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Problématiques(s) des rapports soma/psyché dans les neurosciences et dans la psychanalyse : du réel de la science au réel du parlêtre / Problematic(s) relations between psyche and soma in neurosciences and psychoanalysis : from the real of science to the real of the « parlêtre »Gosselin, Vincent 01 October 2011 (has links)
Les symptômes de conversion hystérique, qui se définissent comme une atteinte fonctionnelle des fonctions motrices et/ou sensorielles sans que l’on puisse en donner une causalité physiologique, posent une énigme à l’explication scientifique et médicale. Cette étude se focalise plus particulièrement sur les paralysies motrices hystériques où les investigations neurologiques récentes sont plus nombreuses et bien documentées. À partir de cette problématique, les représentations des rapports psyché/soma sont interrogées et comparées dans les champs des neurosciences et de la psychanalyse.Dans les neurosciences, les rapports soma/psyché peuvent être ramenés à des conceptions monistes de type physicaliste, qui font du psychisme un épiphénomène issu du traitement de l’information dans les réseaux neuronaux (position qualifiée d’éliminationiste), ou bien à des conceptions dualistes qui s’ignorent plus ou moins suivant les chercheurs.La perspective du nouage borroméen du dernier Lacan, quant à la structure du parlêtre (nouage RSI), nous permettent de montrer les limites des représentations scientifiques (imaginaro-symbolique) de l’être parlant qui n’intègrent pas les dimensions du réel, du symbolique et de l’imaginaire. / Hysterical conversions symptoms, which are defined as functional stoke of sensory and/or motor functions without known physiological causality, ask a serious riddle to scientific and medical theory. This studie is focused on hysterical motor paralysis where neurological investigations are more recents and numerous. Starting from this point, body mind representations are interrogated and compared in the fields of neurosciences and psychoanalysis.In neurosciences, the body mind problem can be reduce to monist physicalist conception, in which psyche is an epiphenomenon stem from information processing in neural networks (this position is called eliminationnism), or can be reduce to differents dualists conceptions which are more or less explicited, depending of autors.The last Lacan’view of borromean knot, which refer to the « parlêtre »’s structure (RSI knot), allow us to show that scientifics représentations (imaginaro-symbolic representations) of human are limited because they don’t take real, symbolic and imaginary registers into consideration.
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Sobre um conceito integral de empatia: intercâmbios entre filosofia, psicanálise e neuropsicologiaDe Simone, Adriana 26 May 2010 (has links)
Este trabalho faz uma revisão das principais teorias em psicanálise, fenomenologia, e neurociência na tentativa desenvolver um conceito integral de empatia. Em Freud empatia depende da identificação e dos laços emocionais que decorrem da pulsão de vida; em Klein se apresenta como identificação projetiva benéfica; em Bion relacionase aos vínculos (L, K, H), o Outro é transcendência (O); em Winnicott traduzse em holding e propicia o surgimento do verdadeiro self; na neurociência cognitiva depende de inferências cognitivas (teorias sobre teoria da mente), e de imitação implícita (Gallese); na neuropsicologia da emoção depende de um componente emocional básico, ou das emoções primárias; na neuropsicanálise relacionase com a maturação do hemisfério direito (Allan Shore) e `a identificação projetiva; na fenomenologia de Husserl empatia está relacionada `a intersubjetividade (o outro é outroeu); em Heidegger é a própria abertura do seraí, ou compreensão; Levinas o rosto significa outramente, pressupõe a relação de responsabilidade e a superação do Mesmo. Relacionase ainda com bondade e amor. Pautados nos conceitos destes autores, consideramos que a empatia pertence a duas qualidades de experiência: (1) contágio emocional ou ressonância de afeto pela qual o euoutro perdem suas fronteiras definidas; que não acompanha a idéia do Outro como alteridade (emoções primárias, comunicação inconsciente de afeto, identificação projetiva, compreensão originária do sernomundo) e, (2) identificação que decorre da imagem/representação do corpo por espelhamento e mimetismo. Nosso conceito integral, portanto, considera o psiquismo como uma estrutura psíquica enquadrante (Green) e vazia a ser preenchida pelo cuidado e bons objetos primordiais. A empatia