrente da nefropatia diabética recente. / Effects of angiotensin II and endothelin 1 on renal injury due to recent diabetic nephropathy.

Fontenele, Flávia Ferreira 16 October 2017 (has links)
A hiperglicemia é um fator de risco na progressão da ND, que associada à atividade do SRA sistêmico e/ou intrarrenal e à síntese de ET1, resulta em perda da função renal. Objetivo: Investigar o papel da hiperglicemia e a relação com a síntese de Ang II e ET-1 no tecido renal no início da ND. Métodos: Ratos Wistar foram organizados em controle; diabéticos via STZ; tratados com losartan e outros com BQ123. Foram avaliados os parâmetros metabólicos e de função renal. Resultados: O losartan preveniu o efeito da STZ na expressão de renina medular, injúria tubular, expressão de desmina e de RNAm para TNF&#945; e Nox4. O BQ123 não alterou o efeito da STZ em nenhum dos parâmetros estudados. Conclusão: A hiperglicemia tem predominância na injúria renal nos primeiros estágios da ND. Nessa condição, a Ang II sistêmica e/ou intrarrenal via receptor AT1 amplia os efeitos da hiperglicemia nos eventos iniciais da ND. / Hyperglycemia and a risk factor in the progression of ND, which associated with the RAS activity of systemic and/or intrarrenal and the synthesis of ET-1, results in loss of renal function. Aim: To investigate the role of hyperglycemia and a relationship with a synthesis of Ang II and ET-1 in the renal tissue at the beginning of DN. Methods: Wistar rats were organized in control; Diabetics via STZ; Treated with losartan and others with BQ123. Metabolic and renal function parameters were evaluated. Results: Losartan prevented the effect of STZ on the expression of medullary renin, tubular injury, desmin and mRNA expression for TNF&#945; and Nox4. BQ123 did not alter the STZ effect in any of the parameters studied. Conclusion: Hyperglycemia has a predominance of renal injury in the early stages of ND. In this condition, Ang II systemic and/or intrarenal via the AT1 receptor amplifies the effects of hyperglycemia in the initial events of ND.
57

Doença periodontal e glomerulonefrite em cães / Periodontal disease and glomerulonephritis in dogs

Meneses, Thaís Domingos 15 October 2013 (has links)
Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2014-10-14T17:05:51Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Thaís Domingos Meneses - 2013.pdf: 1894235 bytes, checksum: 41d8ee83924f2c998abe4f713c7f8f16 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-10-16T18:46:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Thaís Domingos Meneses - 2013.pdf: 1894235 bytes, checksum: 41d8ee83924f2c998abe4f713c7f8f16 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-16T18:46:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Thaís Domingos Meneses - 2013.pdf: 1894235 bytes, checksum: 41d8ee83924f2c998abe4f713c7f8f16 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-15 / Studies have shown that periodontal disease affects approximately 85 % of dogs older than three years of age, being responsible for inflammation and destruction of the tooth supporting tissues. This study aimed at evaluating the relationship between periodontal disease and glomerulonephritis in dogs. We evaluated and classified 61 dogs with periodontal disease into groups according to the severity of the case. Clinical evaluation consisted of complete blood count, serum biochemistry (urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, cholesterol and phosphorus), blood pressure measurement, urinalysis and urinary biochemistry (GGT, ALP, protein and creatinine), and determination of urine protein:creatinine ratio. Of the 14 dogs with glomerulonephritis compatible alterations at the first exam, nine were submitted to a second laboratory evaluation, after periodontal treatment, in order to verify if they continued with persistent proteinuria associated with inactive urinary sediment. Of these, eight dogs continued to show abnormalities suggestive of glomerulonephritis, even after periodontal treatment. The diagnostic tools used in this study allowed to identify and characterize both glomerulonephritis secondary to periodontal disease, establishing a relationship between them and tubular damage and urinary tract infections that occur concurrently with periodontal disease. These findings help to establish the use of early markers of kidney injury in clinical laboratory tests, in order to prevent the process evolution, promoting animal welfare and contributing to increase longevity of dogs. / Estudos mostram que a doença periodontal acomete cerca de 85% de cães acima dos três anos de idade, sendo responsável pela inflamação e destruição dos tecidos de sustentação do dente. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a relação existente entre a doença periodontal e a glomerulonefrite em cães. Sessenta e um cães com doença periodontal foram avaliados e classificados em grupos, conforme a gravidade, além da avaliação clínica foram realizados hemograma, bioquímica sérica (ureia, creatinina, proteínas totais, albumina, colesterol e fósforo), mensuração da pressão arterial, urinálise e bioquímica urinária (GGT, ALP, proteína e creatinina), com determinação da razão proteína:creatinina urinária. Dos 14 cães com alterações compatíveis para glomerulonefrite neste primeiro exame, após o tratamento periodontal, nove deles foram submetidos a uma segunda avaliação laboratorial, com o intuito de verificar se continuavam com a proteinúria persistente associado ao sedimento urinário inativo. Destes, oito cães continuaram apresentando alteração sugestiva de glomerulonefrite, mesmo após a realização do tratamento periodontal. As ferramentas de diagnóstico utilizadas em conjunto neste estudo permitiram identificar e caracterizar a glomerulonefrite secundária à doença periodontal, estabelecendo uma relação entre elas, além dos danos tubulares e infecções do trato urinário que ocorrem concomitantemente à doença periodontal. Esse conhecimento auxilia na instituição do uso de marcadores precoces de lesão renal na prática clínica de exames laboratoriais, com a finalidade de impedir a evolução do processo, promovendo bem-estar animal e contribuindo para o aumentando da longevidade dos cães.
58

