Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-03-03T14:43:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 giseleambrosiogomes.pdf: 800875 bytes, checksum: 3f6ad213dc25259234888561bdc36f04 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-03-06T20:16:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 giseleambrosiogomes.pdf: 800875 bytes, checksum: 3f6ad213dc25259234888561bdc36f04 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-06T20:16:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 giseleambrosiogomes.pdf: 800875 bytes, checksum: 3f6ad213dc25259234888561bdc36f04 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-26 / Através dos periódicos da imprensa feminina que surgiram entre as décadas de 1820 e 1840 em Minas Gerais, Pernambuco e Rio de Janeiro - O Espelho Diamantino, O Mentor das Brasileiras, Espelho das Brasileiras, A Mulher do Simplício, A Filha Única da Mulher do Simplicio e A Mineira no Rio de Janeiro - a dissertação tem como objetivo geral analisar as diferentes representações do feminino no Brasil na primeira metade do século XIX. Num contexto marcado pelo fortalecimento da opinião pública e pela gestação de uma nova cultura política, a imprensa feminina favoreceu a difusão de uma educação política e moral, fortemente baseada no ideário e nos valores liberais, que acabou por legitimar a imagem feminina adequada para atuar na esfera privada e auxiliar na luta pela nação independente em construção. Tratava-se de oferecer às mulheres, portanto, os princípios necessários para exercerem os seus papéis de exemplares mães, esposas e patriotas. / Through of the journals of the women’s press that emerged in the decades between 1820 and 1840 in Minas Gerais, Pernambuco and Rio de Janeiro – O Espelho Diamantino, O Mentor das Brasileiras, Espelho das Brasileiras, A mulher do Simplicio, A Filha Unica da Mulher do Simplicio e A Mineira no Rio de Janeiro – the general thesis aims to analyze the different representations of women in Brazil in the first half of the nineteenth century. In a context marked by the strengthening of the public opinion and the gestation of a new political culture, the women’s press helped the spread of a political and moral education, strongly based on liberal ideals and values, which ultimately legitimize female image appropriate to act in privacy and help in the fight fon an independent nation in construction. It was offered to women, therefore, the necessary principles to act like mothers, wives and patriots.

Beethoven’s tempo indications have been the subject of much scholarly debate, but a coherent understanding of his intended tempos has not yet emerged. There are several reasons for this. Firstly, some of the discussion has been based on unreliable sources, or an unrepresentative sample of sources. Secondly, the substantial differences between tempo preferences in the early nineteenth century and now has made these tempo indications difficult to approach for musicians in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Thirdly, discussions of Beethoven’s tempo have typically focussed on works in one particular genre. This thesis overcomes these limitations by incorporating all of Beethoven’s works, and rooting the whole research in a wide variety of sources from the eighteenth and nineteenth century that have a plausible relationship with Beethoven’s practice. In particular the metronome marks by Beethoven, as well as those from his close contemporaries Carl Czerny, Ignaz Moscheles, and Karl Holz, provide great insight into the composer’s sense of tempo. By using as many sources on Beethoven’s tempo as possible, this approach makes reasonable estimations of the actual speeds that Beethoven had in mind for his works. Furthermore, it also allows an exploration of the musical intuitions that are the root cause of these speeds.

