In this paper we have introduced a concept of analyzing the performance of dynamic network organization (NO) in response to multiple input objectives of network organization (NO) and input set of unpredictable external environment, and we have correlated plasticity of NO with this performance measure. A three stage conceptual model of the process has been described which comprised of dynamic system of multi-agent network, multiple objectives and input goals of network driver (S n), unpredictable external environment (ϵ). Dynamic system of the network organization takes through its two phase and processes this based on time and system response variables. Processing of input information by the system variables gives a ratio of system response variable and input. Further analysis is based on the value of this performance values. This model suggests a performance measuring technique which takes an input set of objectives from network driver of the NO, a set of input from external environment (ϵ) state and processes this input based on the existing state of the dynamic system in the NO. This process output shows dynamic system performance in dynamic environment and how this performance coefficient correlates with the Plasticity of network organization. We have presented several examples, mathematical models and graph by analyzing true scenarios on UAV patrolling zone.

This study aims at analyzing and explaining the use of information technology (IT) and its effect on organizational structures in SMEs in Turkey. Today, information technology has come to play a more and more important role in most organizations and especially in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Researchers give different meanings on the concept of IT as how IT is used or interpreted in organizations. This thesis focuses on the impact of IT on organizational structure. A framework for analysis consisting of four eras of IT use has been developed and forms the basis of research method for analyzing the effects of IT in SMEs. In the framework, the dominant technology actually creates an organization metaphor, which helps to determine how organizational structures will be affected by the use of information technology. The variables to be investigated in the areas of organizational structure are control, specialization, formalization, span of control, communication and collaboration, interorganizational relations. Through a case study of two small and medium sized companies in the electronics and manufacturing industries, it is found that formation of information networks especially external networks has a precise effect on organization structures. The results prove that IT has significant impacts on decentralization, specialization, communication, and interorganizational relations. Also, it is clear that managerial support for IT and IT implementation is found to be a major factor for information technology to be used effectively.

Thesis (M.N.M.)--Regis University, Denver, Colo., 2005. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on Nov. 16, 2005). Includes bibliographical references.

本研究第一階段乃是研究者嘗試運用網路組織之概念，針對網路組織定義、特性、興起、形成動機、類型與策略進行文獻探討，並建立網路組織之基本架構。然後再運用此架構，進一步針對外包之特性，建立起外包網路組織之架構。而第二階段研究者便選擇自身欲探討的「主機板工業」進行次級資料的收集、問卷之設計與郵寄，最後並進行部份的訪談，以進行「內製外包」理念的實證研究。 　　本研究的目的有四：1.收集、分析主機板產業中，廠商在各個「價值活動」中，「自製」、「外包」的現況。2.從主機板產業的「自製」、「外包」現況中，找出「外包」對象的類型。3.找出主機板產業中，引發其「外包」行為的動機。4.整合廠商對於「外包對象」的選擇與「外包動機」，確定此產業中所採行的「外包策略」。 　　本研究乃以台灣主機板工業的所有廠商為研究對象，並採用問卷郵寄、收集與訪談互相搭配的方法，進行問卷的結果分析。其結論如下： 　　1.主機板產業中，「機板銷售」、「售後服務」、「應用設計」與「機板測試」等價值活動附加價值較高。因此，主機板廠商比較傾向自製。 　　2.主機板產業中，「母板設計」、「應用設計」、「製程設計」、「機板組裝」、「機板測試」等價值活動容易影響產品的品質與時效。因此，主機板廠商比較傾向選擇與「固定廠商」合作。至於零組件採購方面，比較傾向採「固定與變動廠商」互相搭配的方式，以保持經營的彈性。 　　3.主機板產業中，對於外包的動機，則依不同的經營考量與不同的價值活動而有所不同。 　　4.主機板產業中，對於外包策略的選擇，係以「聯盟策略」與「權變策略」為主。

