Orientador: Ary dos Santos Pinto / Banca: Dirceu Barnabé Raveli / Banca: Lídia Parsekian Martins / Banca: Renato Rodrigues de Almeida / Banca: Claudemir Rossato / Resumo: Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo geral avaliar a discrepância de tamanho dentário, na oclusão normal e nos diferentes tipos de más oclusões e a sua relação com as medidas que determinam a forma de arco e o posicionamento dentário na região anterior. Para tanto, foram estudados 185 pares de modelos, divididos em 4 grupos: Grupo 1 (composto por 41 pares com Oclusão Normal, sendo 20 do gênero masculino e 21 do gênero feminino); Grupo 2 (composto por 44 pares com má oclusão de Classe I, divisão 1, sendo 22 do gênero masculino e 22 do gênero feminino); Grupo 3 (composto por 54 pares com má oclusão de Classe II, sendo 28 do gênero masculino e 26 do gênero feminino) e Grupo 4 (composto por 46 pares com Classe III, sendo 23 do gênero masculino e 23 do gênero feminino). Observou-se que não ocorreu dimorfismo sexual entre as discrepâncias de tamanho dentário e os diferentes tipos de oclusão dentária; as proporções estabelecidas por Bolton não se aplicaram ao grupo com Oclusão Normal; na Oclusão Normal, Classe I, Classe II e Classe III, houve um predomínio de excesso dentário total (RAZ12) no arco inferior; na Classe I houve uma igualdade na distribuição de excesso dentário anterior (RAZ6) nos arcos superior e inferior; na Oclusão Normal, Classe II e Classe III, ocorreu um predomínio de excesso dentário anterior (RAZ6) no arco inferior, em relação ao arco superior; os excessos dentários não contribuíram na ocorrência das más oclusões e; as discrepâncias total e anterior (RAZ12 e RAZ6) não interferiram diretamente nas larguras e comprimentos dos arcos, bem como no posicionamento dos dentes anteriores. / Abstract: The general purpose of this study was to evaluate tooth size discrepancy in normal occlusion and in different malocclusion types and its relationship to measurements which determine arch form and anterior tooth positioning. One hundred and eighty five sets of casts of leucoderms were divided into four groups: Group 1 (consisted of 41 pairs of models with Normal Occlusion, 20 males and 21 females); Group 2 (consisted of 44 pairs of models with Class I malocclusion, 22 males and 22 females); Group 3 (consisted of 54 pairs of models with Class II, div. 1, malocclusion, 28 males and 26 females) and Group 4 (consisted of 46 pairs of models with Class III malocclusion, 23 males and 23 females). No sexual dimorphism was observed between tooth size discrepancies and different types of dental occlusion; the proportions stated by Bolton were not applied to the Normal Occlusion group; in Normal Occlusion, Class I, Class II and Class III there was an overall ratio excess in the lower arch; in Class I there was an equal anterior excess distribution in upper and lower arches; in Normal Occlusion, Class II and Class III there was a prevalent incidence of anterior ratio excess in lower arch; upper arch excess did not contribute to malocclusion occurrence and overall and anterior discrepancies did not interfere with arch width and length, as well as with anterior tooth positioning. / Doutor

Estudo qualitativo. Teve como objetivos Identificar os significados atribuídos à dor por mulheres que vivenciaram o parto vaginal, Analisar a vivência da dor segundo a percepção de mulheres que pariram por via vaginal e Discutir as estratégias vivenciadas pelas mulheres para aliviar a dor durante o trabalho de parto e parto vaginal. Os dados foram coletados no Alojamento Conjunto da maternidade da Unidade Integrada de Saúde Herculano Pinheiro com puérperas que passaram algum tempo dos seus trabalhos de parto na instituição. O instrumento para coleta de dados foi a entrevista semi-estruturada. As entrevistas foram gravadas, transcritas e os dados tratados com a técnica de Análise temática de Conteúdo. Para análise dos dados foi utilizado um referencial teórico pertinente aos diversos modelos assistenciais ao parto no Brasil. Vimos que as mulheres significam a dor no parto como sofrimento e/ou prazer e esse sofrimento tem a dimensão redentora influenciada pela Igreja, a dimensão heróica influenciada pela cultura e a dimensão inútil influenciada pela medicalização que retira os significados da dor. Elas significam a dor também com o prazer quando a relaciona com o bebê e com a saúde. As depoentes viveram a dor no parto sentindo uma sensação intensa e até violenta ou fisiológica que