Today, commercial industry spends huge amount of resources in advertisement campaigns, new marketing strategies, and promotional deals to introduce their product to public and attract a large number of customers. These massive investments by a company are worthwhile because marketing tactics greatly influence the consumer behavior. Alternatively, these advertising campaigns have a discernible impact on recommendation systems which tend to promote popular items by ranking them at the top, resulting in biased and unfair decision making and loss of customers’ trust. The biasing impact of popularity of items on recommendations, however, is not fixed, and varies with time. Therefore, it is important to build a bias-aware recommendation system that can rank or predict items based on their true merit at given time frame. This thesis proposes a framework that can model the temporal bias of individual items defined by their characteristic contents, and provides a simple process for bias correction. Bias correction is done either by cleaning the bias from historical training data that is used for building predictive model, or by ignoring the estimated bias from the predictions of a standard predictor. Evaluated on two real world datasets, NetFlix and MovieLens, our framework is shown to be able to estimate and remove the bias as a result of adopted marketing techniques from the predicted popularity of items at a given time.

Die Zahl der Kinobesuche hat im letzten Jahr (2018) wieder einmal einen neuen Minusrekord erreicht. In den letzten 20 Jahren ist die Zahl der Kinobesuche von 149 Millionen (1998) auf nur noch 105 Millionen gesunken. Verliert das Kino sein Publikum? Nun war 2018 mit seinem langen heißen Sommer vielleicht ein besonders schlechtes Kinojahr, aber auch die etwa 120 bis 130 Millionen in den Vorjahren waren – zumal bei fallender Tendenz – ein deutliches Warnsignal. Die Kinobranche ist nicht zuletzt auch wegen der Konkurrenz aus dem Internet entsprechend besorgt: Netflix ante portas. Diese Ausgabe von Medienwelten betrachtet die Kinokrise und ihre Auswirkungen in einem etwas weiter gefassten Rahmen.

Thesis advisor: Christina Klein / With the recent rise in popularity of Korean media, more audiences than ever before have been exposed to portrayals of Korean women. Most female protagonists in Korean dramas adhere to Confucian gender norms: they are primarily concerned with romance and fail to drive their own narratives. This paper analyzes feminist characters who instead bend or expand conservative gender conventions in order to normalize different lifestyles for all women. In seeking out progressive portrayals, this paper focuses specifically on depictions of unmarried, elderly, and lesbian women in Korean entertainment. By honing in on women who do not fit the mold of traditional or acceptable femininity, this paper argues for more realistic representations of women in modern Korean society. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2022. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Departmental Honors. / Discipline: English.

