This thesis presents a technique used to stochastically estimate the location of hidden discontinuities in carbon fiber composite materials. Composites pose a challenge to signal processing because speckle noise, as a result of reflections from impregnated laminas, masks useful information and impedes detection of hidden discontinuities. Although digital signal processing techniques have been exploited to lessen speckle noise and help to localize discontinuities, uncertainty in ultrasonic wave propagation and broadband frequency based inspections of composites still make it a difficult task. The technique proposed in this thesis estimates the location of hidden discontinuities stochastically in one- and two-dimensions based on statistical data of A-Scans and C-Scans. Multiple experiments have been performed on carbon fiber reinforced plastics including artificial delaminations and porosity at different depths in the thickness of material. A probabilistic approach, which precisely localizes discontinuities in high and low amplitude signals, has been used to present this method. Compared to conventional techniques the proposed technique offers a more reliable package, with the ability to detect discontinuities in signals with lower intensities by utilizing the repetitive amplitudes in multiple sensor observations obtained from one-dimensional A-Scans or two-dimensional C-Scan data sets. The thesis presents the methodology encompassing the proposed technique and the implementation of a system to process real ultrasonic signals and images for effective discontinuity detection and localization.

Thesis (MA(Clinical Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references.

Resumo: A classificação e padronização da madeira serrada é uma atividade de rotina, desenvolvida por países que se apresentam como grandes consumidores deste material. O Brasil não pratica a classificação dos materiais à base de madeira, em geral. Essa afirmação é particularmente verdadeira para o caso da madeira serrada. Em outros segmentos de mercado, em que o país ocupa posição de destaque como fornecedor internacional, tem-se visto forçado a estabelecer padrões mínimos de qualidade e a atingir marcas de conformidade, para continuidade dos fornecimentos. O Centro Virtual de Pesquisas em Madeiras - CEVEMAD, através do Laboratório de Ensaios de Materiais - FCA/UNESP tem desenvolvido pesquisas com o intuito principal de avaliar a sensibilidade dos ensaios não-destrutivos na avaliação de alguns defeitos potenciais presentes correntemente nas madeiras de rápido crescimento (notadamente pinus e eucalipto). No enfoque dado pelo CEVEMAD - Centro Virtual de Pesquisas em Madeiras, os ensaios não-destrutivos são encarados como ferramenta alternativa e/ou complementar no processo de classificação das madeiras (classificações quanto às classes de resistência e categorias de qualidade). Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal avaliar a sensibilidade dos principais métodos não-destrutivos como ferramentas alternativas e/ou complementares no processo classificatório de vigas (6cm x 12cm x 280 cm) de Eucalyptus sp. As madeiras empregadas no programa experimental foram obtidas a partir de material genético disponibilizado por empresas de reflorestamento da região do cerrado do Estado de Minas Gerais - MG. Foram amostradas 296 vigas de dimensões estruturais (6cm x 12cm x 280cm) de 10 clones distintos de Eucalyptus, que foram ensaiadas não-destrutivamente... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract : The classification and standardization of the sawn wood is an usual activity, developed by countries that come as great consumers of this material. Brazil does not practice the classification of wood base materials, in general. This is particularly true for the case of the sawn wood. In other segments, in which Brazil occupies prominente position as international supplier, it has been forced to establish minimum patterns of quality and to reach conformity marks. The Virtual Center of Researches on Wood - CEVEMAD, through the Laboratory of Testing Materials - FCA/UNESP - Sao Paulo State University - Brazil has carried out researches with the main objective of evaluating the sensibility of non-destructive tests in the evaluation of potential defects in wood from fast grown plantation (especially Pinus and Eucalyptus). In its peculiar focus, non-destructive tests are considered as alternative and/or complementary tool in the sawn wood classification process (either mechanical and visual classification). This work had the main objective of evaluating the sensibility of most common non-destructive tests in the classification of dimension lumber of from fast grown Eucalyptus plantation. Wood was obtained from genetic material supplied cultivated at Curvelo region, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. 