隨著人類知識的進展與科學技術的不斷更新，現今的組織正面臨前所未有的環境變動，特別是在二十世紀中期開始，組織的內外環境均呈現出一番不同以往的嶄新景象，組織人員無論是在態度、信念及價值各方面亦有明顯的轉變。因此，組織的管理理念必須加以改變及革新，而網路組織的核心價值與本質則提供一個樂觀的前景--能建構出具自主性、授權性及合作性概念的組織結構。故不論是公私組織均須對網路組織作深入的探討，並且能運用其管理上的實行方案，以因應環境的變遷。 　　本論分為五章：第一章為緒論，說明本文的研究動機、目的、方法及限制，並對網路組織相關的名詞作界定。第二章則闡述四種不同的管理藍圖，以及根據管理藍圖規劃出管理上的行動方案，並配合1990年代的環境情勢，選擇最合宜的組織型態以因應時代環境的變遷。第三章是說明網路組織的內容，分析其運用的基本型態，並以有效的網路管理使網路組織的實行方案能順利進行。第四章是說明管理途徑的發展過程，由探究網路組織的管理內容及其應用的情形，明瞭網路組織在面對環境激盪變化之際，可能遭受到的挑戰與難題，並以組織轉換的途徑使網路組織的形貌產生根本與革命性的變化。綜上所述可知網路組織的目的，是在改善其個別組織的運作狀況，藉由網路連結的合作關係進行相互學習的過程，促使網路組織具有開放性、適應性及學習性，並能轉換成為行動－學習的社群(action-learning communities)。第五章是全文的回顧與檢討，並對未來的研究方向提出建議，以作為全文的結語。 　　簡言之，網路組織是指整合所有以垂直、水平及空間上任何關係型式所形成的團體類型，在今日全「球化的趨勢以及國內正處在一個「不連續時代」之下，社會、政治、文化等方面環境的巨幅變化直接挑戰組織成員及其結構的知識與規範系統，所以公、私部門皆應具備因應組織內外環境變遷的總體策略，使自身組織能與國內或國外其它企業組織相互合作，並將網路結構的形成視為組織成長的主要動力，促使自身的組織在二十一世紀成為最具主導性的網路組織型態。

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本文係從企業組織個體之層次著眼，探討相對權力不同之企業，在不同的網路組織之中，如何運用網路策略創造或強化相對優勢。「組織網路特性」、「網路形態」、「組織權力」與「網路策略」為本篇論文之研究變項。其中，關於組織網路特性則係從「投入資源特性」與「網路利益特性」兩項構面切入；研究者以個案研究法為基礎，藉由歸納整理相關理論文獻之探討，發展出一觀念性架構，而後對台灣地區旅行業進行觀察，從而修正原架構、並推導出一系列之命題。綜合而言，本篇論文之主要研究發現有四三：（一）「網路成員的特定化程度」及「網路內部的正式化程度」是區別「網路形態」的基礎。（二）「網路利益模糊性」與網路成員之「投入資源特性」影響組織對於「網路形態」的選擇。（三）在廠商擁有不同「組織權力」的情況之下，廠商所身處的「網路形態」將影響其對於「網路策略」的選取。因此，研究者提出三大建議供企業界參考，首先企業應先明辨其生存所需資源之特性，以適當的方式的取得，避免受制於網路形態的結構性限制，扼殺企業之策略運用、與生存發展空間。因為企業所身處之網路形態，對於企業而言，是一項結構性的限制條件，該項結構限制對於後續網路策略的選擇與運用、甚或組織權力的強弱都有影響。其次，組織權力較大的企業應以強搶豪奪的方式將模糊之網路利益歸為己有，同時阻礙網路中其他企業之成長、並增強自身的實力；而權力較小的組織則應以密而不宣的方式，靜靜的發掘並攫取模糊的網路利益，避免過份招搖而為其他企業所打擊，徒然喪失快速超越成長的契機。第三，，網路策略、網路形態、與組織網路特性三者之間應有高度的連結性與一致性。尤其當企業將策略思考層面擴及所有互動企業所組成的網路時，非經濟性的考量、甚或政治性考量在經營策略中所佔的比重必會快速竄升，然而未必所有的企業皆有能力承受或運用零合性行為，研究者並非企圖陳述政治性或非經濟性考量不應化約於企業策略之中，而是企業不可因為政治性或非經濟性考量必要性之浮現，而反將經濟性動機或目的遺漏。因此企業所需關心者，應是在特定時點中，經濟性或非經濟性動機對於企業於網路中相對優勢之影響，在考量企業自身現有能力與權力的限制條件之下，致力於使網路策略配合網路形態，以創造或強化企業之相對優勢。