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The following master thesis analyzes to which extent streaming services in particularNetflix influence the German television landscape and how this discourse is covered inGerman newspapers.The work shows that online streaming services with their non-linear content have animpact on German television. The theoretical base of the work is the critical discourseanalysis by the German linguist Siegfried Jäger. His work analyzes relevant socialdiscourses with its own method based on the theory of the French philosopher MichelFoucault. The present thesis refers to Netflix as a streaming service and analyzes theaspect of how it influences the television landscape since its introduction on the Germanmarket in 2014. For deeper understanding before conducting the critical discourse aninitial analysis of the German television market is presented. The base of the analysisare newspaper articles. Furthermore, the relevant aspects of the publishing landscape inGermany are introduced to provide the reader with relevant background knowledge.Moreover, the thesis contains an analysis of newspaper articles from three leadingnewspapers in Germany: Süddeutsche Zeitung, BILD Zeitung and taz, die tageszeitung(following referred to as taz). 15 representative articles were chosen and afterwardsanalyzed with the method of critical discourse analysis. The results of all threenewspapers on the Netflix discourse are compared to each other. In conclusion, thework shows that the influence of streaming services, especially Netflix on Germantelevision is stronger then expected. And even if television is still seen as the leadingmedium in Germany, public as well as private broadcasters have to be aware of the newcompetitor on the market and adapt to constant changes especially in the online segment.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-07-31T16:07:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Kélliana Braghini_.pdf: 12151845 bytes, checksum: a742be6f1bd6307d2fced12607a8e8bf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-31T16:07:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kélliana Braghini_.pdf: 12151845 bytes, checksum: a742be6f1bd6307d2fced12607a8e8bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-09 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A presente pesquisa visou compreender como a Netflix se atualiza na internet através de suas audiovisualidades. As audiovisualidades da Netflix são pensadas nesta pesquisa partir da intuição Bergsoniana (BERGSON, 2005; DELEUZE, 2004) como virtualidade em devir na memória, potencialmente atualizável em qualquer tempo e em qualquer materialidade. Intuímos a duração da Netflix, ou seja, sua existência enquanto um múltiplo de múltiplos, e a partir da metodologia das molduras (KILPP, 2003; 2010), e como parte dela, as flâneries cartográficas (BENJAMIN, 2006), procuramos compreender como ela se atualiza na internet. Nosso percurso de pesquisa, que passou por muitas idas e vindas empíricas e teórico-metodológicas, nos levou a construção de três constelações, que dão a ver três modos de agir das audiovisualidades da Netflix. São elas: “Moldurações da Netflix na Plataforma”; “Moldurações da Netflix nos sites de redes sociais” e “Moldurações da Netflix dispersas na internet”. A partir da montagem operada no interior das constelações, pudemos ver surgir, como imagem dialética, a principal forma de atualização da Netflix na internet, que condensa os três modos e suas molduras, moldurações e emolduramentos: um fluxo de dados montado espacial-temporalmente na experiência audiovisual do usuário. / This research aimed to understand how Netflix are updated on the internet through its audiovisualities. The Netflix audiovisualities are thought of in this research from the Bergsonian intuition (BERGSON, 2005; DELEUZE, 2004) as virtuality in becoming in memory, potentially updateable in any time and in any materiality. In this dissertation, we have analyzed Netflix's duration, that is, its existence as a multiple of multiples, and from the frame methodology (KILPP, 2003; 2010), and as part of it, the cartographic flâneries (BENJAMIN, 2006) is updated on the internet. Our research course, which has gone through many empirical and theoretical-methodological comings and goings, led us to the construction of three constellations, which show three ways of acting of the Netflix’s audiovisualities. These are: “Netflix’s framing on the Platform”; “Netflix’s framing on Social Networking Websites” and “Netflix’s framing dispersed on the internet”. As a result of the montage operated inside the constellations, we could see, as a dialectical image, the main form of updating of Netflix’s on the internet, which condenses the three modes and their frames: a spatially-temporally mounted data stream in the user audiovisual experience.