tem características próprias e são pertinentes ao processo de parturição. Algumas mulheres não focaram sua atenção na dor. Ela valorizaram mais as respostas psicoemocionais. As depoentes sentiram mais dor quando estavam dentro do hospital sofrendo as intervenções do seu modelo assistencial. Perante a dor no parto elas estrategicamente seguem os conselhos medicalizadas e comportam-se de forma civilizada. Outras mulheres utilizam estratégias instintivas para lidar com a dor no parto. Todas as estratégias utilizadas parecem ter por finalidade a finalização do processo parturitivo. / Qualitative study. Its object was to identity the meanings attributed to the pain by women who experienced vaginal childbearing, analyze the experience of the pain according to the perception of women who gave birth through vaginal delivery and discuss the strategies experienced by women to alleviate the pain during labor and delivery. The data was collected at the Unidade Integrada de Saúde Herculano Pinheiro with women in their immediate puerperium who had their childbearing labor at that institution. The data was collected through a semi-structured interview. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and the data treated through the technique of Thematic Content Analysis. For the data analysis, a theoretical standpoint was adopted pertaining to the various models of childbearing assistance in Brazil. We discovered that women see the pain in labor as suffering and/or pleasure and that suffering carries the redeeming aspect as influenced by the Church, the heroic aspect as influenced by culture and the useless aspect as influenced by the medicalization which removes all the significance of pain. They also see the pain as pleasure when they associate it to the child and health. The interviewed women experienced the pain in labor as an intense sensation, sometimes even violent or physiological, which bears its own characteristic relating to the delivery process. Some women did not focus on the pain. They valued the psycho-emtional response more. The interviewed women felt more pain while inside the hospital enduring the interventions of their assistential model. When facing the pain in labor, those women strategically follow the medicalized advice and behave in a civilized manner. Other women employ instinctive strategies to deal with the pain in labor. All the strategies used seem to aim to complete the delivery process.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-12-29T17:18:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaValdeniceResendeSoares_TESE.pdf: 5352874 bytes, checksum: b1136208f5f6e0506e476d3cda7932a6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-02T20:02:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaValdeniceResendeSoares_TESE.pdf: 5352874 bytes, checksum: b1136208f5f6e0506e476d3cda7932a6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-02T20:02:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaValdeniceResendeSoares_TESE.pdf: 5352874 bytes, checksum: b1136208f5f6e0506e476d3cda7932a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-19 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Curso Normal Regional de Mamanguape (1949-1957)- educa??o redentora para ascens?o e controle social ? um escrito hist?rico, que nascido no seio de um Programa de P?s - gradua??o em Educa??o, responde ao seu objetivo de pesquisa: compreender as pr?ticas escolares desenvolvidas ao longo da trajet?ria educacional desta institui??o. O nosso recorte temporal se justifica pelo tempo de funcionamento deste curso, de seu nascimento, que ocorre na cria??o do Curso Normal Regional de Mamanguape (1o ciclo do ensino normal), pelo Decreto n?. 151, de 24 de mar?o de 1949 at? o seu t?rmino em 1957, pois, neste ano houve a conclus?o da ?ltima turma do Curso Normal Regional no munic?pio. A prefer?ncia dos discentes pelo curso ginasial instalado no ano de 1952 no Instituto Moderno (abrigo de outras institui??es, entre elas o Curso Normal Regional de Mamanguape e o Gin?sio Mathias Freire) foi um dos fatores que levou o encerramento das atividades do curso de prepara??o de professoras para o ensino prim?rio. Dialogamos com referenciais que compreendem as realidades vividas como constru??es sociais complexas, um exerc?cio, que nos levou a busca de ind?cios para compor uma narrativa mais pr?xima poss?vel do real, do vivido neste espa?o educativo. A dimens?o do real aqui exposto est? ancorada na ideia difundida por Chartier (2009, 2013), o