296 beams of structural dimensions (6 cm x 12 cm x 280 cm) from 10 different clones of Eucalyptus were sampled. Beams were non-destructively (stress wave, ultrasound and resonance methods) and destructively (static bending and compression parallel to grain) tested. The results of tests were correlated, being considered the present defects in each one of the studied pieces and the non-destructive tests showed sensibility in the classification of pieces of structural dimensions of the sawn wood of Eucalyptus when framed in strips of velocity, both in the green condition and in the equilibrium moisture... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Adriano Wagner Ballarin / Coorientador: José Tarcisio Lima / Banca: Hernando Alfonso Lara Palma / Banca: Elias Taylor Durgante Seveo / Banca: José Tarcisio da Silva Oliveira / Banca: André Bartholomeu / Doutor

Ensaio não destrutivo é uma ferramenta essencial quando um equipamento, dispositivo ou componente não pode ser submetido a procedimentos destrutivos ou invasivos devido a razões de segurança, alto custo ou outras restrições físicas ou logísticas. Dentro deste quadro radiografias por transmissão com raios gama e nêutrons térmicos são técnicas singulares para inspecionar um objeto e desvendar sua estrutura interna devido à capacidade de atravessar uma vasta gama de materiais utilizados na indústria. Grosso modo, raios gama são mais atenuados por materiais pesados enquanto nêutrons térmicos são mais atenuados por materiais mais leves, tornando-as ferramentas complementares. Este trabalho apresenta os resultados obtidos na inspeção de vários componentes mecânicos, através da radiografia por transmissão com nêutrons térmicos e raios gama. O fluxo de nêutrons térmicos de 4,46x105 n.cm-2.s-1 disponível no canal principal do reator de pesquisa Argonauta do Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear foi usado como fonte para as imagens radiográficas com nêutrons. Raios dekeV emitidos pelo 198Au, também produzido no reator, foram usados como fonte de radiação para radiografias . Imaging Plates, especificamente produzidos para operar com nêutrons térmicos ou com raios X, foram empregados como detectores e dispositivos de armazenamento e captação de imagens para cada uma dessas radiações. Esses dispositivos exibem varias vantagens quando comparados ao filme radiográfico convencional. Com efeito, além de maior sensibilidade e serem reutilizáveis não são necessários câmaras escuras e processamento químico para a revelação. Em vez disso, ele é lido por um feixe de laser que libera elétrons armadilhados na rede cristalina durante a exposição à radiação, fornecendo uma imagem final digital. O desempenho de ambos os sistemas de aquisição de imagens, assim constituído, foi avaliado com respeito à sensibilidade, resolução espacial, linearidade e range dinâmico, incluído uma comparação com sistemas radiográficos com nêutrons empregando filmes e folhas de gadolínio como conversor de nêutrons em partículas carregadas. Além desta caracterização, diversos equipamentos e componentes foram radiografados com ambos os sistemas visando-se avaliar suas capacidades de desvendar a estrutura interna desses objetos e detectar estruturas e estados anormais. Dentro desta abordagem, uma neutrongrafia detectou a presença de material cerâmico remanescente empregado como molde no processo de fabricação nos canais de refrigeração de uma aleta do estator de uma turbina tipo turbo-fan, que deveria estar livre desse material. O reostato danificado de um sensor de pressão automotivo, foi identificado por neutrongrafia, embora nesse caso a radiografia também conseguiu realizar essa tarefa com melhor resolução, corroborando assim as curvas de resolução espacial obtidas na caracterização dos dois sistemas. A homogeneidade da distribuição do material encapsulado em uma gaxeta explosiva de chumbo utilizada na indústria aeroespacial foi igualmente verificada por neutrongrafia porque esse metal é relativamente transparente para nêutrons, mas suficientemente opaco para o explosivo rico em hidrogênio. Diversos outros instrumentos e componentes tais como variômetro, altímetro, bússola aeronáutica, injetor automotivo de combustível, foto-camera, disco rígido de computador, motor de passo, conectores eletrônicos e projéteis foram radiografados com ambos os sistemas visando avaliar suas habilidades em desvendar diferentes peculiaridades em função do agente interrogador. / Non-destructive testing is an essential approach whenever a piece of equipment, device, or component should not be submitted to a destructive or invasive procedure due to safety reasons, high costs or other physical or logistics constraints. Within this frame, transmission radiography with gamma-rays and thermal neutrons are unique techniques to inspect an object and unveil its inner