Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-06-01T14:52:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_MAURICIO_BARBIERI_MEZOMO_PARCIAL.pdf: 932404 bytes, checksum: 239b9fe2806221355d7e2af7544bc0d3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T14:52:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_MAURICIO_BARBIERI_MEZOMO_PARCIAL.pdf: 932404 bytes, checksum: 239b9fe2806221355d7e2af7544bc0d3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-08 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Introduction: this thesis aimed to evaluate bone anatomy of the of the maxillary tuberosity in patients with and without upper third molars, besides evaluating the maxillary sinus pneumatization in this region, in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and reconstructed panoramic radiography (RPR). Methods: in study 1, 40 CBCT of individuals without upper third molar (Group 0) and 40 CBCT of individuals with upper third molar (Group 1) were evaluated. The height and radicular width of the upper second molar (USM), the height, width and bone length of the maxillary tuberosity were measured, in addition to the pneumatization of the maxillary sinus in this region. In study 2, 21 CBCT were evaluated, the height of the disto-buccal root of the USM and height and length of the tuberosity bone at different locations was measured. In addition, the pneumatization of the maxillary sinus in this region was scored. Measurements were performed on tomographic slices and on the RPR. Results: in study 1, there was no significant difference between the groups for the gender (p = 0.85), for age (p = 0.07) and for dental measurements (p> 0.58). Bone height was lower (p = 0.023) in group 0 only in the measurement performed 7mm distally to the second molar. The tuberosity width was higher in group 1 (p <0.0001) in all measurements, with the exception of measurement 1mm distally to the second molar. Buccal bone length was significantly lower (p <0.005) in group 0. The maxillary sinus pneumatization in the maxillary tuberosity region was significantly higher in group 0. In study 2, the radicular height showed a high correlation between the groups (ICC = 0.929). A moderate to low correlation (ICC <0.603) was observed for bone heights on comparison between tomographic slices and RPR. The correlation for bone length was high in central (ICC> 0.921) and palatal (ICC> 0.732) regions of the tuberosity, but low in the buccal region (ICC <0.441) when the measure of the RPR was compared to the measurements of tomographic slices. The maxillary sinus pneumatization scores for the maxillary tuberosity region were quite similar in both groups (kappa = 0.970). Conclusion: in study 1, the dimensions of the maxillary tuberosity presented individual variation. Group 0 presented smaller dimensions than group 1, mainly regarding tuberosity width and buccal bone length. Group 0 showed higher scores of maxillary sinus pneumatization towards the tuberosity. In study 2, measurements of the height of the distobuccal root of the USM, central and palatal length of the tuberosity and pneumatization of the maxillary sinus to the tuberosity region obtained in the tomographic slices presented a high correlation with the RPR measurements. However, the measurements of vestibular length showed a low correlation between both techniques. / Introdu??o: o objetivo desta tese foi avaliar a anatomia ?ssea da regi?o da alveolar da tuberosidade maxilar de pacientes com e sem terceiros molares superiores, al?m de avaliar a pneumatiza??o do seio maxilar nesta regi?o, em tomografia computadorizada de feixe c?nico (TCFC) e em radiografia panor?mica reconstru?da (RPR) M?todos: no estudo 1, avaliou-se 40 TCFC de indiv?duos sem terceiro molar superior (Grupo 0) e 40 TCFC de indiv?duos com terceiro molar superior (Grupo 1). Mediu-se a altura e largura radicular do segundo molar superior (2MS), a altura, largura e comprimento ?sseo da tuberosidade maxilar, al?m da pneumatiza??o do seio maxilar nesta regi?o. No estudo 2 foram utilizadas 21 TCFC. Mediu-se a altura da raiz disto-vestibular do segundo molar superior (2MS), altura e comprimento ?sseo da tuberosidade maxilar em diferentes localiza??es. Tamb?m foi mensurada a pneumatiza??o do seio maxilar nesta regi?o. As medi??es foram realizadas em cortes tomogr?ficos espec?ficos e na RPR para compara??o entre as t?cnicas. Resultados: no estudo 1, n?o houve diferen?a significativa entre os grupos para o g?nero (p=0,85), para a idade (p=0,07) e para as medidas dent?rias (p>0,58). Em rela??o ?s medidas ?sseas, a altura ?ssea foi menor (p=0,023) no grupo 0 apenas na mensura??o realizada 7mm distalmente ao 2MS, a largura da tuberosidade foi maior no grupo 1 (p<0,0001) em todas as mensura??es, com exce??o da medi??o realizada 1mm distalmente ao segundo molar, o comprimento ?sseo vestibular foi significativamente menor (p<0,005) no grupo 0. A pneumatiza??o do seio maxilar na regi?o da tuberosidade maxilar foi significativamente maior no grupo 0. No estudo 2, encontrou-se alta correla??o entre os grupos (ICC=0,929) para a altura radicular. A correla??o foi moderada a baixa (ICC<0,603) na compara??o entre as medidas nos cortes tomogr?ficos e na RPR para a altura ?ssea. A correla??o para a medida de comprimento ?sseo foi alta na regi?o central (ICC>0,921) e moderada na palatina (ICC>0,732), mas baixa na regi?o vestibular (ICC<0,441) quando comparada a medida da RPR ?s medidas dos cortes tomogr?ficos. Os escores de pneumatiza??o do seio maxilar para a regi?o da tuberosidade maxilar foram bastante similares em ambos os grupos (kappa=0,970). Conclus?o: a partir do estudo 1 concluiu-se que as dimens?es da tuberosidade maxilar apresentaram varia??o individual, o grupo 0 apresentou dimens?es menores que o grupo 1, principalmente quanto ? largura da tuberosidade e comprimento ?sseo vestibular, o grupo 0 apresentou ?ndices maiores de pneumatiza??o do seio maxilar em dire??o ? tuberosidade. No estudo 2 as medidas da altura da raiz disto-vestibular do 2MS, comprimento central e palatino da tuberosidade e pneumatiza??o do seio maxilar para a regi?o da tuberosidade obtidas nos cortes tomogr?ficos apresentam alta correla??o com as medidas da RPR. Por?m a medida de comprimento vestibular, nos cortes tomogr?ficos, apresenta baixa correla??o com a medida de comprimento na RPR.

Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-06-30T18:50:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_LILIANE_CRISTINA_ONOFRE_CASAGRANDE_PARCIAL.pdf: 257565 bytes, checksum: 481e5a6f005ffe72a8e2e515f49057ea (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-06-30T18:50:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_LILIANE_CRISTINA_ONOFRE_CASAGRANDE_PARCIAL.pdf: 257565 bytes, checksum: 481e5a6f005ffe72a8e2e515f49057ea (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-30T18:50:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_LILIANE_CRISTINA_ONOFRE_CASAGRANDE_PARCIAL.pdf: 257565 bytes, checksum: 481e5a6f005ffe72a8e2e515f49057ea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The sagittal split ramus osteotomy is widely used for the surgical correction of den-tofacial deformities. The techniques historical development began with Hugo Obwer-geser in 1957. The relentless proposals for alterations of the sagittal split ramus oste-otomy technique originated with the intention of administering and minimizing the var-ious trans and pos-operative complications that happened during the performance of this procedure. As this is a technique usually employed with young healthy patients, the rates of complications must be controlled and the possible factors of confusion must be detected and corrected. The present study had the purpose of identifying mandibular anatomical points, using cone beam computed tomography, and ana-lise their relation with areas and structures that are important for surgical planing, in the exams of patients with retrognathism, prognathism and with a balanced maxillo-mandibular pattern using Dolphin? software. 27 tomographic patient images were dis-tributed into the three groups and were evaluated. Significant statisti-cal diferences were found between the three evaluated deformities and between men and women. However, the mandibular canal had a greater distance to the vestibular cortical plate in the points between the distal root of the first molar and de distal root of the second molar, and was closer to the lingual plate in the region between 1M and 2M, in all three classes. / A osteotomia sagital do ramo mandibular ? amplamente utilizada para a corre??o cir?rgica das deformidades dentais e esquel?ticas. O desenvolvimento hist?rico da t?cnica iniciou com Hugo Obwegeser, em 1957. As incans?veis propostas de altera??o da t?cnica de osteotomia sagital do ramo mandibular se originaram com a inten??o de administrar e minimizar as v?rias complica??es trans e p?s-cir?rgicas encontradas durante a realiza??o desse procedimento. Por se tratar de uma t?cnica usualmente utilizada em pacientes jovens e saud?veis, as taxas de complica??es devem ser controladas e os poss?veis fatores de confus?o devem ser detectados e corrigidos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar pontos anat?micos mandibulares, utilizando tomografias computadorizadas de feixe c?nico (TCFC), e analisar sua rela??o com ?reas e estruturas importantes para o planejamento cir?rgico, em exames de pacientes portadores de oclus?o dent?ria classe I, II ou III utilizando o software Dolphin?. Foram avaliadas as imagens tomogr?ficas de 27 pacientes distribu?dos entre os tr?s grupos. Foram encontradas diferen?as estatisticamente significantes entre as tr?s deformidades avaliadas entre os sexo feminino e masculino. Entretanto, o canal mandibular esteve mais afastado da placa cortical vestibular nos pontos entre a raiz distal do primeiro molar e a raiz distal do segundo molar, e mais pr?ximo da placa lingual na regi?o entre 1M e 2M, nas tr?s classes.

Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-07-04T13:04:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_PAULA_ROSALES_ZUBIAURRE_PARCIAL.pdf: 543543 bytes, checksum: 6d5071c3ac2beb85a152586328ec9cea (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-07-04T13:05:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_PAULA_ROSALES_ZUBIAURRE_PARCIAL.pdf: 543543 bytes, checksum: 6d5071c3ac2beb85a152586328ec9cea (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-04T13:05:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_PAULA_ROSALES_ZUBIAURRE_PARCIAL.pdf: 543543 bytes, checksum: 6d5071c3ac2beb85a152586328ec9cea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-10 / Introduction: The prevalence of obesity has tripled in the last four decades in the world, from 4.8% in 1975 to 12.8% in 2014. In Brazil, there was an increase of 6.3% in the prevalence of obesity from 2006 to 2014. The Brazilian Unified Health System had an annual cost of US$ 2.1 billion with outpatient procedures and hospitalizations. Ten percent of this cost was exclusively spent to treat obesity. The aim of this study was to compare the costs of medical and surgical treatment of severe obesity at centers of excellence for the treatment of obesity funded by the Brazilian Unified Health System. We also intended to estimate the direct and indirect costs. Methods: We conducted an observational, population-based, multicenter study estimating the costs and loss of productivity during 12 months related to obese patients treated at public centers of excellence for obesity. Results: Our sample included 274 patients, 140 patients were allocated to the surgical group and 134 patients were in medical group, with a female predominance in both groups. The surgical group had a higher morbidity rate than the medical group. The surgical group had a lower direct cost (Int$ 1,671.38 vs. Int$ 1,763.71). Three years after the surgery, the indirect cost of medical treatment was higher than the surgical treatment. Conclusion: This study showed that the total costs were higher in the surgical group in the first 2 years after surgery; however, from the third year on there was a significant decrease in costs, reaching lower costs than the medical group. Around 80% of the population studied in the female gender, which reflects a worldwide reality of gender distribution. Indirect costs, which reflect obesity impacts on the labor market, accounted for around 20% of total costs. / Introdu??o: A preval?ncia de obesidade triplicou nas ?ltimas quatro d?cadas em termos mundiais, passando de 4,8% em 1975 para 12,8% em 2014. No Brasil houve um incremento de 6,3% na preval?ncia de obesidade de 2006 para 2014. O sistema p?blico de sa?de brasileiro demonstrou um custo anual com procedimentos ambulatoriais e hospitaliza??es de US$2,1 bilh?es, dado que 10% seria a fra??o atribu?vel exclusivamente ? obesidade. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar os custos do tratamento cl?nico e cir?rgico da obesidade grave em centros de refer?ncia para o tratamento da obesidade do Sistema ?nico de Sa?de Brasileiro e estimar os custos diretos e indiretos. M?todos: Estudo observacional, de base populacional, multic?ntrico, que estimou a utiliza??o de recursos de sa?de e a perda de produtividade no per?odo de 12 meses de indiv?duos obesos em acompanhamento em centros de refer?ncia para o tratamento da obesidade no SUS. Resultados: Foi inclu?do um total de 274 pacientes, sendo 140 pacientes no grupo cir?rgico e 134 pacientes no grupo cl?nico, com predom?nio do sexo feminino em ambos os grupos. Mostrou-se que o grupo cir?rgico possui uma carga de morbidade maior que o grupo cl?nico. O grupo cir?rgico apresentou um custo direto menor (R$ 2.785,64 versus R$ 2.939,70). Ap?s o terceiro ano de p?s-operat?rio o custo indireto do tratamento cl?nico j? ? superior ao tratamento cir?rgico. Conclus?o: O presente estudo evidenciou que os custos totais foram maiores no grupo cir?rgico nos primeiros 2 anos de p?s-operat?rio, por?m a partir do terceiro ano houve uma diminui??o significativa, atingindo n?veis inferiores ao do grupo cl?nico. Em torno de 80% da popula??o estudada ? do g?nero feminino, o que reflete a realidade mundial da distribui??o de g?neros. Os custos indiretos, que refletem impactos da obesidade no mercado de trabalho, representaram em torno de 20% dos custos totais.

Submitted by PPG Odontologia (odontologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2017-08-29T19:45:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FABIANE_AZEREDO_TES.pdf: 3598342 bytes, checksum: 84ac81263b072eecf7c0a9a8c7903bb2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-09-11T14:29:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FABIANE_AZEREDO_TES.pdf: 3598342 bytes, checksum: 84ac81263b072eecf7c0a9a8c7903bb2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-11T14:31:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FABIANE_AZEREDO_TES.pdf: 3598342 bytes, checksum: 84ac81263b072eecf7c0a9a8c7903bb2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-11 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The objectives of this study were to evaluate two types of rare craniofacial and dento-skeletal anomalies: hemifacial microsomia (HFM) and primary of failure eruption (PFE) of the permanent teeth. A literature review addressed to the three-dimensional evaluation methods of mandibular asymmetries in subjects with HFM, using conventional computed tomography (CT) and cone beam (CBCT) was conducted (Paper 1). CBCT data of 14 individuals with HFM and 35 subjects without HFM were selected and mandibular dimensions were evaluated and compared. Cephalometric landmarks were identified in the multiplanar images and panoramic reconstructions, and linear and angular measurements were performed for comparison between the right and left