qual desloca a no??o de verdade por representa??o. Revelam-nos modos de ser e fazer a partir de intera??es m?ltiplas de indiv?duos que se interligam, segundo Elias (1970) numa configura??o social por grupos interdependentes. Cada movimento pressup?e alian?a, conflito, disputas dur?veis ou n?o na institui??o educativa e esta deve ser analisada, de acordo com Magalh?es (2004), por meio do estudo de uma polifonia em a??o, onde duas ou mais vozes se desenvolvem preservando a mesma textura sonora, neste caso, a mesma inten??o: a forma??o de professoras para o ensino prim?rio. Utilizamos fontes (n?o) oficiais (leis, of?cios, relat?rios, jornal, livros memorial?sticos e caderno de estudo) e oral e iconogr?fica cedidas por duas ex-alunas do curso. Identificamos nas leituras feitas a partir das fontes, duas categorias de an?lise: g?nero e cultura escolar. Desta feita, conclu?mos que a cria??o e instala??o do Curso Normal Regional de Mamanguape, em 1949, foi um processo inicial de um movimento de renascimento econ?mico e cultural do munic?pio, desenvolvido por um grupo da elite social mamanguapense, destacando o car?ter redentor da educa??o, visto como um meio de ascens?o e controle social. Bem como, a forma??o de professoras prim?rias, imbu?das da fun??o social da mulher como esposa, m?e e professora respons?vel pelo bem estar da crian?a e do adulto, alegria da casa e seguran?a de uma p?tria forte. / Regional normal course of Mamanguape (1949-1957) - redemptive education to rise and social control is a historical writing, that born within a Post - Graduate Education, responds to your research objective: to understand the school practices developed throughout the educational trajectory of this institution. Our time record is justified by the running time of this course, of his birth, which occurs in the creation of Regional Normal Course of Mamanguape (1 of normal education cycle), by Decree no. 151 of 24 March 1949 until its end in 1957, because this year was the completion of the last class of the Regional Normal Course in the municipality. The preference of students for junior high school installed in 1952 at the Modern Institute (under other institutions, including the Regional Normal Course of Mamanguape and Gymnasium Mathias Freire) was one of the factors that prompted the closure of preparation course activities teachers for primary education. Dialogued with references which understand the realities experienced as complex social constructions, an exercise which led us to search for clues to compose one narrative closest as possible to the real, the lived in this educational area. The dimension of actual exposed here is anchored in the idea spread by Chartier (2009, 2013), which shifts the notion of truth by representation. They show us ways of being and doing from multiple interactions of individuals who are interconnected, according to Elias (1970) in a social configuration for interdependent groups. Every movement presupposes alliance, conflict, durable disputes or not in the educational institution and it should be analyzed, according to Magalh?es (2004), through the study of polyphony in action, where two or more voices develop preserving the same sound texture in this case, the same intention: the training of teachers for primary education. Use documents (not) official (laws, crafts, reports, newspaper, books and memoirs study book) and oral and iconographic source courtesy of two former students of the course. We identified in the readings taken from the sources, two analytical categories: gender and school culture. On this occasion, we conclude that the creation and installation of the Regional Normal Course of Mamanguape, in 1949, was an early process of economic and cultural revival movement of the city, developed by a group of mamanguapense social elite, emphasizing the redemptive character of education, It is seen as a means of ascent and social control. As well as the training of primary teachers, imbued with the social role of woman as wife, mother and teacher responsible for the welfare of the child and adult, joy of the house and security of a strong country.