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This qualitative study sought insights into forced migrant youths’ sense of belonging. The study was part of the Youth Migration Project, an ongoing investigation of how young forced migrants construct their identities, sense of belonging, and future aspirations while perched on the edge of mainstream society – without normative entitlements or a voice in decision-making about their futures. Through purposive and snowball recruitment methods, the project gathered narratives of 52 forced migrant youth aged 11 to 17 who were born in conflict areas of Asia and Africa, primarily in Myanmar, Afghanistan, Syria, Pakistan, Iran, and Somalia. In the present study, I focused on the experiences of eight forced migrant female participants living in prolonged displacement in Malaysia. My guiding research question was: How do the processes and experiences of forced migration shape migrant youths’ sense of belonging? Through a mixed-method approach, including a novel, arts-based peer-mediated storyboard narrative method, now known as Storyboard Peers, and follow-up interviews, youth shared their migration narratives, the challenges they faced while living in Malaysia, and their expectations and aspirations for their futures. The theme of safety figured prominently in the girls’ accounts and I constructed the themes of physical safety and social safety to represent the data the girls contributed. The girls’ sense of belonging and feeling at home had a direct relationship with feeling safe, valued, and loved. I also found that their physical and social environments informed their sense of belonging. Sense of belonging is neither a static nor a fixed concept; rather it is a flexible, everchanging, and reconstructed with ongoing, everyday experiences, reflections on the past, and anticipations of what the future could hold. The girls’ accounts conveyed that feelings of “belongingness” and “at home” shifted from tangible places and familiar faces to abstract concepts such as love, peace, and family. Overall, feeling safe and “at home” were rooted in basic needs being met. My findings lead me to call for governments and nongovernmental organizations to significantly reduce the length of time that youth spend in transit, promote safety, combat discrimination, fulfill basic needs, and ensure access to education and healthcare. / Graduate

This study encompasses various aspects of corrosion in chloride molten salt environments, employing electrochemical techniques and a forced convection loop. It explores corrosion thermodynamic properties, electrochemical corrosion kinetics, and flow-induced dynamic corrosion. The study developed a novel electrochemical method for measuring thermodynamic properties of corrosion products and develops a new analysis theory for potentiodynamic polarization data obtained from cathodic diffusion-controlled reactions. Additionally, the design and operation experience of a forced convection chloride molten salt loop is shared. Particularly, the study presents novel findings on the turbulent flow-induced corrosion phenomenon and mechanism of Fe-based alloys in Mg-based chloride molten salt. These outcomes provide valuable insights into the corrosion mechanisms and flow-induced corrosion of Fe-based alloys in chloride molten salt. The results and experiences shared in this paper have implications for the successful implementation of molten salt as an advanced heat transfer fluid and thermal energy storage material in high-temperature applications, benefiting the nuclear and concentrating solar communities. / Doctor of Philosophy / This study explores the corrosion behavior of materials chloride molten salt, which is used in advanced energy systems. By using advanced techniques, the researchers investigated how these materials react and corrode in different conditions. They developed new methods to measure the properties of the corrosion products and analyzed how different factors affect the corrosion process. Additionally, they shared their experiences in building and operating a flow loop to simulate these conditions. The study discovered interesting phenomena, such as how the flow of molten salt can cause corrosion in certain types of metals. These findings provide important insights for improving the use of molten salt as a heat transfer fluid and energy storage material in advanced energy technologies.

Today's high performance aircraft are operating in expanded flight envelopes, often maneuvering at high angular rates at high angles-of-attack, even above maximum lift. Current aerodynamic models are inadequate in predicting flight characteristics in the expanded envelope, such as rapid aircraft departures and other unusual motions. Unsteady flows of aircraft are of real concern. The ability to accurately measure aerodynamic loads directly impacts the ability to accurately model and predict flight. Current wind tunnel testing techniques do not adequately address the data fidelity of a test point under the influence of fluctuating loads and moments. Additionally, forced oscillation test techniques, one of the primary tools used to develop dynamic models, do not currently provide estimates of the uncertainty of the results during an oscillation cycle. Further, in testing models across a range of flight conditions, there are frequently parts of the envelope which are well behaved and require few data points to arrive at a sound answer, and other parts of the envelope where the responses are much more active and require a large sample of data to arrive at an answer with statistical significance. Currently, test methods do not factor changes of flow physics into data acquisition schemes, so in many cases data are obtained over more iterations than required, or insufficient data may be obtained to determine a valid estimate. Methods of providing a measure of data integrity for static and forced oscillation test techniques are presented with examples. A method for optimizing required forced oscillation cycles based on decay of uncertainty gradients and balance tolerances is also presented. / Master of Science

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The Syrian civil war and the subsequent displacement crisis it caused, changed the international community’s understanding of forced migration in the contemporary context. Even more than a decade after the conflict began, over half the population of Syria remains displaced indicating the continued importance of this crisis. The literature has overwhelmingly focused on those Syrians who crossed international borders. However, those who remain internally displaced, and the patterns that their displacement within Syria has taken, provide insightful information on the drivers of forced migration more widely. By looking at subnational variation in migration patterns, this study seeks to answer the question: what explains patterns of internal forced displacement within Syria? I argue that the patterns seen throughout the Syrian civil war are an outcome of state policies that push displacement in certain populations and regions of the country as a method of helping ensure regime victory. These tactics go beyond common decision-making explanations, putting culpability for displacement back onto government actors. A qualitative examination of strategies employed by the Syrian regime during the civil war as well as a spatial and temporal analysis of IDP movements within Syria between 2016 and 2019 show evidence for the tactics used by the regime that have driven Syrian internal displacement.

En av de mest centrala delarna av undervisningen i lågstadiet fokuserar på svenskämnet och speciellt elevers läsförmåga. Trots obligatoriska screeningmoment och nationella bedömningsstöd uppfattar personal inom skola att kartläggning av läskunskaper är tidskrävande, komplext och subjektivt till följd av dess manuella format. Denna studie undersöker hur en automatiserad läs-screening kan implementeras som ett kompletterande verktyg i lågstadiet genom forced alignment. Syftet är att fastställa om ett program är tillräckligt pålitligt för att underlätta screeningprocessen och tidigare kunna identifiera elever med lässvårigheter. Genom intervjuer med personer som jobbar inom skola och framtagandet av en prototyp har resultaten analyserats. Studiens slutsats blev att det finns fördelar med att komplettera den manuella läs-screeningen med ett automatiskt verktyg, men att det inte går att dra några slutsatser om huruvida verktyget går att implementera i samtliga skolor med positiva effekter. Det kan vara mer fördelaktigt att använda sig av ett automatiskt verktyg i mellanstadiet, men till följd av låg svarsfrekvens vid intervjuer kan detta inte fastställas. / One of the most central parts of the education in lower school is Swedish and especially reading skills. Even though there are mandatory screening moments and national evaluation support, employees in schools think of the screenings as a timeconsuming, complex, and subjective process due to their manual format. This study investigates how an automatized reading screening can be implemented in lower school as a complemental tool by forced alignment. The purpose is to confirm whether a program is reliable enough to make it easier to perform reading screening and earlier identify pupils with reading difficulties. By interviewing employees in schools and creating a prototype, the results have been analyzed. The study concluded was that there are advantages of having an automatic complementary tool in the reading screening process. Still, there was not possible to make any conclusions about whether the tool can be implemented in all schools with positive effects. It could be more beneficial to use an automatic tool in middle school, but due to low answering frequency, this cannot be established.