sides or affected and nonaffected sides of the mandible. InVivo Dental Software (Anatomage, San Jose, CA) was used in this evaluation. All variables showed a significant difference between the affected and non-affected side of the mandible in the HFM group, except the mandibular length, that presented similar dimensions on both sides. In the comparison between HFM and control groups, the angular measurements were significantly higher on the affected side and the mandibular ramus length on the non-affected side of HFM individuals was higher than in the control group. This type of growth pattern may be associated with bone compensations in the mandible of HFM individuals (Paper 2). In the study about rare dento-skeletal malformations, different approaches for the orthodontic treatment in adults and children with PFE were presented (Paper 3). Depending on the condition severity, the impact on the functional and aesthetic aspects in affected individuals can be significant and difficult to treat. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar dois tipos de anomalias craniofacias e altera??es dento-esqueletais raras: microssomia hemifacial (MHF) e falhas de erup??o prim?ria (FEP) dos dentes permanentes. Foi realizada uma revis?o de literatura, que abordou os m?todos de avalia??o tridimensional de assimetrias mandibulares em indiv?duos com MHF, por meio de tomografia computadorizada convencional e cone beam (TCCB) (artigo 1). Exames de TCCB de 14 indiv?duos com MHF e de 35 sem MHF foram selecionadas e as dimens?es mandibulares foram avaliadas e comparadas. Pontos cefalom?tricos foram localizados nas imagens multiplanares e reconstru??es panor?micas, sobre as quais medidas lineares e angulares foram realizadas para compara??o entre os lados direito e esquerdo ou lados afetado ou n?o da mand?bula. O software InVivo Dental (Anatomage, San Jose, CA) foi utilizado para esta avalia??o. Todas as vari?ves apresentaram diferen?a significativa entre o lado afetado e n?o afetado da mand?bula no grupo MFH, exceto o comprimento mandibular, que apresentou dimens?es semelhantes em ambos os lados. Na compara??o entre os grupos MHF e controle, as medidas angulares foram significativamente maiores no lado afetado e o comprimento do ramo mandibular do lado n?o afetado pela MHF foi maior do que no grupo controle. Este tipo de padr?o de crescimento pode estar associado a compensa??es ?sseas na mand?bula de indiv?duos com MHF (artigo 2). No estudo que abordou altera??es dento-esqueletais raras, foram apresentadas diferentes abordagens para tratamento ortod?ntico das FEP em adultos e crian?as (artigo 3). Deformidades faciais e dento-esqueletais raras podem promover altera??es anat?micas complexas em diferentes estruturas craniofaciais. Dependendo da severidade da condi??o, o impacto nos aspectos funcionais e est?ticos dos indiv?duos acometidos pode ser significativo e de dif?cil tratamento.

Submitted by PPG Medicina e Ci?ncias da Sa?de (medicina-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-05-04T19:10:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 B?RBARA_FREIBERGER_SCHAEFER.pdf: 1176504 bytes, checksum: 78558bd375bc4c7f9afcb46a36c0d9a9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2018-05-14T12:54:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 B?RBARA_FREIBERGER_SCHAEFER.pdf: 1176504 bytes, checksum: 78558bd375bc4c7f9afcb46a36c0d9a9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-14T12:59:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 B?RBARA_FREIBERGER_SCHAEFER.pdf: 1176504 bytes, checksum: 78558bd375bc4c7f9afcb46a36c0d9a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-26 / Introduction: The medical interview is fundamental for the approximation and recognition of the patient, and the physical examination usually increases the diagnostic possibility in the investigation. Technological development and immense diagnostic possibilities through complementary examinations have led to the idea of lesser importance of anamnesis and physical examination. Objective: To evaluate the undergraduate medical student's ability to perform a correct clinical diagnosis, from the presentation of clinical cases with information only from anamnesis or anamnesis and clinical examination together, without complementary exams. Methodology: A cross-sectional, exploratory study with quantitative data analysis of four clinical cases (two with isolated anamnesis and two with anamnesis and physical examination) answered by the students as a teaching task of the Medical Clinic discipline, with 97 academics from the School of Medicine of PUCRS from 2016 to 2017. Results: The findings showed that the majority of the students who participated in the study were female (54 subjects - 55.7%), predominantly white (94 - 96.9%), on average of 24.1 (+ 2.3) years old, having correctly determined 177 diagnoses (45.62%) in the first hypothesis. There was a significant difference (p <0.001) when compared the number of correct diagnosis in clinical cases with isolated anamnesis 108 (55.6%) to those with anamnesis and physical examination 69 (35.6%). Conclusion: It was verified that, for the undergraduate medical students of the fourth year from the School of Medicine, the correct answers in the first diagnosis were more frequent and with statistical significance, when clinical cases with isolated anamnesis were offered than when it was offered anamnesis and physical examination. / Introdu??o: A entrevista m?dica ? fundamental para a aproxima??o e reconhecimento do paciente, e o exame f?sico, habitualmente, aumenta a possibilidade diagn?stica na investiga??o. O desenvolvimento tecnol?gico e as imensas possibilidades diagn?sticas atrav?s dos exames complementares t?m levado ? ideia de menor import?ncia da anamnese e exame f?sico. Objetivo: Avaliar o n?mero de ocorr?ncias de diagn?sticos etiol?gicos