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-01-27T12:56:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MarciaMariaAlvesDeAssis_TESE.pdf: 6861288 bytes, checksum: 855e747e28e844f4feaa63b210700420 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-31T11:07:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MarciaMariaAlvesDeAssis_TESE.pdf: 6861288 bytes, checksum: 855e747e28e844f4feaa63b210700420 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-31T11:07:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarciaMariaAlvesDeAssis_TESE.pdf: 6861288 bytes, checksum: 855e747e28e844f4feaa63b210700420 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-29 / A pesquisa analisa a hist?ria do ensino de Matem?tica na Escola Normal de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, entre 908 e 1970. Teve como objetivo constituir um percurso hist?rico acerca do ensino de Matem?tica na Escola Normal de Natal, de modo que pudesse revelar alguns aspectos da trajet?ria da Aritm?tica, da Geometria e do Desenho no curr?culo da forma??o de professores prim?rios na Escola Normal de Natal nesse per?odo. Respalda-se nos conceitos utilizados pela Hist?ria Cultural, em Burke (2004) e Thompson (2004), Chartier (1990). Fundamenta-se nos pressupostos da Cultura Escolar, em Julia (2001) e outros, e na hist?ria das disciplinas escolares, em Chervel (1990). Utilizamos como principais fontes de pesquisa fotografias e outros documentos que fazem parte de um repert?rio pr?prio da Cultura Escolar. Essas fontes documentais foram encontradas principalmente nos arquivos do Instituto de Educa??o Superior Presidente Kennedy, no Arquivo P?blico do Estado do RN, no Instituto Hist?rico e Geogr?fico do RN, e na Casa de C?mara Cascudo. O estudo evidenciou que um dos primeiros livros textos de matem?tica, elaborado para a pr?tica do ensino prim?rio no estado do RN foi ?Exerc?cios de Numera??o?, pautado no m?todo intuitivo de autoria de Francisco Pinto de Abreu, professor e diretor da Escola Normal de Natal, no in?cio do s?culo XX. E que os programas de ensino e o material did?tico utilizado na Escola Normal de Natal tinham como par?metro os de outros estados brasileiros, principalmente os estados de S?o Paulo, Rio de Janeiro e Minas Gerais, pois alguns documentos revelam que o diretor Nestor Lima esteve em miss?o de estudo para conhecer e trazer estes par?metros para a constitui??o dos programas do RN. Constatamos ainda que, os programas de ensino da Escola Normal de Natal no per?odo estudado se constitu?ram em tr?s fases, o de 1916, o de 1938 e o de 1969. E que os principais livros did?ticos de matem?tica utilizados na primeira metade do s?culo XX foram Aritm?tica Elementar de Ant?nio Bandeira Trajano, ?lgebra do Ensino M?dio da FTD, Li??es de Matem?tica de Algacir Maeder, ?lgebra Elementar de Ant?nio Bandeira Trajano. E na segunda metade do s?culo XX foram utilizados livros did?ticos e manuais pedag?gicos que tinham pressupostos pedag?gicos pautados na pedagogia Escolanovista e ind?cios do Movimento da Matem?tica Moderna. Evidenciamos no estudo que a pr?tica de ensino dos professorandos da Escola Normal ocorria na Escola Modelo desde a sua cria??o em 1908 at? o in?cio da d?cada de 1970, em tr?s fases que perdurava de abril a novembro no ?ltimo ano do curso, e que na pr?tica da Aritm?tica era onde os professorandos obtinham menores resultados. Constatamos que no ano de 1958 o Curso do Professor Malba Tahan na Escola Normal teve boa repercuss?o e foi considerado como um avan?o no ensino de matem?tica da ?poca. E ainda que as revistas pedag?gicas que circulavam no RN e principalmente a Revista Pedagogium editada pela Associa??o dos Professores do RN davam suporte ? forma??o continuada dos professores a partir de 1921 e nestas revistas algumas mat?rias de matem?tica foram bastante significativas para o ensino da ?poca. / The research analyzes the history of mathematics teaching on Natal Normal School, Rio Grande do Norte, between 1908 and 1970. The objective was to provide a historical background about mathematics teaching on Natal Normal School, so that he could reveal some aspects the trajectory of arithmetic, geometry and design in the curriculum of primary teacher training on Natal Normal School in this period. Supports to the concepts used by the Cultural History, Burke (2004) and Thompson (2004), Chartier (1990). It is based on the assumptions of School Culture in Julia (2001) and others, and in the history of school subjects in Chervel (1990). We used as main sources of research photographs and other documents that are part of a repertoire of School Culture. These documentary sources were mainly found in the Higher Education Institute President Kennedy files in the RN State Public Archives, the Historical and Geographical Institute of the RN, and Cascudo house. The study showed that one of the first books