This thesis explores the late-nineteenth century partnership between Bradford worsted manufacturers the Briggs brothers and the German merchant Ernst Posselt, and their subsequent foreign direct investment in a modern factory and workers’ community at Marki, near Warsaw, in Russian Poland. Protectionism and increasing foreign competition are discussed, among many complex economic pressures on British industry, as likely catalysts for this enterprise and the general historiography of the Polish lands is explored to reveal a climate of extraordinary opportunity for well-capitalised foreign industrialists in this period. This thesis provides fresh perspective on the role of the consular service in facilitating British foreign enterprise and, in context of the Bradford partners’ strategy for local integration through social networking and religious affiliation, presents unique findings regarding the character and operations of Warsaw’s elite commercial community in the late-nineteenth century. Through the development and domination of market and raw materials sources, this venture is shown to have monopolised worsted manufacture in the Russian Empire, using state of the art technology to create, and modern marketing techniques to promote, its product range and evolving image. Aspects of British and Polish social history are compared to assess the efficacy of introducing the model-community concept, in combination with a radical employment policy, to less industrially-developed Russian Poland. The instrumentality of an expatriate community of skilled Yorkshire foremen in diffusing British industrial technology throughout the Russian Empire is described, against a backdrop of political instability and social upheaval which dramatically impacted on business behaviour after 1905.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This essay analyzes the social experiences of autonomy, freedom and survival of the captives a region characterized by European immigration, Germans and Italians. Contemplating the captive as an agent within the slave system, emphasis will be given to moments of conflict and crime, with the valuation of judiciary and police documents produced, in which they appear as defendants, victims or witnesses, interpreting the existing social relations between different subjects inhabited the central region of the former province of Rio Grande de São Pedro, the current Rio Grande do Sul, mainly in the town of Cachoeira, in the late nineteenth century (1870- 1888), demonstrating their longings, their ties of solidarity and conflicts with free men and free, in a constant struggle between slavery and freedom. For both processes will resort to crime in pursuit of understanding the history of slavery. These sources used in a qualitative offer us the possibility of contact with the daily life of slaves in the slave society, contributing to the debate on the line of research, Frontier, Integration and Policy in History from the Federal University of Santa Maria. / O presente trabalho analisa as experiências sociais de autonomia, sobrevivência e liberdade dos cativos, numa região caracterizada pela imigração europeia, alemães e italianos. Contemplando o cativo como agente dentro do sistema escravista, o destaque será dado aos momentos de conflito e crime, com a valorização dos documentos judiciários e policiais gerados, nos quais aparecem como réus, ofendidos ou testemunhas, interpretando as relações sociais existentes entre diferentes sujeitos que habitaram a região central da Antiga Província do Rio Grande de São Pedro, atual Rio Grande do Sul, sobretudo, no município de Cachoeira, no final século XIX (1870-1888), demonstrando seus anseios, seus laços de solidariedades e conflitos com homens livres e libertos, numa constante luta entre a escravidão e a liberdade. Para tanto recorreremos aos processos crime na busca de entendermos a história da escravidão. Essas fontes utilizadas de forma qualitativa nos oferecem a possibilidade de um contato com o cotidiano dos cativos dentro da sociedade escravista, contribuindo para o debate na linha de pesquisa Fronteira, Integração e Política do Mestrado em História da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria.

Les représentations de la Bohémienne dans la littérature française du XIXe siècle sont le résultat d’une présence scénique assez ancienne en France, sous la forme des personnages de la commedia dell’arte. Les circonstances historiques et socio-culturelles des deux pays ont ajouté de nouvelles fonctions à ce personnage. Depuis les plus anciennes images des personnages des contes merveilleux et jusqu’au roman qui lui offre des perspectives diverses, la Tsigane se remarque par son exotisme, étant une figure de l’altérité. L’étrangeté de ce personnage apparaît dès qu’on analyse les ethnonymes européens, très divers et signifiant une origine supposée ou légendaire. Dans l’espace linguistique roumain il existe une variété de surnoms et de noms signifiant des métiers ou des traditions interprétées par ce peuple, certains noms représentant aussi des marques de l’ironie ou de rejet social. Nous avons considéré utile de commencer par l’étude des noms pour continuer avec une analyse par genres littéraires. Ainsi, les Bohémiennes des ballets et des romans d’aventures surprennent le lecteur par le mélange de bien et de mal dans leurs actions. Leur caractère d’initiatrices est présent dans la plupart des ballets. Les Bohémiennes interviennent dans le conflit initial, offrant une solution