adequados a partir da Anamnese e Exame F?sico, sem exames complementares, realizados por acad?micos do curso de gradua??o em Medicina. Metodologia: Estudo explorat?rio, transversal, com an?lise quantitativa dos dados, a partir de quatro casos cl?nicos (dois com anamnese isolada e dois com anamnese mais exame f?sico) preenchidos pelos alunos como tarefa de ensino aprendizagem da disciplina de Cl?nica M?dica, com 97 acad?micos de medicina da Escola de Medicina da PUCRS, no ano de 2016 e 2017. Resultados: Os achados evidenciaram que a maior parte dos acad?micos participantes do estudo eram do sexo feminino 54 (55,7%), predominantemente da ra?a branca 94 (96,9%), tinham em m?dia 24,1 (+ 2,3) anos, e que acertaram 177 diagn?sticos (45,62%) na primeira hip?tese. Houve diferen?a significativa (p<0,001) quando comparado o n?mero de acertos no diagn?stico em casos cl?nicos com anamnese isolada 108 (55,6%) comparado com aqueles com anamnese mais o exame f?sico 69 (35,6%). Conclus?o: Verificou-se que, para alunos de medicina do quarto ano de gradua??o da escola m?dica, os acertos com o primeiro diagn?stico foram mais frequentes e com signific?ncia estat?stica quando eram oferecidos casos cl?nicos com anamnese isoladamente do que quando se oferecia anamnese mais o exame f?sico.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-04T11:45:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo_Sergio_Marcellos.pdf: 643423 bytes, checksum: 7526aa56f77575db29c63d24f4f0fc76 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-08-22 / The work presented discusses the problems that are being faced by a new form of trade, e-commerce, also known as electronic commerce. Analyzed is the taxation exercised by the State and which taxes extant in Brazil from the time of discovery to current times. Initially, this work approaches the operation of the Internet, in a non-profound way, to understand the different characteristics that involve electronic commerce. The problem of the taxation of access providers to the Internet is approached to define if they are providers of communication services, or of services of any nature. It explores the possibility of tributary non-incidence with relationship to e-commerce. Also analyzed are the access providers, which have the same privileges to the relative secrets of communications that are constitutionally protected and this work studies whether the providers be obligated to furnish the information necessary to characterize the fundamental elements of facts generated of the taxes due and the information necessary in that sense. The current situation of e-commerce in Brazil, in the United States of America, and the difficulties and the progress achieved by the work groups of OECD are commented, as well as the progress that was achieved by the countries that compose the European Union concerning the intangibles sold on the Internet through download. The necessities that will make electronic transactions safe via the Internet: confidentiality; integrity; readiness; legitimacy; and non-disclaimer, will also be analyzed. The work is positioned in relation to the importance of the taxation of the assets/services digitally sold and the relevant participation of the tributary agent also performing in the analysis part of the computer science structure, collecting digital information and comparing log files among the parts that participate in the transactions. It is concluded by the new profile of tributary agents in the face of a globalized world without physical borders, through which products, services and knowledge are transacted in the form of bits, with relation to their taxation. / O presente trabalho discute os problemas que est??o sendo enfrentados pela nova forma de com??rcio, o e-commerce, tamb??m conhecido como com??rcio eletr??nico. Analisa como a tributa????o era exercida pelo Estado e quais os tributos existentes no Brasil desde a ??poca do nosso descobrimento at?? os dias atuais. Inicialmente aborda o funcionamento da Internet, de um modo n??o profundo, para que se entendam as diferentes caracter??sticas que envolvem o com??rcio eletr??nico. O problema da tributa????o dos provedores de acesso ?? Internet ?? abordado para definir se s??o prestadores de servi??o de comunica????o ou de servi??os de qualquer natureza. Explora a possibilidade da n??o-incid??ncia tribut??ria com rela????o ao tipo e-commerce. Analisa se os provedores de acesso t??m os mesmos privil??gios relativos ao sigilo das comunica????es que s??o protegidas constitucionalmente e estuda se os provedores ser??o obrigados a fornecer informa????es necess??rias ?? caracteriza????o dos elementos fundamentais dos fatos geradores dos tributos devidos e as informa????es necess??rias nesse sentido. A situa????o atual do e-commerce no Brasil, nos Estados Unidos da Am??rica, suas dificuldades e os avan??os conseguidos pelos grupos de trabalho da OECD s??o comentados, assim como os progressos que foram conseguidos pelos pa??ses que comp??em a Uni??o Europ??ia concernentes aos intang??veis comercializados pela Internet atrav??s de download. As exig??ncias que tornar??o seguras as transa????es eletr??nicas via Internet: confidencialidade, integridade, disponibilidade, legitimidade, e n??o-rep??dio, que ser??o tamb??m analisadas. O trabalho posiciona-se em rela????o ?? import??ncia da tributa????o dos bens/servi??os comercializados digitalmente e quanto ?? relevante participa????o do fiscal tribut??rio atuando tamb??m na parte de an??lise da estrutura de inform??tica, circularizando informa????es digitais e comparando logs file entre as partes que participam das transa????es. Concluiu-se em rela????o ao novo perfil dos agentes de fiscaliza????o tribut??ria em face de um mundo globalizado, sem fronteiras f??sicas e que transacionam produtos, servi??os e conhecimento em forma de bits e sua tributa????o.