mathematics texts prepared for the practice of primary education in the state of RN was "Numbering Exercises", based on intuitive method by Francisco Pinto de Abreu, professor and director of the Normal School Natal at the beginning of the twentieth century. And that education programs and teaching materials used in Natal Normal School had as a parameter in other Brazilian states, especially the states of S?o Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais, as some documents reveal that the director Nestor Lima was in study mission to meet and bring these parameters for the establishment of RN programs. We also acknowledge that educational programs of the Normal School Natal during the study period consisted of three phases, the 1916, the 1938 and the 1969. And the main math textbooks used in the first half of the twentieth century were Elementary arithmetic Antonio Flag Trajano, Algebra School of FTD, Math Lessons Algacir Maeder, elementary algebra Antonio Flag Trajan. And in the second half of the twentieth century they were used textbooks and teaching manuals had pedagogical assumptions guided by the New School pedagogy and the Modern Mathematics Movement evidence. We show in this study that the teaching practice of the Normal School professorandos occurred in the Model School since its inception in 1908 until the early 1970s, in three phases that lingered from April to November in the last year of the course, and that in practice Arithmetic was where professorandos obtained lower results. We note that in 1958 Professor Course Malba Tahan at the Normal School had good response and was considered a breakthrough in the teaching of mathematics at the time. And although the pedagogical journals circulating in newborns and especially Pedagogium Magazine edited by the Association of Teachers RN gave support to the continuing education of teachers from 1921 and these magazines some math materials were quite significant for teaching time.

This research theme is the historical trajectory of the discipline History of Education in the formation of normal course students of the Colégio Nossa Senhora do Patrocínio, located in Patrocínio, Minas Gerais. The time line covers the period between 1947, when the institution started offering teaching formation education 2nd Cycle and simultaneously there is the issue of the discipline History of Education in the curriculum, and 1971, when there was 1st and 2nd degrees Reform. As a general objective aims to interpret the historical trajectory of the discipline History of Education in teacher training undertaken in the normal course of the Colégio Nossa Senhora do Patrocínio, encompassing an approach to identity, space, time, knowledge and teaching methods in the period between 1947 and 1971. As a research method is proposed as literature, documentary research and the use of testimonials from normal course students as empirical evidence (heuristics) to textual interpretation and argumentation (hermeneutics). As a theoretical basis, it recognizes the importance of thinking André Chervel (1990) as a reference for investigations into the History of School Disciplines. Furthermore, we chose to analyze the determinants according to the categories stipulated by Santos (2007): the presence, identity, standards and objectives; programmatic profile, profile faculty and student profile; teaching materials. Other authors such as Almeida Filho (2008), Araújo, Freitas and Lopes (2008), Azzi (1994), Bastos (2006), Bourdieu (2007) (2004), Carvalho and Gatti Júnior (2011), Gatti Júnior and Pintassilgo (2007), Gatti Júnior and Inácio Filho (2005), Guiraldelli Jr. (1994), Nagle (1974), Nóvoa (1994), Nunes (1996), Roballo (2007), Romanelli (1996), Saviani (2007), Segers et al (1995) and Tanuri (2000) were also key to the development of this thesis. The presence and historical trajectory of the discipline of History of Education at the Colégio Nossa Senhora do Patrocínio can be understood taking into account contextual aspects, institutional, ideological and pedagogical intrinsically related to the genesis, function and operation of discipline within the curriculum, covering purposes prescribed and real purposes. As part of a course aimed at normal course students in a Catholic confessional institution, discipline takes basically two functions related to education as an instrument of indoctrination Catholic, and education, as inventory of pedagogical ideals, major educational events developed throughout history. / A presente investigação tem como tema a trajetória histórica da disciplina História da Educação na formação de normalistas do Colégio Nossa Senhora do Patrocínio, situada em Patrocínio, Minas Gerais. O recorte temporal engloba o período entre 1947, quando a instituição passa a ofertar o Ensino Normal de 2.