Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Survivors of sexual assault make difficult privacy management decisions regarding their experiences, particularly in romantic relationships where physical intimacy makes these sensitive disclosures even more complex. As fever is an indicator of illness and a part of healing from the illness, disclosure can be an indicator of underlying disturbance and a part of the restorative process. Additionally, communication privacy management (CPM) theory considers ownership, control, and turbulence to illustrate how private information is regulated. Through qualitative, semi-structured interviews (n=19) and a phronetic iterative approach to data analysis, I examined the ways survivors of sexual assault managed their private information regarding their experiences in a romantic relationship and if disclosure relieved any psychological distress of the survivor. Results of this study offer insight into the ways participants controlled their personal information through the privacy management process; the establishment of boundaries surrounding ongoing disclosures; and the emotional effect of various privacy management strategies on participants, their partners, and the relationship. Reaching across theoretical concepts, this research offers a comprehensive understanding of the factors salient when managing private information regarding sexual assault. This research also provides practical applications for considering the influence of various privacy management approaches and their influence on the physical and psychological health of the survivor and the health of the relationship.

Each year, hundreds of thousands of children fall victim to child abuse in the United States, most often perpetrated by a parent or legal guardian (Children’s Bureau – An Office of the Administration for Children and Families, 2015). The current project used secondary data from a Children’s Advocacy Center to explore abuse disclosure rates in forensic interviews. The three main objectives of this project were as follows: 1) to determine whether children with certain demographic characteristics (i.e., race, gender, and age) were more likely to disclose abuse, 2) to determine whether interviewers with certain demographic characteristics (i.e., race and age) were more likely to elicit a disclosure from a child, and 3) to determine whether children were more likely to disclose abuse when they were matched with an interviewer of the same race, or a similar age. This research found that females, older children, victims of physical abuse and those who witnessed a violent crime, and children referred from the police department were the most likely to disclose abuse. Additionally, when the child and the interviewer were similar in age, the child was more likely to disclose abuse.

This research will contribute to the literature of managerial ability and analyst following as well as narrative disclosure in the following ways. This study is the first to investigate the association between managerial ability and external information intermediaries such as financial analysts to the best of our knowledge. Most of the earlier studies on managerial ability focus on firms’ internal information environment such as operating and financial decisions, and limited studies examine the relation between managerial ability with external perception of the information environment and narrative disclosures. We extend this literature by examining how managerial ability impacts the firm's external information environment, affecting informational intermediaries' work processes, such as financial analysts. We find that managers' higher ability leads to better performance by financial analysts regarding their forecast error, dispersion, and willingness to provide coverage on the firm. We also step further by employing more advanced and novel measures to assess managerial ability's impact on market intermediaries’ external work and perception. Able managers impact reporting informativeness, response time, and the uncertainty of the forecasts from financial analysts. Further, we examine informational channels or mediators (i.e., analyst following and readability of narrative disclosure), highlighting how managerial ability can be linked the better performance by financial analysts. We intend to show how variables like disclosure readability and analyst following mediate between managerial ability and analyst forecast properties (i.e., error and Dispersion). In the last part of the research, we answer how analysts' better performance can be a channel to help able managers increase their firms' value (i.e., analyst’s forecast error acts as the channel from the managerial ability to firm’s performance).

The purpose of this qualitative study was to identify salient beliefs about disclosing drug use to healthcare providers among a convenience sample of adults who use drugs in the United States. This study differs from previous research by using the Reasoned Action Approach as the theoretical framework which allows the intention to disclose to be explored. A sample of 5 adults were recruited from Bluelight.org, with ages above 35 years for all participants. Primary drugs differed among the sample with two participants using primarily opioids, heroin as the primary drug for one participant, and stimulants as the primary drug for two participants. Data was collected using an open-ended web survey. Content analysis was performed on the data using a pragmatic worldview. Data was analyzed using the Reasoned Action Approach concepts relating to behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, and control beliefs. Among the sample, advantages to disclosing drug use included improved healthcare and finding help while disadvantages primarily included discrimination and stigmatization. When asked about normative referents that would encourage disclosure, family and healthcare providers were provided most. However, those who would discourage disclosure were people who know the consequence, pain patients, and support groups. Stigma and discrimination appeared again as response to a question about groups or people who would be least likely to disclose. When asked about factors that would increase the likelihood of disclosure, being listened to without consequences and a variety of healthcare provider qualities (e.g., caring, trustworthy, etc.) were provided most often. Factors that would decrease the likelihood of disclosure were less conclusive and diminished health/healthcare was the only salient belief identified. The findings of this study align with previous literature on the consequences of stigma and discrimination while also providing a base of literature for future research on the topic using the Reasoned Action Approach.