Submitted by Elba Lopes (elba.lopes@fecap.br) on 2016-02-04T16:27:41Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Eduardo_Antonio_Stanisci_Pedro.pdf: 480497 bytes, checksum: 4ea5a6b0b6415717ef78f1afe7adc15a (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-04T16:27:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Eduardo_Antonio_Stanisci_Pedro.pdf: 480497 bytes, checksum: 4ea5a6b0b6415717ef78f1afe7adc15a (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-06-09 / This research was done in order to help organizations, investors and managers to analyze the main market trends that influence them whenever it's necessary to make certain economic decisions that may cause a significant impact, when it's about such an interesting subject as e-commerce, that each day has been more and more discussed and spread quickly through the world. But, on the other hand, it doesn't have enough parameters that allow establishing rules for its analysis. In order to do a research about virtual commerce against traditional commerce, a powerful tool of management accountancy was used, that is a budgetary planning to improve the management process, covering both planning and results control. To reach this goal, the following things were detailed: merchandise budgetary phases (sale, logistics, purchase), expenses' and investments' budgets that happen between the two types of commerce, since the elaboration and preparation of the budgetary planning. The conceptual and technical differences of the operational and capital budget were explained through this budgetary process. And so the following processes were identified: the convergence and divergence of sales, logistics, expenses, capital investment and strategic planning processes between the traditional and virtual commerce. To obtain the aimed result, the hypothetic-inferential method was used with the formulation of presupposed ideas, which were tested along the research and evaluated through the exploration and examples of certain situations. All this resulted in an investigation capable to discover and analyze the technical and conceptual differences of the company's budget, and also the convergence and divergence existing in the budget's phases between the two types of commerce. The study result was very significant, as it was possible to point the innumerous technical and conceptual differences in the budget elaboration in all phases. It also showed a lot of convergence and divergence along the process that characterize both the traditional and the virtual commerce. As a consequence, the success was reached because the work could express the main relevant points to be considered between the two types of commerce and this way, to improve the company's view of those who are willing to ingress in the virtual world, without forgetting important concepts of the traditional world. / Este estudo explorat??rio visa contribuir com as organiza????es, investidores e gestores no sentido de auxili??-los a avaliar as principais tend??ncias mercadol??gicas que os influenciam, no momento em que seja necess??rio tomar determinadas decis??es econ??micas que possam causar um impacto significativo, quando se tratar de um assunto instigante como ?? o com??rcio eletr??nico, que a cada dia se torna mais discutido e difundido, mas que ainda n??o possui par??metros que permitam o estabelecimento de regras para sua an??lise. Com o prop??sito de pesquisar o com??rcio virtual em face do com??rcio tradicional, foi utilizada esta poderosa ferramenta da contabilidade gerencial, o or??amento empresarial, para tornar eficaz a execu????o do processo de gest??o, compreendendo tanto o planejamento quanto o controle de resultados. Para conseguir este objetivo, foram detalhadas as fases do or??amento de mercadorias (vendas e log??stica), o or??amento de despesas e de investimentos que ocorrem entre os dois tipos de com??rcio, quando da elabora????o e prepara????o do planejamento or??ament??rio. Foi atrav??s da utiliza????o do processo or??ament??rio que foram relatadas as diferen??as t??cnicas e conceituais do or??amento operacional e de capital, como tamb??m foram identificadas as converg??ncias e diverg??ncias dos processos de vendas, log??sticas, despesas, investimentos de capital e do planejamento estrat??gico entre o com??rcio tradicional e o com??rcio virtual. Para obter o resultado desejado utilizou-se o m??todo hipot??tico-dedutivo com a formula????o de pressupostos, que no decorrer da pesquisa, foram testados e avaliados a partir da explora????o e exemplifica????o de determinadas situa????es, que resultaram em uma investiga????o capaz de descobrir e analisar as diferen??as t??cnicas e conceituais do or??amento empresarial, e as converg??ncias e diverg??ncias existentes nas fases do or??amento entre os dois tipos de com??rcio. O resultado da pesquisa foi bastante significativo, pois conseguiu apontar em todas as etapas, in??meras diferen??as t??cnicas e conceituais quando da elabora????o do or??amento e mostrar v??rias converg??ncias e diverg??ncias no decorrer do processo que caracterizam tanto o com??rcio tradicional quanto o com??rcio virtual e por conseq????ncia, o ??xito maior foi alcan??ado, pois o trabalho conseguiu expressar as principais relev??ncias a serem consideradas entre os dois tipos de com??rcio e com isso melhorar a vis??o empresarial daqueles que desejam ingressar no mundo virtual, sem deixar de lado importantes conceitos do mundo tradicional.