º ciclo e, simultaneamente, há a introdução da disciplina História da Educação no currículo, e 1971, quando da Reforma de 1.º e 2.º graus. Como objetivo geral pretende-se interpretar a trajetória histórica da disciplina História da Educação na formação de professores empreendida no Curso Normal do Colégio Nossa Senhora do Patrocínio, englobando uma abordagem da identidade, do espaço, do tempo, dos saberes e métodos pedagógicos, no período entre 1947 e 1971. Como método de investigação propõe-se a pesquisa bibliográfica, a pesquisa documental e o uso de depoimentos das normalistas como evidências empíricas (heurística) para a interpretação e argumentação textual (hermenêutica). Como fundamentação teórica, reconhece-se a relevância do pensamento de André Chervel (1990) como referência para as investigações relativas à História das Disciplinas Escolares. Além disso, optou-se por analisar as determinantes conforme as categorias estipuladas por Santos (2007): presença; identidade; normas e finalidades; perfil programático; perfil docente e perfil discente; materiais pedagógicos. Outros autores como Almeida Filho (2008), Araújo, Freitas e Lopes (2008), Azzi (1994), Bastos (2006), Bourdieu (2007) (2004), Carvalho e Gatti Júnior (2011), Gatti Júnior e Pintassilgo (2007), Gatti Júnior e Inácio Filho (2005), Guiraldelli Jr. (1994), Nagle (1974), Nóvoa (1994), Nunes (1996), Roballo (2007), Romanelli (1996), Saviani (2007), Segers et al (1995) e Tanuri (2000) também foram fundamentais para o desenvolvimento da presente tese. A presença e a trajetória histórica da disciplina História da Educação no Colégio Nossa Senhora do Patrocínio pode ser compreendida levando-se em consideração aspectos contextuais, institucionais, ideológicos e pedagógicos intrinsecamente relacionados à gênese, à função e ao funcionamento da disciplina no contexto curricular, abrangendo finalidades prescritas e finalidades reais. Como parte de um curso voltado para normalistas em uma instituição confessional católica, a disciplina assume basicamente duas funções voltadas à educação, como instrumento de doutrinação católica, e ao ensino, como inventário das ideais pedagógicas, dos principais eventos educacionais desenvolvidos ao longo da história. / Doutor em Educação

The number children and young people with high blood pressure has been increasing. The current lifestyle is one of the contributing factors to the disease. The most adverse is poor quality diet and excessive intake of salt. Further, the energy expenditure is lower, e.g. due lack of physical activities. Many children and young people do not have enough information about the risks of high blood pressure and its prevention. It is critical to identify groups with a risk of hypertension, i.e. children and young people with the so-called ?high normal? blood pressure. At the beginning we set four objectives: to learn the blood pressure measuring techniques suitable for children ? using digital and mercury tonometers, to find 25 ? 30 children with the ?high normal? blood pressure, to instruct nurses, particularly in the primary care, about the correct technique of blood pressure measurement in children and to compare the values of blood pressure measured with mercury and digital tonometers. The research was conducted in basic and secondary schools in České Budějovice and in a pediatric surgery. The researched group consisted of children and young people aged 13 ? 18. To achieve the first objective we measured blood pressure in 613 children with a digital tonometer and to achieve the second objective we measured blood pressure in 50 children both with mercury and digital tonometers. The results have been presented in form of tables. We found out that it was not necessary to examine more children, as we had expected, to get a sample group of 30 children with the ?high normal? blood pressure. Further, we found out that there was no significant difference between the values measured with a mercury tonometer and with a digital tonometer. The results have shown that it is essential to use the correct technique for blood pressure measurement in children. Based on our findings we have developed an educational material for nurses.