Background and problem: Accounting shall give a true and a fair view of a company, where an annual report´s compliance with IFRS 7 and risk disclosure ratio is highly valued by stakeholders. Risks are always a relevant topic, as they arise unexpectedly and society´s expectations of businesses change. The information that companies provide regarding risk, both current and potential, is highly relevant to their stakeholders. Thus, risk disclosures are arguably one of the most important elements in the analysis of annual reports. This implies that companies’ risk disclosures are actualized and problematized, where compliance with Covid-19 related risks, interest rate risk and geopolitical instability increases the complexity of risk disclosures. As a result of the preceding, there is a valid reason to examine the extent to which companies listed on Nasdaq OMX Stockholm are complying with the IFRS framework and the IFRS 7 standard regarding to risk disclosures. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which companies listed on Nasdaq OMX Stockholm provide information about risks in their annual reports. The study also aims to examine which factors affect the level of risk disclosure in companies’ annual reports. Research issue: To which extent do companies listed on Nasdaq OMX Stockholm provide risk disclosures in their annual reports and what are the factors that affect this choice? Method: The study adopts a quantitative research strategy in order to achieve the objectives set by there search issue. The research material consists of each company’s annual report from 2022, which implies that these are the source of information and that a content analysis is performed to quantify the content. The study has excluded the financial sector, as they are subject to special rules. The factors that are examined in the statistic models used to explain the effects on the amount of risk disclosures are: companysize, industry, audit firm, the size of the board of directors, the date of publication of the annual report and the number of pages in the annual report. The final sample size is 64 companies. Results and conclusions: The results of the study accept the hypothesis that firm size is an explanatory factor in the extent to which companies provide risk disclosures in their annual reports in relation to IFRS7. The remaining hypotheses are rejected, as the results could not prove any significance for the sevariables in relation to the extent of risk disclosures.

No description available.

HIV-related disclosure concerns are associated with higher rates of concealment and poorer well-being, including poorer health related HIV quality of life (HIV-QOL). Little research, however, has examined whether gender differences exist in the links between HIV disclosure concerns and HIV-QOL. We expected that disclosure concerns and gender would be associated with HIV-QOL, such that the relationship between disclosure concerns and poorer HIV-QOL to be stronger in women living with HIV (WLWH) than in men living with HIV (MLWH). One hundred and forty MLWH (n = 102) and WLWH (n = 38) completed an online questionnaire consisting of measures regarding their demographics, disclosure concerns (HIV-stigma scale), and HIV-QOL (HIV-AIDS-Targeted Quality of Life Instrument). Results suggested that more disclosure concerns were associated with poorer HIV-QOL, but in general, men and women did not differ in their levels of HIV-QOL. As expected, interactions emerged between gender and disclosure concerns such that disclosure concerns were associated with increased health worries and poorer sexual functioning for WLWH but not for MLWH. Interventions should acknowledge the differing needs and experiences of WLWH in order to improve HIV-QOL and increase longevity.

Mobbningen i skolorna har ökat. Indirekt mobbning är svårupptäckt, eftersom den är ämnad att döljas för alla utom den utsatta. Skolpersonals okunskap och subjektiva bedömningar i mobbningsincidenter begränsar elevers utsikter att få gehör vid rapportering. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka skolpersonals erfarenheter av lågstadieelevers rapportering av indirekt mobbning och att belysa strategier skolor har för att upptäcka lågstadieelevers utsatthet. Kvalitativ analys av åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer med yrkesverksamma inom lågstadiet, utfördes. Det framkom existera ett mörkertal av indirekt mobbning på lågstadiet, varpå deltagarna insisterade på samverkan och kunskap för att upptäcka utsatthet. Krav på arbetet bidrog till upplevd stress, vilket försummade möjligheterna till anknytning mellan personal och elever. Teoretiskt kopplades studien till anknytningsteorin då både forskning och denna studies deltagare menar att tillit skapar förutsättningar för att elever ska rapportera mobbning. Slutsatsen dras att ökad bemanning kan stärka tilliten i elev-personalrelationer, vilket således ökar utsikterna att indirekt mobbning upptäcks.