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:29:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Eduardo Benzoni.pdf: 990162 bytes, checksum: 2c656c2ab7fb5cf260410fddc0640b12 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-13 / The stress field has been studied so much where data have demonstrated that in average, more than half of the population of big cities present stress. Stress comes from inner factors (vulnerabilities) and outer ones (environment demands), however, when it is worked on the treatment area itself, it has been observed that some individuals present a sort of persistent behavior which take them to be involved in stressful situations. It is regarded as Lipp nominated: Lives Themes. It is presented on this term a purpose of diagnosis and enlargement of the concept on Lives Themes, grounded on the cognitivebehavioral approach. It was also developed a theorist model of cognitive basis that could explain the problematic of lives themes on chronic stress, such model purposes the individual once attracted by a discriminative stimulus, he activates a scheme which figures out the reality, stirring a sort of inappropriate behavior that takes him to get involved in a stressful situation once there is no appropriate audience of coping , it comes up stress and everything is explained by a belief. Nine participants were evaluated, all of them on chronic stress, where there were five from a physiotherapy clinic-school and others from a psychotherapy private office, all of them under physical and psychological illnesses. They were evaluated through a semi-structured interview, Inventory on Stress Symptoms for adults by Lipp, Inventory of Life and Questionnaires of Schemes by Young. It was made from the purposed theorist model, a model of conceptualization on the Lives Themes, from which all the cases were studied and evaluated. The group s analysis let us to identify the self-sacrifice schemes and inflexible standards as the strongest (hardest) ones and the failure scheme as the weakest one, what enabled to infer that people under chronic stress tend to turn to others, with top-high goals and do not accept failures. It was also observed the presence of factors of behavior and parenthood practices on the development of maladaptative initial schemes which seem to fit the retraced standards of stress, and furthermore, it was also identified the broken (inappropriate) learning of strategies of coping , which turns more difficult the individual under Lives Themes, get rid of this stressful situation, as well as the presence of a discriminative stimulus which stirs the retraced standards of behavior that takes the individual to stressful situations. Finally, it was confirmed the presence of dysfunctional belief that justifies for the individual his situation of being involved constantly in the same stressful situation. The results pointed for the maintenance of the initial hypothesis purposed on the Lives Themes, as well as corroborated for the theorist model purposed. / A ?rea de stress tem sido muito estudada, dados demonstram que em m?dia, mais da metade da popula??o das grandes cidades brasileiras apresentam stress. O stress adv?m de fatores internos (vulnerabilidades) e externos (demandas do ambiente), por?m, quando se trabalha na ?rea de tratamento do mesmo, observa-se que alguns indiv?duos apresentam um padr?o de comportamento persistente que os levam a se envolverem em situa??es estressoras, trata-se do que Lipp denominou de Temas de Vida. Apresenta-se neste trabalho uma proposta de diagn?stico e amplia??o do conceito de temas de vida fundamentada na abordagem cognitivo-comportamental. Desenvolveu-se um modelo te?rico de base cognitiva que pudesse explicar a problem?tica de temas de vida no stress cr?nico, tal modelo prop?e que o indiv?duo atra?do por um est?mulo discriminativo ativa um esquema que interpreta a realidade, acionando um padr?o de comportamento inadequado que o leva a envolver-se na situa??o estressora; n?o havendo repert?rio adequado de coping, surge stress e tudo ? explicado por uma cren?a. Foram avaliados nove participantes, todos com stress cr?nico, sendo cinco de uma cl?nica escola de fisioterapia e quatro de um consult?rio particular de psicoterapia, todos com comorbidades f?sicas e psicol?gicas comuns ao stress cr?nico. Os participantes foram avaliados por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada, Invent?rio de Sintomas de stress para Adultos de Lipp, Invent?rio de Qualidade de Vida e Question?rio de Esquemas de Young. Elaborou-se, a partir do modelo te?rico proposto, um modelo de conceitualiza??o de casos de temas de vida, a partir do qual todos os casos estudados foram avaliados. A analise do grupo permitiu identificar os esquemas de auto-sacrif?cio e padr?es inflex?veis como os mais fortes e o esquema de fracasso como mais fraco o que possibilitou inferir que as pessoas com stress cr?nico tendem a voltar-se aos outros, com metas muito altas e n?o admitem fracasso. Observou-se a presen?a de fatores de temperamento e de pr?ticas parentais no desenvolvimento de esquemas iniciais desadaptativos que parecem modular os padr?es recorrentes de stress observados, al?m disso, identificou-se a aprendizagem inadequada de estrat?gias de coping, que dificultam o indiv?duo com temas de vida sair da situa??o estressora, bem como a presen?a de um est?mulo discriminativo que aciona o padr?o recorrente de comportamento que leva o indiv?duo a situa??es estressoras. Finalmente, confirmou-se a presen?a de uma cren?a disfuncional que justifica para o indiv?duo a sua situa??o de envolver-se constantemente nas mesmas situa??es de stress. Os resultados apontaram para sustenta??o das hip?teses iniciais propostas na teoria de temas de vida, bem como corroboraram o modelo te?rico proposto.