abstract: The goal of this theoretical study of infrared spectra was to ascertain to what degree molecules may be identified from their IR spectra and which spectral regions are best suited for this purpose. The frequencies considered range from the lowest frequency molecular vibrations in the far-IR, terahertz region (below ~3 THz or 100 cm-1) up to the highest frequency vibrations (~120 THz or 4000 cm-1). An emphasis was placed on the IR spectra of chemical and biological threat molecules in the interest of detection and prevention. To calculate IR spectra, the technique of normal mode analysis was applied to organic molecules ranging in size from 8 to 11,352 atoms. The IR intensities of the vibrational modes were calculated in terms of the derivative of the molecular dipole moment with respect to each normal coordinate. Three sets of molecules were studied: the organophosphorus G- and V-type nerve agents and chemically related simulants (15 molecules ranging in size from 11 to 40 atoms); 21 other small molecules ranging in size from 8 to 24 atoms; and 13 proteins ranging in size from 304 to 11,352 atoms. Spectra for the first two sets of molecules were calculated using quantum chemistry software, the last two sets using force fields. The "middle" set used both methods, allowing for comparison between them and with experimental spectra from the NIST/EPA Gas-Phase Infrared Library. The calculated spectra of proteins, for which only force field calculations are practical, reproduced the experimentally observed amide I and II bands, but they were shifted by approximately +40 cm-1 relative to experiment. Considering the entire spectrum of protein vibrations, the most promising frequency range for differentiating between proteins was approximately 600-1300 cm-1 where water has low absorption and the proteins show some differences. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Physics 2012

Cette thèse traite de la réduction d’ordre de modèle du phénomène communément rencontré dans la modélisation de microsystèmes, à savoir, dans la littérature anglaise, le « squeeze-film damping ». Dans un premier chapitre sont présentées les différentes méthodes de réduction d’ordre de modèle. Dans le cas des systèmes linéaires, elles ont un cadre théorique bien établi. Ces méthodes peuvent être adaptées pour les systèmes non-linéaires. La validité des modèles réduits résultants sera alors réduite à un certain espace des phases, leur établissement faisant intervenir certaines trajectoires particulières servant d’apprentissage. On présente finalement la méthode des modes normaux non-linéaires dont les modèles résultants ne dépendent pas d’une trajectoire d’apprentissage. Au chapitre 2, on s’intéresse plus particulièrement au phénomène de « squeeze-film damping » régi par l’équation de Reynolds. Après avoir détaillé son établissement à partir de certaines hypothèses, on décrit les différentes méthodes de résolution de l’équation linéaire puis non-linéaire de la littérature. On compare ensuite les résultats d’un modèle de l’équation de Reynolds à des simulations éléments finis de l’équation de Navier-Stokes afin de valider les hypothèses faites pour la dérivation de l’équation de Reynolds. On propose ensuite une résolution originale par changement de variable. On étudie aussi plusieurs autres résolutions possibles ainsi que plusieurs bases de projection parmi celles décrites dans le premier chapitre. Le chapitre 3 est consacré à la modélisation du problème couplé que constitue le micro-interrupteur MEMS qui est un candidat au remplacement des interrupteurs à base de transistors dans les communications RF. Sa modélisation fait intervenir trois domaines, la mécanique, l’électrostatique, et la fluidique à travers l’équation de Reynolds. Après voir décrit les différents modèles de la littérature, on propose un modèle réduit couplé dont le modèle fluidique est basé sur le modèle établi au chapitre 2. Ce modèle est validé par rapport à des modèles différences finies et à des résultats expérimentaux de la littérature.Enfin le quatrième chapitre traite de la réduction du coût d’évaluation du modèle réduit couplé de micro-interrupteur du chapitre 3. La première méthode proposée consiste à trouver une fonction d’approximation de la projection de la force fluidique sur le premier mode mécanique, fonction des coordonnées modales mécaniques position et vitesse. Cette méthode ne se révèle valable que dans le cas incompressible. Dans le cas compressible, la résolution de l’équation de Reynolds restant obligatoire, on utilise la méthode de Rewienski et al. qui consiste à linéariser par morceaux les fonctions régissant la dynamique. Une autre méthode de