et leur intrusion est révélatrice pour les autres personnages. Les romans d’aventures spéculent le caractère duel du personnage, popularisant les motifs du déguisement et de l’enfant enlevé et retrouvé. La Tsigane y opère une transformation des autres personnages et impose une réflexion à la liberté et à la vérité sociale. Les personnages se déguisent en Bohémienne pour échapper aux restrictions ou aux poursuites. Nous avons analysé les images de la Tsigane dans les textes littéraires roumains du début du XIXe siècle et surtout des décennies 1830-1860. L’hypothèse d’un personnage à fonction de symbole idéologique s’en est détachée. La Tsigane y est une voix des oppressés, une image de la misère mais aussi une métaphore du changement et du progrès. Elle fait partie des manifestations d’un mouvement subversif dirigé par des intellectuels pro-occidentaux. Dans la même période où la Bohémienne est pleinement représentée dans les arts romantiques français, la Tsigane apparaît elle aussi dans les premiers textes des auteurs roumains. Elle devient peu à peu une figure de la révolte. Les images de la Tsigane-Bohémienne dans les deux littératures sont une preuve de l’influence française sur la génération des intellectuels roumains de la moitié du XIXe siècle. Elles montrent aussi une synchronisation entre les deux littératures, résultat des efforts extraordinaires de cette élite formée presque entièrement en France. / The representations of Gypsies in the French and the Romanian literature of the nineteenth century are part of a romantic cultural movement. Since the oldest images, the characters of fairy tales and the ballets, to novel that offers them various perspectives, the Gypsy is noted for its exoticism, being a figure of otherness. The literary representations of the nineteenth century are an extension of the old collective images. The characters of Romanian literature further illustrate the ancestral types of the woman blacksmith, and the mythical image of Isis exists in both literatures. The gypsy ballet and adventure novels surprise the reader by the mixture of good and evil in their actions. Their initiation function is present in most of the ballets. The Gypsy women are involved in the initial conflict, offering a solution. The adventure novels speculate the dual nature of the character, proliferating the grounds of disguise and of the children abducted and found after several years. The Gypsy also operates there a change of the other characters and places the reflection on freedom and social truth. The characters disguise themselves into Bohemians to escape the restrictions or prosecution. The images of Gypsies in the Romanian literary texts from the early nineteenth century and especially in the decades from 1830 to 1860 sustain the hypothesis of a subversive character. The Gypsy woman is chosen to speak the social truth, being a face of misery but also a symbol of change and of progress in the cultural movement led by the generations of pro-Western intellectuals. She is one of the voices of the oppressed and gradually becomes a figure of revolt. In the same period that the Gypsy is everywhere in the French romantic arts, she also appears in the first texts of the Romanian authors. This proove the French influence on the young Romanian generation. It also shows a synchronization between the two literatures, the result of the extraordinary efforts made by this elite formed almost entirely in France.

This thesis explores the representation of Victorian masculinity in the Boy's Own Paper. While the Boy's Own Paper (1879-1967) is widely recognised as being one of the most successful juvenile periodicals of the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries there remains very little critical analysis on the publication’s literature. This thesis aims to contribute to the advancement of the study of nineteenth-century juvenile periodicals by providing the first in-depth textual study of the Boy's Own Paper. Focusing on the Boy's Own Paper during George Andrew Hutchison’s editorship (1879-1913), this project brings together masculinities studies and current research on nineteenth-century periodicals. By examining the reoccurring themes of masculinity in the Boy's Own Paper, this study reveals how the Boy's Own Paper struggled to balance Christian beliefs, changing social demands, and growing imperial objectives. Each chapter delivers a close reading of selected texts ranging from illustrated fictional stories written by leading authors of the day, such as G. A. Henty and Talbot Baines Reed, to letters sent to the editor by Christian missionaries living overseas. The first chapter outlines the editorial practices of Hutchison and addresses the publication’s implied readership. Chapter 2 examines physical masculinity as explored through the paper’s representation of the schoolboy and the athlete as national hero-figures. The relationship between masculinity, self-help, and philanthropy is studied in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 analyses how the racial stereotypes featured within the Boy's Own Paper perpetuated the ideologies of British masculine superiority. Finally, Chapter 5 broadens the study of gender by addressing the participation and representation of female contributors and characters. I conclude by considering the future of Boy's Own Paper research and the implications of periodicals studies in the digital age. In doing so, this study offers a holistic and up-to-date reading of the Boy's Own Paper.