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:34:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 467145.pdf: 89016 bytes, checksum: 3f7fa8686ae1bca3bf61200d776d493e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-17 / The society is adapting to a new reality: the technologic revolution, more specifically to the informatics revolution with the internet era. At the current context, it is noticed changes on the judicial scene, because the law must adapt to this new culture, not only regulating the new situations occurring because of these new technologies, as well as using them. On what encloses the process it is possible to notice several meaningful changes, mainly with the new lawsuit model, called electronic lawsuit. At a first glance it looks like the electronic lawsuit only changes the formal elements of the lawsuit, going from paper to virtual, simply with the idea of digitalization. But reality points to other side and, what is noticed is that not only formal aspects are part of this new reality and, yes, there is a material meaning behind the electronic lawsuit that changes or could change the procedural principles, therefore the essence of the lawsuit is in its full mutation. Impartiality principles, reasonable duration of the lawsuit and territoriality, among others, suffer changes, others not too much, but in the future may appear. On what concerns the territoriality principles, it can be said that with the electronic lawsuit occurs the un materialization of the files and it reflects directly on the idea of territorial limits, the traditional rules of competence are modified and confer to the judge bigger powers. On labor justice, mainly, it is noticed in several cases, for example the online garnishment that allows the debtor s bills block on national territory, not mentioning that quotations and summons are each time more in disuse. In other words, with this new tool, allowing, including, that the judge accesses the lawsuit from wherever he is, it is evident that the electronic lawsuit involves a new meaning on the way of thinking of lawsuits. / A sociedade est? se adaptando a uma nova realidade: ? revolu??o tecnol?gica, mais especificamente a revolu??o da inform?tica com a era da internet. Nesse contexto, percebem-se tamb?m mudan?as no cen?rio jur?dico, pois o Direito deve se adaptar a esta nova cultura, n?o apenas regulamentando as novas situa??es que acontecem, devido a essas novas tecnologias, como tamb?m utilizando-as. No que tange ao processo trabalhista, ? poss?vel perceber mudan?as significativas, principalmente com o novo modelo de processo, chamado de processo eletr?nico. Em um primeiro momento parece que o processo eletr?nico apenas modifica os elementos formais do processo, passando do papel para o virtual, simplesmente com a ideia de digitaliza??o. Mas a realidade aponta para outro lado e, o que se nota, ? que n?o apenas aspectos formais fazem parte dessa nova realidade, mas sim que existe um sentido material por tr?s do processo eletr?nico que altera ou poder? alterar os princ?pios processuais, ou seja, a ess?ncia do processo est? em plena muta??o. Princ?pios da imparcialidade, razo?vel dura??o do processo e territorialidade, dentre outros, sofrem mudan?as, algumas j? f?ceis de constatar como a maior celeridade do processo, outras nem tanto, mas que no futuro poder?o aparecer. No que tange ao princ?pio da territorialidade, pode-se dizer que com o processo eletr?nico ocorre a desmaterializa??o dos autos e isso reflete diretamente na ideia de limites territoriais; as regras tradicionais de compet?ncia se modificam e conferem ao juiz maiores poderes, eis que sua atua??o n?o est? mais limitada ao seu territ?rio (limite da jurisdi??o: compet?ncia territorial, com crit?rios geogr?ficos). Na Justi?a do Trabalho, principalmente, isso j? ? notado em v?rios casos como, por exemplo, na chamada penhora online que permite o bloqueio de contas do devedor em todo territ?rio nacional, sem contar que cita??es e intima??es est?o cada vez mais em desuso. Em outras palavras, com essa nova ferramenta, permitindo, inclusive, que o juiz acesse o processo de onde quer que esteja, fica evidente que o processo eletr?nico acarreta um novo sentido na maneira de se pensar o processo, notoriamente a quest?o espacial do processo do trabalho e os limites de atua??o do judici?rio, quando atrelados ao territ?rio em que lotado o juiz ou vinculado o processo.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:34:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 390730.pdf: 133853 bytes, checksum: ffb5b104b5dc4c67ce56423288e0c162 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-27 / O fen?meno da globaliza??o ocorrido na ordem mundial proporcionou profundas modifica??es nas rela??es sociais, atingindo tamb?m a esfera jur?dica. A revolu??o cibern?tica fez com que os meios de comunica??o ficassem mais r?pidos, eficazes, de forma que se possibilitou, atrav?s de poucos segundos, a troca de informa??es entre os mais distantes lugares do mundo. Tais informa??es refletiram no mundo jur?dico, pois ante a aus?ncia de previs?o legal para disciplinar as situa??es novas surgidas pela inform?tica, fez-se necess?rio a aten??o dos operadores do direito para a constru??o de normas, bem como para forma??o da jurisprud?ncia, no intuito de normatizar o fen?meno. Cada vez mais s?o constantes os casos ocorridos nas empresas de empregados despedidos e punidos pelo uso indevido da internet e do correio eletr?nico. Ao mesmo tempo em que se aplicam os direitos constitucionais da inviolabilidade das correspond?ncias, da privacidade e da intimidade do trabalhador no ambiente de trabalho, o poder diretivo e o direito de propriedade do empregador s?o direitos indissoci?veis da rela??o de emprego. Da mesma forma que o poder de dire??o n?o pode justificar o desrespeito ? privacidade do trabalhador, impedindo o exerc?cio da liberdade de express?o do empregado, em verdadeiro abuso de direito, a garantia dos direitos fundamentais n?o deve servir para viabilizar o comentimento de irregularidades pelo obreiro. Dessa maneira, ser? necess?rio examinar as circunst?ncias em que o monitoramento do e-mail pelo empregador ser? realizado no ambiente laboral a fim de determinar a legalidade de tal processo