structure thanks to their capability to pass through a wide range of materials employed in the manufacturing industry. Roughly, as a rule of thumb, gamma-rays are more attenuated by heavy materials, while thermal neutrons are attenuated by the light ones, making them complementary tools. This work presents the results obtained in the inspection of several mechanical components through neutron and gamma-ray transmission radiography. The 4.46 x 105 n.cm-2.s-1 thermal neutron flux available at the main port of the Argonauta research reactor in Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear has been used as source for the neutron radiographic imaging. The 412 keV gamma-ray emitted by 198Au, also produced in that reactor, has been used as interrogation agent for the gamma radiography. Imaging Plates - IP specifically designed to operate with thermal neutrons or with X-rays have been employed as detectors and storage devices for each of these radiations. These devices exhibit several advantages with regard to the conventional radiographic film. Indeed, besides a higher sensitivity and reusability, a dark chamber and a cumbersome chemical processing is not required for the development. Instead, it is carried out by a laser beam which interrogates the electric state of the crystal lattices of the IP, yielding a final digital image. Performances of both Image Acquisition Systems so constituted have been evaluated with regard to sensitivity, spatial resolution, linearity and dynamic range, including a comparison with the neutron radiographic system employing films and a Gd foil as neutron-to-charged particle converter. Besides this characterization, several pieces of equipment, have been radiographed with both systems aiming at the evaluation of their capability to unveil the inner features of these components and to detect abnormal structures or states. Within this frame, a neutron radiography detected the presence of remaining ceramic material - employed as a mold during the manufacturing process - in the cooling channels of a turbo-fan stator blade, which should be free of it. Neutron and gamma-ray radiographs have also shown the damaged rheostat of an automotive pressure probe, but the last one exhibited a better spatial resolution corroborating thus the results obtained during the characterization of both systems. The homogeneity of distribution of the stuff encapsulated in an explosive lead-gasket used in the aero-space industry has also been verified by neutron radiography, for this metal is fairly transparent to neutrons but opaque enough to the hydrogen-bearing explosive material. A diversity of other instruments and components such as variometer, altimeter, aeronautical compass, automotive fuel injector, photo-camera, computer hard disk, step-motor, electronic connectors and bullets have been as well radiographed with both systems addressing their ability to unveil different features according to the type of the employed interrogating agente.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaPPF_DISSERT.pdf: 3895025 bytes, checksum: 139d5ed551d6922e5b7f6e67a16602fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-06 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Polymer matrix composites offer advantages for many applications due their combination of properties, which includes low density, high specific strength and modulus of elasticity and corrosion resistance. However, the application of non-destructive techniques using magnetic sensors for the evaluation these materials is not possible since the materials are non-magnetizable. Ferrites are materials with excellent magnetic properties, chemical stability and corrosion resistance. Due to these properties, these materials are promising for the development of polymer composites with magnetic properties. In this work, glass fiber / epoxy circular plates were produced with 10 wt% of cobalt or barium ferrite particles. The cobalt ferrite was synthesized by the Pechini method. The commercial barium ferrite was subjected to a milling process to study the effect of particle size on the magnetic properties of the material. The characterization of the ferrites was carried out by x-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Circular notches of 1, 5 and 10 mm diameter were introduced in the composite plates using a drill bit for the non-destructive evaluation by the technique of magnetic flux leakage (MFL). The results indicated that the magnetic signals measured in plates with barium ferrite without milling and cobalt ferrite showed good correlation with the presence of notches. The milling process for 12 h and 20 h did not contribute to improve the identification of smaller size notches (1 mm). However, the smaller particle size produced smoother magnetic curves, with fewer discontinuities and improved signal-to-noise