La présente étude porte sur la pratique du genre de la tragédie classique au XIXe siècle, en particulier sous la Restauration et la Monarchie de Juillet. Ce qui nous intéresse, ce sont les développements les plus tardifs du genre tragique en France, genre dont nous documentons l’évolution et le déclin progressif au cours de la première moitié du XIXe siècle, c’est-à-dire jusqu’à sa disparition des théâtres français, qui a lieu autour de 1850. En nous basant sur un corpus de quatre-vingt pièces, nous essayons de brosser un tableau complet de la tragédie et des auteurs tragiques de la Restauration et de la Monarchie de Juillet, ou plus exactement des quarante années comprises entre 1814 et 1854. Conçu comme l’étude d’un code littéraire, ce travail s’articule en deux parties : dans la première, nous définissons le code tragique post-napoléonien sur la base des constantes formelles qui le caractérisent, en montrant l’évolution que le genre connaît des points de vue stylistique, structurel et plus strictement dramaturgique ; dans une seconde partie, nous examinons les constantes thématiques de ce code, en étudiant les stratégies par lesquelles la tragédie transpose, à travers les sujets historiques fortement allusifs qu’elle traite, les grandes problématiques politico-sociales de son temps. En documentant la continuité qui existe entre cette tragédie tardive et le drame romantique, nous cherchons enfin à valoriser les pièces de notre corpus et à mettre en évidence leurs traits modernes, ce qui nous conduit à rechercher les raisons de la persistance d’un genre traditionnel comme la tragédie classique et les facteurs qui déterminent sa revitalisation au XIXe siècle. / This study concerns the practice of the genre of classical tragedy in the nineteenth century, particularly during the Restoration and the July Monarchy. It focuses on the last developments of tragedy in France and documents the evolution and the progressive decline of this genre during the first half of the nineteenth century; that is until its disappearance from French theatres, which took place around 1850. By considering a corpus of eighty plays, this work aims to give a clear picture of the tragic genre and tragic authors of the Restoration and the July Monarchy, or more exactly of the forty years from 1814 to 1854. This work is conceived as the study of a literary code and is divided into two parts: in the first part, we try to define the tragic code of the post-Napoleonic era on the basis of the formal constants which characterise it, showing the evolution of the stylistic, structural and dramaturgic features of tragedy. In the second part, we look at the thematic constants of this code, studying the strategies that tragedy uses to transpose – through the historical and highly allusive subjects that it treats – the principal social and political problems of its time. Finally, by showing the continuity which exists between the declining tragic genre and the romantic drama, we try to valorise the texts in our corpus and to underline their modern features. This leads us to look for the reasons behind the persistence of a traditional genre like the classical tragedy and for the factors which revitalise it in the nineteenth century.

anos 1882 e 1891. Por meio de catálogos e pesquisa de campo junto a acervos e coleções, procuramos fazer o levantamento de obras do pintor nesse período. A análise das paisagens foi realizada buscando apreender a percepção do artista em relação aos espaços representados. Em diálogo com a fenomenologia, foram utilizados como articulação teórica a noção de conversibilidade de Merleau-Ponty, o conceito de metaxu como explicado por Emanuele Coccia, e, ainda, a relação entre paisagem in visu e paisagem in situ proposta por Anne Cauquelin. A produção de Caron é contextualizada em sua época, sendo considerados os possíveis diálogos com artistas que lhe eram contemporâneos. Desse modo, ao refletir sobre sua pintura de paisagem, refletimos sobre esse gênero também no âmbito da arte brasileira do século XIX. / between the years 1882 and 1891. Through catalogs and field research with collections, we sought to survey the painter's works during that period. The analysis of the landscapes was carried out seeking to apprehend the perception of the artist in relation to the spaces represented. In dialogue with phenomenology, the notion of convertibility of Merleau-Ponty, the concept of metaxu as explained by Emanuele Coccia, and the relation between in visu and in situ landscape proposed by Anne Cauquelin were used as theoretical articulation. The production of Caron is contextualized in his time, being considered the possible dialogues with artists that were him contemporaries. Thus, in considering on his landscape painting, we think over this genre also in the context of nineteenth-century Brazilian art.