Avalia??o cl?nica e laboratorial do tratamento com lactulose de c?es com doen?a renal cr?nica / Clinical and laboratorial evaluation of the treatment with lactulosis of dogs with chronic kidney disease

PEREIRA, Juliana de Abreu 27 April 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-03-15T19:04:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Juliana de Abreu Pereira.pdf: 2216195 bytes, checksum: 788fd1f8f4db4f3012004d0eec09d439 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-15T19:04:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Juliana de Abreu Pereira.pdf: 2216195 bytes, checksum: 788fd1f8f4db4f3012004d0eec09d439 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-27 / CAPES / Prebiotics, such as lactulosis, may favor the switch on the fermentative pattern of the colonic microbiota from proteolytic to saccharolytic, which allows bigger assimilation of nitrogenous compounds by the microrganisms of the colon. The present study aimed to evaluate, in dogs with CKD, the effect of the continued orally use of lactulosis over the nitrogenous compounds metabolisms?, the iron metabolism and on serum levels of albumin, magnesium, calcium and phosphorus. Twenty-one animals with CKD in IRIS II and III stages, under normal handling and feeding, were clinically and laboratorially evaluated by a 28 days period; divided in three groups according to treatment: T1 ? lactulosis + therapeutic diet, T2 ? lactulosis + standard treatment + therapeutic diet, T3 ? standard treatment + therapeutic diet . For the three groups (T1, T2 and T3), clinical parameters indicated anaemia and body score from regular to bad, according to the disease?s degree, during the hole treatment. The haematological and biochemical?s averages are consistent with common laboratorial findings in nephrophatic patients, with high levels of urea and creatinine; and low leves of haematocrit. For all the evaluated parameters in this study, the averages? variations during the period didn?t show any significant difference between times and treatments, with the exception of the calcemia averages that were greater for T1 group; which may indicate that for this animals? group the monotherapy with lactulosis could have increased the absorption of this mineral in those patients. With regard to iron metabolism, this study?s data revealed that the anaemia found in the dogs throughout the experimental period presented chronicity features, since the groups? means remained within the iron and transferrin references, besides high ferritin averages, without significant differences between groups and moments. The obtained data allowed to conclude that there was no difference between the proposed treatments in relation to clinical state and the biochemical and mineral profiles, such as iron metabolism; which justifies that the action mechanisms of prebiotics in nephrophatic patients should be evaluated with more details. / Prebi?ticos, como a lactulose, podem favorecer a altera??o do padr?o fermentativo da microbiota col?nica de proteol?tico para sacarol?tico; o que possibilita maior assimila??o de compostos nitrogenados pelos microrganismos do c?lon. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar, em c?es com DRC, o efeito da utiliza??o continuada de lactulose por via oral, sobre o metabolismo de compostos nitrogenados; o metabolismo do ferro, e sobre as concentra??es s?ricas de albumina, magn?sio, c?lcio e f?sforo. Vinte e um animais portadores de DRC em est?gios IRIS II e III, com manejo e alimenta??o normais, foram avaliados clinicamente e laboratorialmente por um per?odo de 28 dias; divididos em tr?s grupos conforme o tratamento: T1 ? lactulose + ra??o terap?utica, T2 ? lactulose + tratamento convencional + ra??o terap?utica, T3 ? tratamento convencional + ra??o terap?utica. Para os tr?s grupos (T1, T2 e T3), os par?metros cl?nicos foram indicativos de anemia e escore corporal de regular a ruim, de acordo com o grau da enfermidade, ao longo de todo tratamento. As m?dias dos par?metros hematol?gicos e bioqu?micos s?o condizentes com achados laboratoriais comuns em nefropatas; com elevados valores de ureia e creatinina e valores decrescidos de hemat?crito. Para todos os par?metros as varia??es durante o per?odo n?o apresentaram diferen?a significativa entre os tempos e tratamentos, ? exce??o das m?dias de calcemia que foram maiores para o grupo T1; o que pode indicar que para os animais deste grupo a monoterapia com lactulose pode ter aumentado a absor??o deste mineral. Com rela??o ao metabolismo de ferro, os dados revelaram que a anemia encontrada nos c?es em todo o per?odo experimental apresentou caracter?sticas de cronicidade, uma vez que as m?dias dos grupos permaneceram dentro dos intervalos de refer?ncia para ferro e transferrina; al?m de m?dias elevadas de ferritina, sem diferen?as significativas entre grupos e momentos. Os dados obtidos permitiram concluir que n?o houve diferen?a entre os tratamentos propostos com rela??o ao estado cl?nico e aos perfis bioqu?micos e minerais, bem como ao metabolismo de ferro; o que justifica que os mecanismos de a??o dos prebi?ticos em nefropatas devem ser avaliados com maiores detalhes.
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IgA et rein : destructrice ou protectrice ? : Rôles de l'immunoglobuline A (IgA) dans deux pathologies rénales / IgA and kidney : Role of immunoglobulin A (IgA) on two renal pathologies