ratio. In summary, the results suggest that the proposed approach has great potential for the detection of damage in polymer composites structures / Materiais comp?sitos polim?ricos oferecem vantagens para v?rias aplica??es pela combina??o de propriedades como baixa densidade, elevada resist?ncia mec?nica e m?dulo de elasticidade espec?ficos e resist?ncia a corros?o. Entretanto, por n?o serem magnetiz?veis, esses materiais n?o permitem a utiliza??o de t?cnicas de avalia??o n?o destrutivas que utilizem sensores magn?ticos. Ferritas s?o materiais com excelentes propriedades magn?ticas, estabilidade qu?mica e resist?ncia ? corros?o. Devido a essas propriedades esses materiais s?o promissores para o desenvolvimento de comp?sitos de matriz polim?rica com propriedades magn?ticas. Neste trabalho, discos de comp?sitos de fibra de vidro/ep?xi foram produzidos com adi??o de 10% em massa de part?culas de ferrita de cobalto ou de b?rio. A ferrita de cobalto foi sintetizada pelo m?todo Pechini. A ferrita comercial de b?rio foi submetida a um processo de moagem para se estudar o efeito do tamanho de part?cula nas propriedades magn?ticas do material. A caracteriza??o das ferritas foi realizada pelas t?cnicas de difra??o de raio x (DRX), microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV-FEG) e magnetometria de amostra vibrante (MAV). Entalhes circulares com di?metros de 1, 5 e 10 mm foram introduzidos nos discos de comp?sitos com o aux?lio de uma broca para avalia??o n?o-destrutiva por meio da t?cnica de fuga de fluxo magn?tico (MFL). A abordagem apresentada permitiu identificar todos os entalhes introduzidos nos discos. Os resultados indicaram que os sinais magn?ticos medidos nos discos com a ferrita de b?rio sem moagem e de cobalto apresentaram boa correla??o com a presen?a dos entalhes. O processo de moagem por 12 h e 20 h n?o contribuiu para a melhor identifica??o de entalhes de menor dimens?o (1 mm). Entretanto, o menor tamanho de part?cula permitiu produzir curvas magn?ticas mais suaves, com menos descontinuidades e melhor rela??o sinal-ru?do. Em resumo, os resultados sugerem que a abordagem proposta tem grande potencial para a detec??o de falhas em estruturas de materiais comp?sitos polim?ricos

[pt] É notório que a resistência global de uma estrutura composta por várias camadas coladas depende diretamente da qualidade da adesão entre as mesmas. Imperfeições ao longo das interfaces de adesão comprometem significativamente a performance da estrutura. A caracterização não destrutiva destas imperfeições é geralmente tarefa muito difícil. O principal objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um método analítico-numérico que permite modelar o campo acústico resultante da interação entre ondas ultra-sônicas e interfaces imperfeitas, auxiliando na escolha de parâmetros para o emprego de métodos ultra-sônicos de inspeção. No trabalho, a aproximação quase-estática, proposta por Thompson em meados da década de oitenta,é combinada com o método das perturbações para a modelagem de defeitos localizados ao longo da camada de adesão. O método desenvolvido admite que as camadas sejam feitas de materiais anisotrópicos, e permite a modelagem em altas frequências. Três simulações são apresentadas para exemplificar a aplicação do método. Resultados destas simulações onde feixes ultra-sônicos são incidentes em placas imersas em água revelam frequências e ângulos de incidência para os quais efeitos de espalhamento, que permitem a caracterização de defeitos localizados, são mais significativos. / [en] It is well known that the global strength of multi-layered composite structures strongly depends on the quality of the adhesion between its constituent elements. Imperfections along interfaces of adhesion can strongly compromise structure s performance. The characterization of such defects is a very difficult task. The main goal of this study is the development of an analytic-numerical method to simulate the acoustic field resulting from the interaction between ultrasonic waves and imperfect interfaces, helping in selection of parameters for ultra-sonic inspecting methods. The Quasistatic-approximation (QSA), introduced by Thompson in 1982, is applied together with the perturbation method to allow modelling of interfacial localized aws. A solution algorithm for the problem is developed with the aid of the invariant embedding method. It is applicable to solve wave propagation problems in arbitrarily anisotropic layered plates and it is stable for high frequencies. Three simulations of multi-layered plates immersed in acoustic uid are presented as illustration of the application of the developed method. Results of those simulations indicate the frequencies and angles of incidence where the scattering effects, which allow the characterization of localized defects, are more significant.