Cette recherche a pour objectif de faire émerger l’essence d’Ophélie, au sein de la poésie et de la vie d’Emily Dickinson. Fondés sur une étude comparative d’Emily Dickinson et des représentations d’Ophélie, ces travaux mettent en exergue l’influence indéniable qu’a eue ce personnage dit ‘mineur’ sur la poésie et l’imaginaire du poète, ainsi que son rôle ‘majeur’ sur elle et sur son art. Jean-Luc Nancy explique qu’il existe un point où l’image non-figurative peut elle aussi exister. Il s’agit du point où image et texte fusionnent, où les frontières se brouillent : On parle alors d’un sens à l’essence. Il s’exprime ici dans la force qu’a Emily Dickinson de faire apparaître Ophélie, mais sans jamais l’actualiser entièrement. Cette capacité est propre au poète, comme le définit Emerson. C’est aussi la multiplicité qu’offre Shakespeare au personnage d’Ophélie, cette même symbolique ophélienne, créée grâce aux multiples superpositions de calques qui se retrouvent à travers ses différentes représentations et les exploitations diverses de son iconographie. En se fondant fidèlement sur la doctrine originaire d’Horace « Ut Pictura Poesis erit », Ophélie prend vie dans la poésie d’Emily Dickinson. Cette doctrine rapporte les arts du langage à ceux de l’image, et souligne qu’une poésie muette (la peinture) est comme une peinture parlante (art poétique). Le poète enrichit ainsi le statut de peintre en élargissant sa palette de définition. L’importance d’Ophélie, dans la structure artistique d’Emily Dickinson, est mise en évidence, telle une armature silencieuse à sa composition poétique. C’est pourquoi on ne peut parler d’imitation mais d’influence, qui se fonde sur le concept de Différenciation, de lignes de fuite, de cartographie et enfin de Devenir-mineur vers la création de l’unique. C’est en effet par la soustraction et non l’addition que se crée l’individualité, telle la définition même du rhizome donnée par Gilles Deleuze. Une sorte de beau et une certaine souveraineté de la vérité peuvent alors s’en dégager comme le définit Keats, ce qui évoque la quête centrale de circonférence du poète. Cette thèse s’appuie sur les points cardinaux qui permettent de suivre Emily Dickinson le long de son parcours circonférentiel de vie et sa quête de son Nord-Ophélien. Selon les définitions de la notion de Concept chez Hume, Hegel et Deleuze, la mise en lumière du Concept Ophélien chez Dickinson sera possible. Pour cela, le poète répond à quatre critères : avoir une base de mimesis avec Ophélie – ce qui correspond à l’Est ; avoir la capacité d’en produire des créations ophéliennes – localisées au Sud ; aboutir à une innovation évolutive de son art – positionnée à l’Ouest ; et enfin, atteindre l’immortalité – située au Nord. Au final, cela permettra de définir chez Emily Dickinson le Devenir-Carte Ophélien et son exploitation du Concept Ophélien. / The Essence of Ophelia within the poetry and life of the poet is unveiled, based on a comparative study of Emily Dickinson and the diverse uses of Ophelia throughout time. This allows to put into evidence the undeniable influence of this so-called ‘minor’ character on Emily Dickinson’s imagination, and her ‘major’ role on the poet and her art. Jean-Luc Nancy explains that there is a point where text and image fuse, where their borders blur and it results in a creation of a non-figurative image – which thus relies solely on individuals’ senses. Ophelia’s symbolism has an abundant amount of layers which allows innumerable interpretations, embellished by The Poet (as defined by Emerson). By leaning faithfully on Horace’s doctrine “Ut Pictura Poesis erit”, Ophelia comes to life in the poetry of Dickinson. Horace’s goals was to place the art of language on the same level as visual arts, thus the idea that a mute poetry (painting) is such as a vocal painting (poetry). This doctrine modifies the status of image and widens the painter’s palette. Consequently, Ophelia will be such as a silent foundation to Emily Dickinson’s poetry, where there is no imitation but solely an artistic influence with the notion of Differentiation, lines of flight, mapping and becoming-Minor which leads to the creation of the unique. According to Keats, it can equivocate to a sovereign truth, central quest of Dickinson’s circumferential journey. This dissertation leans on cardinal points to follow Emily Dickinson along her circumferential journey and her quest of the Ophelian North. Based on the definition of Concept by Hume, Hegel and Deleuze, the Ophelian Concept of Emily Dickinson will be brought forward. In order for that to be possible, the poet will match four criteria: have a mimesis base with Ophelia – which is found in the East, be able to create from that – located in the South, then have it lead to an innovative artistic response – positioned in the West, and finally, that immortality be attained – established in the North. This will allow a definition of Emily Dickinson’s Ophelian Becoming-map and her use of the Ophelian Concept.