ou comunhão afetiva decorre da preconcepção (Bion) ou de uma abertura originária do ser, de caráter inato e filogenético, de responsabilidade para com o outro como outroeu, que é, também, diferente. Em termos neuroanatomofuncionais se identificam dois sistemas sobrepostos que tem seus epicentros no hemisfério direito sendo o primeiro epicentro o córtex órbitofrontal (relacionado ao sentimento de simesmo); e, o segundo, a área somatosensorial (formador da autoimagem) e suas aferenciaseferências, provindos de àreas motoras e de linguagem (Broca). A empatia (do grego empatheia) pode ser descrita, portanto como duas formas básicas de funcionamento, que nos remete `a sua relação léxica com a palavra grega sympátheia como fator unificador (Plotino). As traduções adequadas a ambos os termos seria sentircom (Mitfühlung) e sentirdentro (Einfühlung) / Text not informed by the author
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Sobre um conceito integral de empatia: intercâmbios entre filosofia, psicanálise e neuropsicologiaAdriana De Simone 26 May 2010 (has links)
Este trabalho faz uma revisão das principais teorias em psicanálise, fenomenologia, e neurociência na tentativa desenvolver um conceito integral de empatia. Em Freud empatia depende da identificação e dos laços emocionais que decorrem da pulsão de vida; em Klein se apresenta como identificação projetiva benéfica; em Bion relacionase aos vínculos (L, K, H), o Outro é transcendência (O); em Winnicott traduzse em holding e propicia o surgimento do verdadeiro self; na neurociência cognitiva depende de inferências cognitivas (teorias sobre teoria da mente), e de imitação implícita (Gallese); na neuropsicologia da emoção depende de um componente emocional básico, ou das emoções primárias; na neuropsicanálise relacionase com a maturação do hemisfério direito (Allan Shore) e `a identificação projetiva; na fenomenologia de Husserl empatia está relacionada `a intersubjetividade (o outro é outroeu); em Heidegger é a própria abertura do seraí, ou compreensão; Levinas o rosto significa outramente, pressupõe a relação de responsabilidade e a superação do Mesmo. Relacionase ainda com bondade e amor. Pautados nos conceitos destes autores, consideramos que a empatia pertence a duas qualidades de experiência: (1) contágio emocional ou ressonância de afeto pela qual o euoutro perdem suas fronteiras definidas; que não acompanha a idéia do Outro como alteridade (emoções primárias, comunicação inconsciente de afeto, identificação projetiva, compreensão originária do sernomundo) e, (2) identificação que decorre da imagem/representação do corpo por espelhamento e mimetismo. Nosso conceito integral, portanto, considera o psiquismo como uma estrutura psíquica enquadrante (Green) e vazia a ser preenchida pelo cuidado e bons objetos primordiais. A empatia ou comunhão afetiva decorre da preconcepção (Bion) ou de uma abertura originária do ser, de caráter inato e filogenético, de responsabilidade para com o outro como outroeu, que é, também, diferente. Em termos neuroanatomofuncionais se identificam dois sistemas sobrepostos que tem seus epicentros no hemisfério direito sendo o primeiro epicentro o córtex órbitofrontal (relacionado ao sentimento de simesmo); e, o segundo, a área somatosensorial (formador da autoimagem) e suas aferenciaseferências, provindos de àreas motoras e de linguagem (Broca). A empatia (do grego empatheia) pode ser descrita, portanto como duas formas básicas de funcionamento, que nos remete `a sua relação léxica com a palavra grega sympátheia como fator unificador (Plotino). As traduções adequadas a ambos os termos seria sentircom (Mitfühlung) e sentirdentro (Einfühlung) / Text not informed by the author
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L’équivoque e(s)t l’inconscient : Entwurf pour le XXIème siècle. / Equivocity is the unconsciousHafner, David Zachary 11 March 2016 (has links)
Lacan affirma dans sa lecture de l’œuvre freudienne que le champ de la psychanalyse est foncièrement « motérialiste ». Elle s’occupe des mots et leurs morceaux – les phonèmes, ainsi que de la béance entre signifiant et signifié. L’interprétation psychanalytique opère là où il y a de l’équivoque, c’est-à-dire, du glissement de sens dans un énoncé. Pourtant, l’interprétation ne vise ni à l’éclaircissement ni à la genèse du sens, « mais à réduire les signifiants à leurs ‘nonsens’ pour ainsi trouver les déterminants de la conduite du sujet. » Une interprétation qui vise à l’explication mènerait à une chasse au dahu qui ne dévoile que le semblant de la vérité menteuse. Cette sorte d’interprétation