Orientador: Olga Ceciliato Mattioli / Banca: Ana Teresa de Abreu Ramos Cerqueira / Banca: Maria Lúcia Boarine / Resumo: Os acidentes infantis constituem um problema de saúde pública, causam mortes, deixam seqüelas físicas e psicológicas. A cada ano, 160 mil crianças e adolescentes brasileiros morrem ou se tornam incapazes, vítimas de acidentes. O estudo dos acidentes infantis mostra-se complexo na medida em que deve contemplar fatores sociais e contextuais além das motivações psicológicas, individuais, muitas vezes inconscientes do acidentado. O suporte teórico deste estudo teve como base contribuições da teoria psicanalítica e da teoria crítica. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo entender os acidentes infantis domésticos, em crianças atendidas, no ano de 2000, pelo Pronto-Socorro do Hospital Escola de Maringá-PR. Os participantes foram oito crianças acidentadas na faixa etária de zero a dez anos, com histórico de reincidência, selecionados após um levantamento em 10.944 prontuários. Foram também realizadas entrevistas com pais ou responsáveis pela criança acidentada e com quatro médicos pediatras e uma enfermeira vinculada ao Programa Governamental Saúde da Família. As entrevistas com os profissionais tiveram o objetivo de compreender a visão que estes têm sobre os acidentes infantis. A análise dos dados foi realizada a partir de quatro grandes determinantes, a saber: o acidente como acontecimento casual, o acidente como conseqüência do descuido ou negligência do adulto cuidador, o acidente como manifestação da violência física contra a criança e o acidente como um traço depressivo da criança. Os resultados permitiram associar os acidentes a fatores sociais, biológicos, de gênero e psicológicos. Em muitos momentos os acidentes têm servido para ocultar a depressão... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The infantile accidents constitute a public health problem, cause deaths, and let physical and psychological sequels. Each year 160 thousand Brazilian children and adolescents die or become disabled, victims of accidents. The study on infantile accidents is complex considering that they must embrace social and contextual factors, besides the casualty's sometimes unconscious psychological and individual motivations. This study theoretical support was based on contributions of both the psychoanalytic and critical theories. This research aimed at understanding the domestic infantile accidents of children attended in 2000 by the first-aid clinic of the School Hospital from Maringá city, state of Paraná. The participants were eight children who had suffered an accident between zero to ten year of age, with relapse history, selected after a research in 10.944 handbooks. Interviews with the parents or responsible for the children who had suffered the accident, and with four pediatric doctors and a nurse linked to the Family's Health Governmental Program have been performed. The interviews with the professionals aimed at understanding their point of view concerning the infantile accidents. The data analysis was based on four determinants: the accident as a casual event, the accident as a consequence of the carelessness or negligence of the adult responsible for the children, the accident as the manifestation of the physical violence against the child, and the accident as a depressive profile of the child. The findings allowed us to associate the accidents to psychological, sex, biological and social factors. Many times the accident have contributed to hide the depression, the negligence, and the violence against the child, assuming different meanings... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Mestre

The sustainability, smooth operation and operational life of rotating machinery significantly rely on the techniques that detect the symptoms of incipient faults. Among the faults in rotating systems, the presence of a crack is one of the most dangerous faults that dramatically decreases the safety and operational life of the rotating systems, thereby leading to catastrophic failure and potential injury to personnel if it is undetected. Although many valuable techniques and models have been developed to identify a crack (or cracks) in stationary and rotating systems, finding an efficient technique (or model) that can identify a unique vibration signature of the cracked rotor is still a great challenge in this field. This is because of the unceasing necessity to develop high performance rotating machines and driving towards significant reduction of the time and cost of maintenance. Most of the crack identification techniques and models in the available literature are based on vibration-based methods. The main idea of the vibration-based method is that the presence of a crack in a rotor induces a change in the mass, damping, and stiffness of the rotor, and consequently detectable changes appear in the modal properties (natural frequencies, modal damping, and mode shapes). Among all these modal properties, the choice of the modal natural frequency change is more attractive as a tool for crack identification. The changes in natural frequencies due to a crack can be conveniently measured from just a few accessible points on the cracked rotor. Furthermore, measuring the natural frequencies does not require expensive measuring instruments, and the natural frequency data is normally less contaminated by experimental noise. However, the change that a crack induces in the natural frequencies is usually very small and can be buried in the ambient noise. Moreover, the natural frequencies are not affected if the crack is located at the nodes of modes or far from the location of inertia force and out-of-unbalance force that the disc generates in the shaft. To overcome these problems (or limitations), therefore, this study is conducted using the idea of the roving mass (roving disc in rotor case). The modal natural frequencies are used for the identification and location of cracks of various severities at different locations in both stationary and rotating shafts. The fundamental idea of the roving disc is that an extra inertia force is traversed along the cracked rotor to significantly excite the dynamics of the rotor near the crack locations. In other words, the location of a crack can be anywhere on the shaft which is contrary to the developed techniques in the available literature in which the location of a crack should be close to the disc. Along with the roving disc idea, three crack identification techniques are developed in this study using the natural frequencies of the cracked and intact shafts. Each of these techniques has its merits and limitations for crack identification. These techniques are implemented using data that are numerically generated by the finite element method based on the Bernoulli-Euler shaft elements and experimentally validated in the laboratory environment. The numerical and experimental results clearly demonstrate the capability of the suggested approach for the identification and location of cracks in stationary and rotating shafts.