Sedan TV-apparaten uppfanns har man varit begränsad till linjär-Tv, både när det gäller utbud och antal avsnitt. Antalet kanaler har ökat och därigenom även antalet program användaren kan kolla på. Men tittandet sker fortfarande på en och samma stationära TV. Med utvecklingen av Video on Demand-tjänster (VoD) kom möjligheten att titta på serier var man vill och hur man vill. Detta nya medium utvecklade nya tittarmönster. Ett av dessa är binge-watching som inte så många har hört talas om men som många har en stor koppling till. Begreppet innebär att konsumenten ägnar sig åt att sträcktitta på en TV-serie. De flesta digitala tjänster försöker fokusera på att behålla publiken en längre tid framför skärmen för att tjäna mer pengar och därför utvecklar de plattformar med funktioner som uppmuntrar till binge-watching. Det är av intresse för hela samhället att förstå varför vi blir övertalade att titta längre på serier för att kunna förstå sina tittarbeteende och därigenom kontrollera dem. Syftet med vår studie är att undersöka vilka faktorer som uppmuntrar mest till binge-watching. För att svara på vår frågeställning ska vi också svara på arbetsfrågorna: “Vilka faktorer hos Netflix och Viaplay uppmuntrar mest till binge-watching?” och “Vilka externa faktorer uppmuntrar till binge-watching?” För att få svar på de frågorna har 17 medieteknikstudenter från KTH dagligen under en hel vecka fått svara på en logg angående sina tittarvanor. Vi har också genomfört semistrukturerade intervjuer för att kunna fördjupa oss i deras användning av VoD-tjänster. Vårt arbete gav bra och användbara resultat med hjälp av de kvalitativa - och kvantitativa metoder vi skapade. De kan användas i en framtida undersökning om tv-tittande för att nå en publik som binge-watchar och därigenom utveckla studien. Resultatet visade att den automatiska uppspelningsfunktionen påverkar tittarna till att fortsätta titta vidare på en serie där bara 5 av användarna kunde motstå funktionen. Vi kom också fram till att tittarmiljön och valet av elektronisk enhet bidrog till ett ökat maratontittande. Mer än hälften av deltagarna föredrog att titta på serier på en större skärm. Många av dem erkände att TV och en skön soffa eller säng uppmuntrar till binge-watching. Undersökningen visade också att det inte bara är tekniska funktioner som uppmuntrar till binge-watching utan också tiden som användaren kan ägna åt deras tittande samt orsaken till tittandet. Studien visade att många funktioner hos båda VoD-tjänsterna liknar varandra. Den största skillnaden var att i Viaplay är det möjligt att pausa den automatiska uppspelningsfunktionen medan Netflix kan man inte pausa nedräkningen. Ingen av våra deltagare kände till den möjligheten hos Viaplay och därför kunde vi inte dra några slutsatser kring huruvida denna skillnad mellan tjänsterna uppmuntrar till binge-watching. / Since television was invented one has been limited to linear television, both in terms of programs and the number of episodes. The number of channels has since then increased as has the number of available programs. But the watching still takes place on the same TV-set. With the introduction of the Video on Demand services (VoD) one got the opportunity to watch TV series wherever and wherever one wants. This has triggered new viewing patterns. One is binge-watching, a concept that many are unfamiliar with, even though many actually watch TV in that way. The term means that the consumer watch several episodes of a TV series at a time. Most digital services try, due to financial reasons, to extend the time the viewers spend at the TV, and therefore they develop platforms with features that encourage binge-watching. It is in the interest of the whole community to understand why and how we are persuaded to look longer on series in order to understand our viewing behavior and thereby stay in control. The purpose of our study is to investigate what factors that encourage the most to binge-watching. To answer this we also choose to look into: "What factors in Netflix and Viaplay encourage binge-watching the most?" and "Which external factors encourage binge-watching?". To find answers we took help from 17 media technology students at KTH that daily during a week was asked to logg their viewing habits. We have also conducted semistructured interviews with them to get in-depth knowledge of their use of VoD-services. Our work provides interesting and useful results based on the qualitative and quantitative methods we used, and is a good foundation for future studies of television viewing aimed at better understand the binge-watching phenomena. Our study shows that the autoplay function encourage viewers to continue to watch series. Only five of our study participants could resist this feature. We also conclude that the comfort-level of the viewing environment and the choice of electronic viewing device influence the tendency to marathon view. More than half of our study participants prefer to watch series on a larger screen. Many of them acknowledged that a TV-sized screen and a comfortable couch or bed encouraged binge-watching. Not only technical features encourage binge-watching. Also the time the user can devote to their viewing and the reason for viewing influence it. The study showed that many features in both the studied VoD-services are very similar. The biggest difference between them is that it in Viaplay is possible to pause the autoplay function while you can not do this in Netflix. But none of our participants knew that Viaplay had this feature and we could therefore not draw any conclusions as to whether this difference affected the binge-watching or not.

Submitted by Marcela Rodrigues do Amaral (marcela.rodrigues.amaral@gmail.com) on 2016-12-15T17:32:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 O valor do Netflix para o consumidor brasileiro.pdf: 1259452 bytes, checksum: 4adf07af41b90d1afdbbd121db282c99 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2016-12-21T18:40:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 O valor do Netflix para o consumidor brasileiro.pdf: 1259452 bytes, checksum: 4adf07af41b90d1afdbbd121db282c99 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-04T17:13:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 O valor do Netflix para o consumidor brasileiro.pdf: 1259452 bytes, checksum: 4adf07af41b90d1afdbbd121db282c99 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-16 / The increase of internet penetration and mobility enabled the appearance of new players that offer online media subscription. Today Netflix is the largest of these players, with 87 subscribers around the world. The on demand model is already a reality for some Brazilian consumers. The option to customize the use of such platform changes the experience of the consumer, as it is possible to shape the users viewing experience to reflect their personal preferences and time availability. The objective of this dissertation is to understand the value that Netflix offers to the Brazilian consumer. To achieve this objective, other´s authors hypothesis were verified and new hypothesis were drawn. The conclusions were based on the answers of 225 responses to an online questionnaire, as well as some interviews. Among the main conclusions, we highlight three points. The first is that the greatest value for the consumers consisted in having the option to use the platform wherever and whenever they wished. The second point regards the kind of content offered: the international content was the highlight for being the most watched, while consumers indicated that the sports and news content was in short supply. The third point was a suggestion for a possible improvement to the product. The answers indicate that consumers would also like to have the ability to use the platform while offline. This point was indicated mainly because of the poor internet service in Brazil, which could momentarily block the access to online streaming services. / O aumento da penetração da internet e da mobilidade possibilitou o surgimento de novos players na distribuição de vídeo por assinatura. Atualmente, o maior deles é o Netflix, com 87 milhões de assinantes no mundo. O modelo sob demanda já é uma realidade para alguns brasileiros e muda a experiência do usuário na medida em que cada um elabora sua própria programação com base nos seus gostos pessoais, sua disponibilidade de tempo e preferências sobre o dispositivo que será utilizado para tal finalidade. Este trabalho teve como objetivo compreender o que é valor para o consumidor do Netflix no Brasil. Para isso, foram verificadas hipóteses que outros autores já apontaram como valor para consumidores do Netflix e novos pontos foram levantados. As conclusões foram baseadas nas 225 respostas de um questionário online e em algumas entrevistas presenciais. Dentre as principais conclusões podemos destacar três pontos. O primeiro é que a característica com maior valor para os consumidores foi a liberdade de poder assistir quando e onde quiserem. O segundo foi em relação ao tipo de conteúdo ofertado e consumido: o conteúdo internacional se destacou como o mais assistido e consumidores indicaram uma lacuna de conteúdo esportivo e jornalístico no serviço. O terceiro foi uma sugestão de melhoria no produto que está relacionado com a possibilidade de assistir offline. Esse ponto foi levantado por diversos participantes da pesquisa, que indicaram que a conexão precária da internet no Brasil poderia impedir o acesso em alguns momentos.

