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Bioestimulantes contendo silício e micronutrientes aplicados via foliar em arroz de sequeiro / Foliar application of biostimulants containing silicon and micronutrients to upland riceVasconcelos, Ana Carolina Pereira de 20 February 2016 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / Na agricultura moderna, apesar de serem empregadas as mais modernas tecnologias de
cultivo de plantas e apesar dos progressos que têm sido feitos em programas de
melhoramento, o máximo potencial das culturas de interesse agronômico está ainda longe
de ser plenamente explorado. Assim, os bioestimulantes – uma categoria de produtos
relativamente novos de diversas formulações, os quais afetam positivamente processos
vitais de uma planta e apresentam grande potencial para uso na agricultura brasileira –
podem ser uma alternativa promissora para os orizicultores. O objetivo deste trabalho foi
conceituar e discutir o uso de agroquímicos de regulação hormonal e avaliar a influência de
duas fontes bioestimulantes de aplicação foliar com Tecnologia AZAL5 (extrato de
Ascophyllum nodosum) contendo silicato de potássio e micronutrientes, em aspectos
nutricionais e vegetativos, na cultura do arroz de sequeiro. O primeiro capítulo teve a
finalidade de, a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica, discutir o uso, os conceitos, os percalços
e os benefícios de bioestimulantes, biorreguladores, bioativadores, ácidos húmicos e
fúlvicos, bem como extrato de algas na agricultura brasileira. Os capítulos seguintes
consistiram de dois experimentos (testes biológicos) em que foram avaliadas as duas fontes
bioestimulantes – uma contendo silicato de potássio + molibdênio (Capítulo 2) e outra
contendo silicato de potássio + zinco (Capítulo 3) – aplicadas via foliar na cultura do arroz.
Os experimentos foram realizados em casa de vegetação, em vasos de 5 kg, com solo
classificado como Neossolo Quartzarênico, utilizando-se a cultivar BRS Primavera. O
delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, em arranjo
5 x 2. Os tratamentos consistiram de cinco doses (0; 1,50; 3,00; 4,50; 6,00 L ha-1), em dois
modos de aplicação (parcelado e não parcelado). Foram avaliados: teores de clorofilas A, B
e Total; teores foliares de silício e macro e micronutrientes; massa de matéria seca de raiz e
parte aérea. Foram testadas as pressuposições estatísticas dos dados obtidos com os testes
de normalidade de Kolmogorov-Smirnov e de homogeneidade das variâncias de Levene,
ambos a 0,01 de significância e submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste de Tukey a 0,05
de significância. Os dados significativos para o fator quantitativo (doses) foram submetidos
à análise de regressão. A aplicação da fonte bioestimulante contendo silicato de potássio +
molibdênio alterou os teores foliares de K, Ca, S, Zn, Cu e a produção de massa de matéria
seca de raiz; porém, não houve alteração nos teores foliares de N, P, Mg, Fe, Mn e Si, nos
teores das clorofilas A, B e Total aos 55 DAE e na produção de massa de matéria seca da
parte aérea em função das diferentes doses da fonte bioestimulante e dos diferentes modos
de aplicação. A aplicação da fonte bioestimulante contendo silicato de potássio + zinco
alterou os teores foliares de N, Ca, Mg, S, Zn e Cu e a produção de massa de matéria seca
de raiz; contudo, não houve alteração nos teores foliares de Si, P, K, Fe e Mn, na produção
de massa de matéria seca de parte aérea e nos teores das clorofilas A, B e Total aos 55 DAE
em função das diferentes doses da fonte bioestimulante e dos diferentes modos de
aplicação. / Despite the use of the most modern technologies of plant cultivation and the progress in
breeding programs, the full potential of crops of agronomic interest is still far from being
fully exploited. Biostimulants, a relatively new product category of various formulations,
positively affect vital processes of plants and have shown great potential for use in the
Brazilian agriculture, especially in the rice agriculture. The aim of this study is to discuss
the use of hormonal regulation agrochemicals and assess the agronomic and nutritional
efficiency of the foliar application of two biostimulants based on AZAL5 Technology
(extract of Ascophyllum nodosum) containing potassium silicate and micronutrients.
Chapter 1 draws on a review of the literature to discuss uses, concepts, benefits of and
obstacles to biostimulants, bioregulators, bio-activators, humic and fulvic acids, as well as
seaweed extract in the Brazilian agriculture. The following chapters report on two
experiments (biological testing) that assessed both biostimulants – one containing
potassium silicate + molybdenum (Chapter 2) and the other containing potassium silicate +
zinc (Chapter 3) – applied to upland rice foliage. The experiments were carried out in a
greenhouse, using 5-kg vases with Quartzipsamment soil and BRS Primavera cultivar. The
experimental design was completely randomized, with four repetitions in a 5 x 2 structure.