fut pour la psychanalyse du début du XXème siècle l’origine de l’augmentation de la résistance (dite) chez les analysants, de la fermeture de l’inconscient. Après une soigneuse étude de l’évolution de l’Unbewusste dans les théories de Freud, Lacan, et Miller, aussi bien que de l’équivoque, nous consacrons la fin de la thèse à débattre si l’hypothèse éthique de l’inconscient peut s’accorder avec un fonction réel biophysique quoi que ce soit. Au bout de cette investigation nous arrivions à la conclusion que l’inconscient n’est rien d’autre que l’équivocité même de langage et les restes d’apprentissage d’un lalangue. Ce n’est pas l’histoire subjective, ce n’est pas la paroisse culturelle non plus ; ainsi son statut serait mi- symbolique, mi- réel. C’est donc au niveau de lalangue d’un être parlant (l’analysant) que l’acte analytique doit se porter / Lacan asserted in his reading of Freud that the field of psychoanalysis fundamentally moterialist. It deals with words and their fragments - phonemes, as well as the abyss between signifier and signified. Psychoanalytic interpretation operates where there is equivoque, that is to say, slippage of meaning in speech. Nonetheless, interpretation aims neither to clarify nor to create meaning, “but to reduce the signifiers to their nonsense to thus find the behavioral determinants of the subject.” An interpretation aiming at explanation will lead to a wild goose chase that never unveils more than the semblance of lying truth. At the beginning of the XXth century, This sort of interpretation was at the origin of the so-called increase in analysands’ resistance, of a closing of the unconscious. After carefully investigating the evolution of the Unbewusste in the theories of Freud, Lacan and Miller, as well as that of the equivocal, we dedicate the end of the thesis to debating whether the ethical hypothesis of the unconscious can harmoniously meet up with any real biophysical function whatsoever. At the end of this investigation we arrive at the conclusion that the unconscious is nothing else than the ambiguity of spoken language and the remains of the learning of a lalangue. The unconscious is not subjective history, nor is it a cultural parish; as such, its status would be half-symbolic, half-real.
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Exploration du lien entre la qualité de la mentalisation et l'efficacité du rappel autobiographiqueDauphin, Julie January 2008 (has links)
Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.
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Exploration du lien entre la qualité de la mentalisation et l'efficacité du rappel autobiographiqueDauphin, Julie January 2008 (has links)
Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal
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Principles of organisation of psychic energy within psychoanalysis : a systems theory perspectiveConnolly, John Patrick 05 1900 (has links)
The concept of Psychic Energy holds a very important position in the field of Psychoanalysis, particularly within the theories of Sigmund Freud. These ideas, including the notion of a constancy of excitation, or the ‘pleasure principle’, as well as energy transfer and ‘cathexis’, are important not only historically in terms of the subsequent development of Psychoanalytic theory, but also remain a core conceptual assumption of a number of concepts in contemporary use. However, the central ideas related to psychic energy have undergone little substantial revision or development since the end of Freud’s career, despite a number of compelling critiques that call into question the central definitions and assumptions of these concepts, particularly the principles defining their governance. Grobbelaar (1989) has suggested that a number of problems within Psychoanalytic theory can be powerfully addressed through recourse to central propositions from the field of systems theory, and the case is made in the present thesis that some of the core problems with the energic theory may indeed be the result of a pre-systems epistemology. The present study proposes that psychic energy be defined as recursively constituted through three levels of the human system (inorganic, organic and informational), and that the core principles of regulation at the informational level is not constancy, or pleasure, but rather the necessity of maintaining organisation. In line with this proposition, the study reviews a number of theoretical propositions from systems theory and cybernetics (including the notions of energy defined as ‘information’ or ‘free energy’) and how they may be usefully deployed as principles of organisation of psychic energy within the psychoanalytic framework. Examples of how these principles may be used to explain Freud’s core observations of ego functioning are presented as well. / Psychology / Ph. D. (Psychology)