Streaming services have had a significant gain in popularity over the last decade, with an increasing number of subscribers. Along with digitalization, more households seek accessible entertainment that allows them to choose the type of content they wish to watch. However, as streaming services have grown in popularity, the content library of those services has been increasing, leaving users overwhelmed when deciding what to watch next. A recommendation system is used by the majority of streaming providers to assist its customers find appropriate material to watch. This recommendation system suggests suitable material based on the user's collected data. However, the recommendation systems suggestions are not always perceived to be relevant. The purpose of this thesis is to identify potential perceived problems with the recommendation systems and their causes. This was accomplished by investigating how consumers of those services experience them by conducting a survey and interviews. The identified problems have then been compiled into a basis. The goal of this thesis is to provide a basis that may benefit streaming services, their consumers and be of use by academics to conduct further research within the field. The basis indicates that there are several perceived problems with the current recommendation systems. A total of nine problems have been documented and discussed. / Streamingtjänster har haft en betydande ökning i popularitet under det senaste årtiondet, med ett ökande antal användare. Tillsammans med digitaliseringen söker fler hushåll tillgänglig underhållning som gör att de kan välja vilken typ av innehåll de vill titta på. Men eftersom streamingtjänster har ökat i popularitet, har utbudet för dessa tjänster ökat, vilket gör användarna överväldigade när de bestämmer sig för vad de ska titta på härnäst. Rekommendationssystemen används av majoriteten av streamingtjänsterna för att hjälpa sina kunder att hitta lämpligt material att titta på. Rekommendations systemen föreslår lämpligt material baserat på användarens beteende mönster. Rekommendations systemets förslag uppfattas dock inte alltid vara relevanta. Syftet med denna uppsats är att identifiera potentiella problem som användare uppfattar av rekommendations systemen och vad som kan orsaka dessa problem. Detta åstadkoms genom att undersöka hur konsumenter av dessa tjänster upplever dem genom att genomföra en undersökning samt ett antal intervjuer. De identifierade problemen har sedan sammanställts till ett underlag. Målet med detta examensarbete är att ge ett underlag som kan gynna streamingtjänster, deras konsumenter och vara till nytta för akademiker för att genomföra ytterligare studier inom området. Underlaget tyder på att det finns flera problem med nuvarande rekommendationssystem som upplevs av användare. Totalt har nio problem dokumenterats och diskuterats.

The aim of the thesis 'Development of on-demand portals. Netflix and his original programming extension' is to map the production, marketing and distribution strategies of Netflix, the largst on- demand platform in the world, in context with the current state of linear television broadcasting. It can be pressumed, that both the on-line distribution and original content programming of on-demand platforms will contitnue to grow. The thesis examines the programming of Netflix, in regard to other international platforms and also compares the business and marketing strategies of Netflix's biggest rival - cable television HBO. The last chapter reveals current environment of on-demand distribution in the Czech Republic, in contect with Netflix's expansion on the Czech market in the newt two years and its possible operation on local market.