Afin de pouvoir détecter un défaut dans un composite, plusieurs méthodes de contrôle non destructif ont été développées. Le but de ce travail est de localiser un délaminage dans un stratifié carbone / époxyde en utilisant deux méthodes : la thermosonique et la thermographie. La première méthode consiste en une excitation par ultrasons et une détection par caméra IR. Pour la seconde technique, le matériau est irradié par une onde thermique et la détection est aussi réalisée par une caméra IR. Afin de comparer les résultats obtenus, des tests par immersion ultrasons C-scan ont été réalisés sur les échantillons. Cette méthode permet d'obtenir une cartographie du délaminage présent dans le stratifié. Un algorithme de comparaison entre la détection du délaminage faite par les ultrasons C-scan et les deux méthodes a permis de révéler les différences de forme du défaut détecté. Différents traitements d'images ont été appliqués aux images IR obtenues : des analyses temporelles et des analyses spatiales/temporelles. L'étude de l'évolution instantanée ainsi que l'évolution globale de la température se sont révélées prometteuses pour la thermosonique. L'image la plus décorrélée obtenus par l'analyse en composante principales donne un résultat tout aussi satisfaisant pour cette méthode. Pour la méthode sans contact, la thermographie, l'étude de la phase a permis de révéler la forme du délaminage avec la même précision que la thermosonique.Une comparaison de ces deux méthodes a été réalisée afin de mettre en évidence leurs avantages et leurs inconvénients. / To detect a defect in a composite, several methods of non destructive testing have been developped. The aim of this work is to find a delamination in polymer matrix laminates thanks to two methods : thermosonics and thermography. The first method consists of an ultrasonic excitation and a detection by an IR camera. For the second technique, the plate is irradiated with a thermal wave and the detection is also performed by an IR camera. To compare the results, ultrasonic immersion tests were performed on the samples. This method provides a map of the delamination in the laminate. An algorithm for comparing the detection of delamination made by the ultrasonic C-scan and both methods revealed differences in the shape of the detected defect. Several image processing have been applied to the IR images recorded : temporal analysis and spatial / temporal analysis. The study of the instant evolution and the global evolution of the temperature are promissing for thermosonics. The most uncorrelated image obtained by principal component analysis gives is satisfactory for this method. For thermography, the non contact method, the phase study revealed the shape of delamination with the same precision as thermosonics.A comparison between the two methods was realised to highlight their advantages and their drawbacks.

Pentecostalism has grown from its founding days in 1900 in Topeka, USA and has extended its reach to most parts the world including Africa where it took off in the 1970s and continues to grow with many mega churches being established. In addition to their main role of taking care of the spiritual development of their followers, many Pentecostal churches have begun to get involved in provision of social and economic goods and services. This has however attracted attention to the churches with some of them being labelled as businesses, their founders being considered as entrepreneurs hiding under the guise of churches and seen as exploiting their followers. The purpose of the thesis is to explore, through research questions, if entrepreneurial activities are carried out in the Pentecostal churches in Uganda and if so, whether such activities can be considered productive, unproductive or destructive entrepreneurship and what their implications are. This qualitative study employed qualitative methods of data collection and deductive approach with primary data collected through semi-structured interviews with 6 members of Pentecostal churches in Kampala and 1 non-member that regularly goes to Pentecostal churches to get a feel of their activities. The findings show that there the Pentecostal churches carryout a number of entrepreneurial activities that address spiritual, social and economic aspects of the church members and the community. The study further shows that some of these entrepreneurial activities have a positive impact on the church members and the community and by extension the state whereas some activities do not improve the church members and the community and others have a negative impact on the church members and the community. It is shown through this thesis that determining the implication of the entrepreneurial activities is complicated when such activities are lumped together and not considered individually since some of the activities in the Pentecostal may be productive while some may be unproductive or destructive. The contribution of this thesis is by proposing a matrix as an alternative tool for analysis of the various entrepreneurial activities in the Pentecostal churches by considering their effect on different stakeholders to determine if the activity achieved the reason for its establishment.