Wehbe, Batoul 15 October 2018 (has links)
L’immunoglobuline A (IgA) est l’immunoglobuline la plus abondamment synthétisée chez les mammifères. Ses propriétés ambivalentes l’impliquent non seulement dans des fonctions de protection contre les agents pathogènes mais aussi dans des phénomènes de tolérance immunitaire vis-à-vis des germes commensaux du microbiote. Toutefois, les IgA peuvent développer des propriétés pathogènes. Dans la première partie de mon travail de thèse, nous avons étudié les effets pathogènes de l’IgA. Les dépôts d’IgA sur le mésangium sont la caractéristique de l’IgAN. La physiopathologie de cette maladie est mal connue. L’hypothèse d’un défaut de glycosylation de l’IgA est souvent retenue ; ce défaut peut être la cause de sa polymérisation et de son antigénicité, il peut aussi favoriser le clivage du récepteur CD89. Nous avons analysé l’effet du défaut d’affinité de la région variable des IgA, de la substitution de la chaîne légère ainsi que de l’association des IgA à leur récepteur, le CD89 sur l’induction des lésions et le dysfonctionnement rénal chez quatre modèles murins différents générés au laboratoire et suivis pendant 12 mois. Nous avons également étudié les propriétés physico-chimiques des IgA de 28 patients ayant une dysglobulinémie et de 28 IgA produites par des hybridomes ; la relation entre ces propriétés et la capacité des IgA à se déposer a été observée. Dans une seconde partie, nous avons étudié l’aspect immunomodulateur et les propriétés antiinflammatoires conférées par l’IgA humaine surexprimée chez un modèle murin de lupus systémique (souris MRL/lpr). Dans la dernière partie du travail, nous avons contribué à la caractérisation d’un modèle de souris transgénique exprimant l’IgA de classe 2 et à l’étude de l’effet de signalisation médiée par cette IgA2 sur le développement des populations lymphocytaires. L’ensemble de ces travaux a montré l’effet pathogène des IgA naturelles ayant une faible affinité sur le développement de la néphropathie à IgA ; ainsi les analyses des IgA des patients et des hybridomes montrent que c’est la stabilité moléculaire de préférence au profil de glycosylation qui joue un rôle crucial dans leur capacité de dépôt. L’expression des IgA humaines chez les souris lupiques a considérablement prolongé leur durée de vie et a ralenti la survenue de l’auto-immunité et de l’atteinte rénale ce qui témoigne du rôle anti-inflammatoire des IgA. L’étude du modèle murin exprimant l’IgA2 humaine a montré que la signalisation via l’IgA2 joue un rôle inhibiteur sur le développement précoce de certaines sous-populations de cellules B. L’ensemble de ces résultats montrent la multitude d’effets de l’IgA lui permettant d’intervenir d’une part dans la pathogenèse d’une maladie complexe (l’IgAN) et d’autre part dans la protection de l’auto-immunité, témoignant de la complexité des interactions mises en jeu et du caractère régulateur de cette immunoglobuline. / Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most synthetized immunoglobulin in mammals. IgA has ambivalent properties: it is implicated in the mechanisms of defense against pathogens but also in the immune tolerance of commensal microbiota. However, IgA can develop pathogenic properties. In the first part of my thesis, we studied the pathogenic effects of IgA. IgA deposits are the main characteristic of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). IgAN physiopathology is not yet clearly understood. The hypothesis of a glycosylation defect is strongly adapted. This defect can be due to IgA polymerization or antigenicity. It can also induce shedding of CD89 (IgA Fc receptor) or other factors. We studied the effect of variable region altered affinity, the light chain substitution and the association of IgA with CD89 on the development of kidney lesions and impairment of kidney function in four mouse models followed up during 12 months. In addition, we studied the physico-chemical properties of 28 IgA purified from patients with dysglobulinaemia and 28 chimeric IgA produced by hybridomas. The effect of these properties on the propensity of IgA for mesangial deposition was explored. In the second part, we studied the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties conferred by the overexpression of human IgA in a mouse model with systemic lupus (MRL/lpr model). In the last part, we contributed to the characterization of a transgenic mouse model producing IgA class 2 and to the study of the effect of IgA2-mediated signaling on B lymphocyte development. Altogether, obtained results show the pathogenic effect of low affinity-IgA on the development of IgA nephropathy. In addition, different analyses showed that molecular stability but not glycosylation profile is the determining factor for IgA deposition. On the other hand, IgA expression in lupus-prone mice extended their survival, delayed the onset of auto-immunity and ameliorated kidney functions in these animals which supports IgA anti-inflammatory properties. The study of IgA2-mediated signaling in the transgenic model showed the inhibitory effect of IgA2 on the early development of several B cell sub-populations. All of these results show the multiple effects of IgA which contribute on one hand to the pathogenesis of a complex disease (IgAN) and on the other hand to protection from autoimmunity, demonstrating the complexity of interactions and the regulatory character of this immunoglobulin.
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Novel Approaches to Treatment and Prevention of Diabetic Nephropathy