Participatory communication through Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) has been identified to enhance self-dependency and equality for local communities in development projects. As well, ICTs served as an accelerator for citizen participation in social movements, such as in Egypt. However, it is still questionable how participation and ICTs are understood on a global scale where structural inequalities between developing and developed countries might influence communication processes. Similarly, international organizations often address a global network of stakeholders with various economic and social backgrounds. However, it is unclear how participatory communication and ICTs are used in global organizations aiming to foster sustainable development. Hence, this thesis investigates the understanding and practices of participatory communication and the role of ICTs in a global network organization, the Global Water Partnership (GWP) based in Stockholm. The GWPs network consists of 2964 institutional partners in 172 countries worldwide. It can be seen that the GWP aims to achieve dialogic communication with local partners, but that they do not have a mechanism that ensures continuous participation in all working processes, although the local partners demand more possibilities to contribute and participate. As well, ICTs play a minor role in addressing the GWP network. In fact, most of the partner organizations do not have reliable internet access and insufficient English literacy, which makes communication through ICTs especially challenging.This suggests that globally operating organizations should be careful not to reproduce existing power relationship between developed and developing countries through the use of ICTs. As well, more mechanisms need to be established which ensure more participation in organization’s processes.

Bakgrund: Globaliseringen samt digitaliseringen har lett till stora förändringar på den globala marknaden. Företag konkurrerar inte längre bara regionalt eller nationellt utan även internationellt. Den dynamiska och volatila marknaden har lett till att det inte räcker att företag utnyttjar sina befintliga resurser utan de måste även vara flexibla, snabba och innovativa för att identifiera nya möjligheter. För att lyckas med det måste företag vara strategiskt entreprenöriella. Den ökade konkurrensen har även gjort att företag tvingas leverera hög kapacitet och effektivitet i samtliga av dess aktiviteter. Det har därmed blivit vanligt att företag väljer att enbart hantera de aktiviteter där de har sina interna styrkor och outsourcar övriga aktiviteter till externa företag genom att vara i nätverksorganisationer. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att skapa en djupare förståelse för strategiskt entreprenörskap och undersöka om och i så fall hur nätverksorganisationer kan balansera entreprenörskap och strategi i sin verksamhet.  Metod: Studien utgörs av en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi som utformats som en fallstudie av företaget Smiling Group. Det empiriska materialet har samlat in via intervjuer, observationer samt genom granskning av skriftligt material.  Slutsats: Vi anser utifrån vår studie att företag i nätverksorganisationer kan balansera strategi och entreprenörskap i sin verksamhet genom att de utnyttjar förutsättningarna som nätverket skapar. Vi vill hävda att en nätverksorganisation bidrar till att de enskilda företagen inom organisationen kan vara av entreprenöriell karaktär och ändå skapa långsiktig konkurrenskraft på marknaden. / Background: The trends of globalization and digitalization have led to huge changes in the global market. Companies do not compete only on a regional or national level but also on an international level. The dynamic and volatile market place have led to the fact that companies do not only have to use their existing resources but they also have to be flexible, fast pace and innovative in order to identify new market opportunities. To succeed companies must be strategically entrepreneurial. The increased competitive situation has also forced companies to deliver high capacity and efficiency in all of its activities. Hence, it has become common that companies choose to perform those activities where they have their internal strengths while outsourcing the other activities to organizations by operating in network environments. Purpose: The purpose of the case study is to provide a greater understanding for the concept of strategic entrepreneurship and evaluate the how the network organizations can balance the entrepreneurship and strategy in its business operations. Method: The study is represented of a qualitative research strategy which has been shaped as a case study of the Smiling Group company. The empirical material has been collected through several personal interviews, various experiences and a review of written documentation.  Conclusion: We conclude out of this case study that firms in network organizations can balance strategic management and entrepreneurship in their operations by utilizing the strategic advantages provided by the network. We claim that network organizations contribute by giving the individual firm the opportunity to take entrepreneurial action and still creating sustainable competitive advantage.

構形是一種有整體性分類的觀念，以構形的觀念提出一些資訊科技與管理的架構，來看待組織使用資訊科技的方式，可避免見樹不見林之憾。 本文即是試圖提出幾種包含七項構面在內的六種資訊科技，及包含網路組織在內的六種組織構形。並提出一個概念性模式探討組織構形與資訊科技構形之間的「配合」問題。 / Configuration can represent in typologies developed conceptually.Describing organization as configuration can open the beholder to thenature of whole beasts. The perspective of configuration allows us to observe the whole forest rather than only individual trees. Similarly, we need informatin techology (IT) configurations to help us understand the whole information management issues in organization.In this paper, we propose an IT configuration framework with seven information techology dimensions to derive six configurations. We also propose an conceptual framework about the fit between the organizationconfiguration and IT configuration.