My dissertation maps the "scattered hegemonies" of the British Empire in the nineteenth-century British feminist utopian tradition. Beyond recovering this significant tradition of feminist thought and women's writing, my project considers the way these works both contest and replicate the dominant hegemony of the Victorian period. In the first chapter, "A Feminist Satirical Disutopia, Elizabeth Burgoyne Corbett's New Amazonia," I argue that New Amazoniais a satirical disutopiathat bears witness to the dystopic reality of women's status in nineteenth-century Britain. Through elliptical critiques of her own feminist utopia, Corbett creates a hybrid genre, enabling a multifaceted critique of her present and the space for theorizing a feminist future. The second chapter, "The Extinction of Patriarchy: F.E. Mills Young's War of the Sexes as a Parody of Patriarchy," considers the function of the gendered role-reversal in Young's feminist utopia. War of the Sexes, like New Amazonia, is less concerned with imagining an ideal future and focuses instead on exposing and investigating gendered oppression in the Victorian period. Through role-reversal, Young critiques the separate spheres doctrine that constructs gender difference and shows that the doctrine has deleterious effects on the nation's development. While both New Amazoniaand War of the Sexescritique gender inequality through role-reversal, Florence Dixie's Glorianadirectly addresses inequality through sustained gender performance. In "From Reform to Revolution: Gender Subversion in Florence Dixie's Gloriana," I aver that Dixie uses the title character's cross-dressing to undermine the gender roles created by the separate spheres doctrine. Throughout Gloriana, Dixie illustrates that gender is a social construction and that gendered oppression has a complex relationship to other intersecting forms of oppression, especially classism and imperialism. In "India as Feminist Utopia: Gender, Identity, and Nation in Amelia Garland Mears' Mercia," I demonstrate that Mears unlike Dixie, sees the scattered hegemonies of Victorian culture as too embedded to correct. Whereas Dixie's heroine starts a feminist revolution in Britain, Mears' heroine abandons England to find feminist utopia in India. Yet even as Mears replicates stereotypes and exoticizes the Other, she, like Dixie, recognizes the value of intersectional feminist critique. All four of these chapters highlight the heterogeneity of feminist thought to be found in nineteenth-century feminist utopias. Yet, even the most disparate visions of a feminist future respond to the same scattered hegemonies of the British Empire. In the conclusion, I bring two feminist utopias not traditionally categorized as British into the conversation: Annie Denton Cridge's Man's Rightsand Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain's Sultana's Dream. I include Cridge and Hossain as necessary components to complicate my analysis of the transnational flows of knowledge and the ways in which the scattered hegemonies of Empire continue to be replicated in Victorian literary studies and contemporary feminist thought in the Global North. I argue that the exclusion of works like Cridge's and Hossain's from the study of British literature further illustrates the persistent adherence to imperialistic nationalism in the Global North and point to a Global Anglophone feminist utopian tradition.