Nordquist, Lina January 2007 (has links)
<p>Several studies have reported beneficial effects of C-peptide supplementation in diabetic patients and animal models of insulinopenic diabetes. However, it is also established that good glycemic control is essential to minimize the risk of diabetes-induced complications. This thesis investigates potential mechanisms for the beneficial effect of C-peptide on glomerular hyperfiltration, and a novel, painless route of insulin administration.</p><p>The results demonstrate that both C-peptide and its C-terminal penta-peptide sequence reduce the diabetes-induced glomerular hyperfiltration within an hour. The results also indicate that C-peptide possibly reduces diabetes-induced hyperfiltration via three different mechanisms: 1. Constriction of the afferent arteriole was demonstrated on isolated vessels from diabetic mice. 2. A net dilation of the efferent arteriole was evident <i>in vivo</i>. 3. Inhibition of the Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase was demonstrated <i>in vivo</i> in diabetic rats as well as <i>in vitro</i> on isolated proximal tubular cells from diabetic rats. All these mechanisms are known regulators of the net glomerular filtration pressure.</p><p>The last part of this thesis demonstrates that intradermal administration with a newly developed patch-like microneedle device results in similar insulin concentration compared to standard subcutaneous delivery. </p><p>These findings provide an insight for the beneficial effects of C-peptide on diabetic kidney function, and shows that this effect can be achieved by infusion of the C-terminal penta-peptide sequence alone. This thesis also presents a novel, painless alternative to insulin injections that is controllable, requires minimal training, and therefore presents several advantages compared to current standard therapy.</p>

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