The treatments consisted of five doses (0; 1.50; 3.00; 4.50; 6.00 L ha-1) used in two modes
of application (single application or in portions). The following parameters were evaluated:
concentrations of chlorophyll A, B and Total; leaf content of macro and micronutrients and
Si; and dry matter of root and aerial part. Statistical assumptions were assessed for the
obtained data using Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test and Levene’s test for homogeneity
of variances, both set at 1%. Tukey’s test was used for analysis of variance and set at 5%
significance. The significant data for the quantitative factor (doses) were included in a
regression analysis. The application of biostimulant containing potassium silicate +
molybdenum significantly changed the leaf content of K, Ca, S, Zn and Cu, as well as the
production of dry matter of root. However, the leaf content of N, P, Mg, Fe, Mn and Si, the
concentrations of chlorophyll A, B and Total, and the production of dry matter of aerial part
were not significantly influenced by the different doses of said biostimulant and modes of
application. The application of biostimulant containing potassium silicate + zinc
significantly impacted on the leaf content of N, Ca, Mg, S, Zn and Cu, and on the
production of dry matter of root. However, the leaf content of Si, P, K, Fe, and Mn, the
production of dry matter of aerial part and the concentrations of chlorophyll A, B and Total
were not significantly influenced by the different doses of said biostimulant applied in
different modes. / Dissertação (Mestrado)
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Comparaison de différentes méthodes de conservation et d'extraction des composés phénoliques dans l'algue marine Ascophyllum Nodosum applicables dans les régions côtières et éloignées = Comparing the effects of different preservation and extraction methods on phenolic compounds in the sea weed Ascophyllum Nodosum applicable to remote coastal communitiesPoole, Jessica January 2019 (has links) (PDF)
No description available.
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Improving methane production using hydrodynamic cavitation as pre-treatment / Förbättrad methanproduktion med hydrodynamisk kavitation som förbehandlingAbrahamsson, Louise January 2016 (has links)
To develop anaerobic digestion (AD), innovative solutions to increase methane yields in existing AD processes are needed. In particular, the adoption of low energy pre-treatments to enhance biomass biodegradability is needed to provide efficient digestion processes increasing profitability. To obtain these features, hydrodynamic cavitation has been evaluated as an innovative solutions for AD of waste activated sludge (WAS), food waste (FW), macro algae and grass, in comparison with steam explosion (high energy pre-treatment). The effect of these two pre-treatments on the substrates, e.g. particle size distribution, soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD), biochemical methane potential (BMP) and biodegradability rate, have been evaluated. After two minutes of hydrodynamic cavitation (8 bar), the mean fine particle size decreased from 489- 1344 nm to 277- 381 nm (≤77% reduction) depending of the biomasses. Similar impacts were observed after ten minutes of steam explosion (210 °C, 30 bar) with a reduction in particle size between 40% and 70% for all the substrates treated. In terms of BMP value, hydrodynamic cavitation caused significant increment only within the A. nodosum showing a post treatment increment of 44% compared to the untreated value, while similar values were obtained before and after treatment within the other tested substrates. In contrast, steam explosion allowed an increment for all treated samples, A. nodosum (+86%), grass (14%) and S. latissima (4%). However, greater impacts where observed with hydrodynamic cavitation than steam explosion when comparing the kinetic constant K. Overall, hydrodynamic cavitation appeared an efficient pre-treatment for AD capable to compete with the traditional steam explosion in terms om kinetics and providing a more efficient energy balance (+14%) as well as methane yield for A. nodosum. / Det behövs innovativa lösningar för att utveckla anaerob rötning i syfte att öka metangasutbytet från biogassubstrat. Beroende på substratets egenskaper, kan förbehandling möjliggöra sönderdelning av bakterieflockar, uppbrytning av cellväggar, elimination av inhiberande ämnen och frigörelse av intracellulära organiska ämnen, som alla kan leda till en förbättring av den biologiska nedbrytningen i rötningen. För att uppnå detta har den lågenergikrävande förebehandlingsmetoden hydrodynamisk kavitation prövats på biologiskt slam, matavfall, makroalger respektive gräs, i jämförelse med ångexplosion. Effekten på substraten av dessa två förbehandlingar har uppmäts genom att undersöka distribution av partikelstorlek, löst organiskt kol (sCOD), biometan potential (BMP) och nedbrytningshastigheten. Efter 2 minuters hydrodynamisk kavitation (8 bar) minskade partikelstorleken från 489- 1344 nm till 277- 281 nm (≤77 % reduktion) för de olika biomassorna. Liknande påverkan observerades efter tio minuters ångexplosion (210 °C, 30 bar) med en partikelstorlekreducering mellan 40 och 70 % för alla behandlade substrat. Efter behandling med hydrodynamisk kavitation, i jämförelse med obehandlad biomassa, ökade metanproduktionens hastighetskonstant (K) för matavfall (+65%), makroalgen S. latissima (+3%), gräs (+16 %) samtidigt som den minskade för A. nodosum (-17 %). Förbehandlingen med ångexplosion ökade hastighetskonstanten för S. latissima (+50 %) och A. nodosum (+65 %) medan den minskade för gräs (-37 %), i jämförelse med obehandlad biomassa. Vad gäller BMP värden, orsakade hydrodynamisk kavitation små variationer där endast A. nodosum visade en ökning efter behandling (+44 %) i jämförelse med obehandlad biomassa. Biomassa förbehandlade med ångexplosion visade en ökning för A .nodosum (+86 %), gräs (14 %) och S. latissima (4 %). Sammantaget visar hydrodynamisk kavitation potential som en effektiv behandling före rötning och kapabel att konkurrera med den traditionella ångexplosionen gällande kinetik och energibalans (+14%) samt metanutbytet för A. nodosum.
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