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Des fantômes dans la voix : une hypothèse neuropsychanalytique sur la structure de l’inconscient / Phantoms in the voice : a neuropsychoanalytic hypothesis on the structure of the unconsciousBazan, Ariane 30 June 2009 (has links)
Ce travail dans le domaine de la « neuropsychanalyse » propose une spéculation théorique sur la structure physiologique de l’inconscient psychanalytique en recoupant les observations expérimentales et cliniques des deux cadres. L’écoute clinique indique une insistance de phonèmes récurrents dans ce qui fait conflit, appelés « phonèmes fantômes ». En effet, tel un membre fantôme, le signifiant refoulé est investi d’une intention mais son articulation est bloquée. Or, du fait de la structure ambiguë du langage, un même mouvement d’articulation peut radicalement changer de signification. C’est ce mécanisme qui donne lieu au retour du refoulé dans le signifiant et permet la survie de fantômes phonémiques qui tisseraient la structure linguistique de l’inconscient. Cette question du signifiant est présentée en écho à une question plus fondamentale, celle de l’émergence du psychique en réponse à la contrainte de l’organisme de faire la distinction entre intérieur et extérieur. Pour cette distinction, il faut supposer l’existence d’un système d’inhibition ciblé puisqu’il doit faire ressortir précisément ce qui dans la façon d’appréhender le monde extérieur n’a pas été anticipé. Cette précision est offerte par le modèle sensorimoteur des copies d’efférence, qui présentifie le mouvement avant qu’il ne se fasse et montre comment l’inhibition est condition de la représentation, constitutif du psychique. Pour l’humain la nécessité de la distinction intérieur-extérieur est impérieuse du fait précisément du langage qui rend complexe l’identification du lieu d’où ça parle. Elle mène au mouvement de refoulement, qui par inhibition fait apparaitre les fantômes phonèmiques comme les représentations en négatif des fragments de paroles refoulés. Cette réflexion théorique est précédée d’une mise en contexte élaborée dans l’histoire et l’épistémologique parfois controversée de la neuropsychanalyse et revendique pour sa méthodologie une approche transcendantale. / This study in the domain of « neuropsychoanalysis » proposes a theoretical speculation on the physiological structure of the psychoanalytic unconscious by cross-checking the experimental and clinical observations from both domains. Clinical listening indicates the insistence of recurring phonemes when it comes to conflictual topics, called “phonemic phantoms”. Indeed, as is the case in a phantom limb, the repressed signifier is invested by an intention while its articulation is blocked. However, due to the ambiguous structure of language, a same articulation movement can radically change signification. It is this mechanism that causes the return of the repressed in the signifier and allows for the survival of phonemic phantoms which are thought to weave the linguistic structure of the unconscious. The question of the signifier is presented as an instantiation of a more fundamental question, the emergence of the psychic realm in response to the constraint of the organism to distinguish interior from exterior. For this distinction, the existence of an accurate system of inhibition must be postulated since it has to be able to delineate precisely what in the way of apprehending the world was not anticipated by the organism. This precision is allowed by the sensorimotor model of efference copies, which presentifies the movement before its realisation and shows how inhibition is a condition for representation. For humans, the necessity of the interior-exterior distinction is imperious due to language which renders complex the identification of the locus from where speech is initiated (from where “id” speaks). This necessity leads to the movement of repression, which by inhibition induces phonemic phantoms in the form of negative representations of repressed speech. This work is preceded by an introduction which contextualises the theoretical reflexion in the sometimes controversial history and epistemology of neuropsychoanalysis and which claims a transcendental approach for its methodology.
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