Bakgrund:Sexuella övergrepp mot barn ger många negativa hälsomässiga konsekvenser. En stor andelav de barn som utsatts för sexuella övergrepp berättar inte om det för någon och forskningvisar att de i genomsnitt är tysta om övergreppen i genomsnitt 17,2 år. Orsakerna till att barn berättar om att de är utsatta för sexuella övergrepp är att de känner ett behov av att berätta om det för att den psykiska påfrestningen är så stor och för att de vill förhindra övergrepp. De berättar också om sexuella övergrepp när de får möjligheten genom kunskap och tillitsfulla relationer där de blir tillfrågade. Syfte:Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt är att redogöra för vad som får barn att berätta om att de är utsatta för sexuella övergrepp. Metod:Metoden i denna studie är en litteraturöversikt. Det gjorde systematiska litteratursökningars om resulterade i åtta artiklar som svarade mot studiens syfte. Artiklarna som användes till resultatet i studien kvalitetsgranskades och sammanställdes i teman och subteman. Resultat:I resultatet framkom två teman och fem subteman. De teman som togs fram var ‘’behov av att berätta’’ och ‘’möjlighet att berätta’’. Subteman var ‘’psykisk påfrestning att hålla hemligheten’’, ‘’förhindra övergrepp’’, ‘’barns kunskap om sexuella övergrepp’’, ‘’tillitsfulla relationer’’ och ‘’att bli tillfrågad’’. Konklusion:Barn behöver känna ett behov av att berätta och uppleva en möjlighet att berätta för att kunna berätta om sexuella övergrepp. / Background:Child sexual abuse lead to a range of negative health consequences. A large amount of those who are subject to abuse don’t tell anyone about it, and research indicates that in average they stay silent for 17,2 years. The reasons why children tell about sexual abuse is that they feel the need to because of the intolerable psychological burden and a strong wish to prevent further abuse. They also talk about abuse when they are given the opportunity through knowledge of child sexual abuse and when asked about it in trusting relationships. Aim:The aim of the study is to describe what makes children say that they are exposed to sexual abuse. Method:The method in this study is a literature review. Systematic literature searches were done that resulted in eight articles that corresponded to the purpose of the study. The articles used fort he results of the study were quality reviewed and compiled into themes and sub-themes. Results:The results revealed two themes and five sub-themes. The themes that were developed were"need to tell" and "opportunity to tell". Subthemes were "mental strain to keep secret","prevent abuse", "children's knowledge of sexual abuse", "trusting relationships" and "to be asked". Conclusion:Children have to feel the need to tell and experience an opportunity to tell in order to be able to talk about sexual abuse.

For the healthcare provider, disclosing a pediatric patient's difficult diagnosis in the form of an acute or chronic condition to the parents is a challenging task. Healthcare providers often feel unprepared when relaying the news of such diagnosis, and the parents feel equally unprepared upon receiving it (Pririe, 2012). This systematic literature review examined the various communication techniques used in the past, and the techniques' effectiveness in increasing parental satisfaction when first learning of the child's diagnosis. A scarce number of studies related to the most effective techniques were found in the literature, and even fewer were found that evaluated the techniques presented. Overall, three of the most commonly occurring communication themes identified from the studies were: 1) Parents desired privacy during the disclosure and wanted a support system present (mostly a spouse); 2) The diagnosis must be given as soon as the healthcare provider suspected it, and; 3) The healthcare provider must emphasize the positive characteristics of the pediatric patient, as well as the patient's future with the diagnosis. Both parents and providers agreed that further research is needed to identify effective communication techniques used during disclosure. The aim of the research should be to identify the most effective means of communication to increase parental satisfaction. Furthermore, all healthcare providers need collaborative and interdisciplinary training in delivering a difficult diagnosis to increase parental satisfaction.