linéarisation par morceaux, tirant parti d’une particularité du modèle du chapitre 2 et permettant de s’affranchir d’une trajectoire d’apprentissage, est également proposée. / This thesis deals with reduced-order modelling of squeeze-film damping, a fluidic phenomenon that is commonly encountered in MEMS. In the first chapter, reduced-order modelling methods are presented. For linear systems, well-established theories exist. They can be adapted to nonlinear systems. However, the resulting reduced-order models are valid in a certain region of the state-space only, depending on the training trajectory. The method of nonlinear normal modes, which does not depend on a training trajectory is also introduced. Chapter two is focused on the squeeze-film damping phenomenon governed by the Reynolds equation. We first establish the equation from appropriate hypotheses, and then present the different resolutions of its linear and nonlinear form found in literature. The results from a model based on the Reynolds equation are then compared to results from a finite element Navier-Stokes model, in order to validate the various hypotheses made. An original method of resolution based on a change of variable is then proposed. Several other method of resolution are studied as well as different projection bases amongst those presented in chapter one.Chapter three is dedicated to the modelling a micro-switch, a candidate to the replacement of switches based on transistors in RF communications. Its modelling implies the coupling of three domains: mechanics, electrostatics, and fluidics with Reynolds equation. Following a description of the models from literature, a coupled model is proposed, the fluidic model being the one presented in chapter two. This model is validated compared to finite difference models as well as experimental data from the literature.Finally, the fourth chapter aims at reducing the evaluation cost of the coupled micro-switch model established in chapter three. The first method consists in finding an approximation function of the projection of the fluidic force on the first linear mechanical mode as a function of the mechanical modal coordinates, position and speed. This method is applicable in the incompressible case only. In the compressible case, the Reynolds equation has to be solved. The method of Rewienski and al., which consists in piecewise-linearizing the functions governing the dynamics, is used. Another method based on a piecewise-linear approach, taking advantage of the particular structure of the model presented in chapter two, thus not depending on a training trajectory, is proposed.

Denna rapport jämför tre stycken texturmappningsalgoritmer vars uppgift är att öka detaljrikedomen på ytor utan att tillföra några extra polygoner. Algoritmerna är tre stycken pixel-shaders vars uppgift är att skapa illusionen av tre dimensioner istället för två på de ytor algoritmerna är applicerad på. Ytor med få polygoner ska se ut att bestå utav många fler. Fyra expriment har utförts på tre, till formen mycket olika, 3D-modeller tillsammans med tre olika texturuppsättningar berstående utav färg-, normal- och höjdtextur. Resultatet visar att alla tre tekniker har olika starka och svaga sidor och på så vis sina optimala användningsområden.

Cette thèse porte sur le comportement asymptotique des systèmes dynamiques et contient cinq chapitres indépendants.Nous considérons dans la première partie de la thèse trois systèmes dynamiques concrets. Les deux premiers chapitres présentent deux modèles de systèmes physiques : dans le premier, nous étudions la structure géométrique des langues d'Arnold de l'équation modélisant le contact de Josephson; dans le deuxième, nous nous intéressons au problème de Lagrange de recherche de la vitesse angulaire asymptotique d'un bras articulé sur une surface. Dans le troisième chapitre nous étudions la géométrie plane du billard elliptique avec des méthodes de la géométrie complexe.Les quatrième et cinquième chapitres sont dédiés aux méthodes générales d'étude asymptotique des systèmes dynamiques. Dans le quatrième chapitre nous prouvons la convergence des moyennes sphériques pour des actions du groupe libre sur un espace mesuré. Dans le cinquième chapitre nous fournissons une forme normale pour un produit croisé qui peut s'avérer utile dans l'étude des attracteurs étranges de systèmes dynamiques. / This thesis deals with the questions of asymptotic behavior of dynamical systems and consists of six independent chapters. In the first part of this thesis we consider three particular dynamical systems. The first two chapters deal with the models of two physical systems: in the first chapter, we study the geometric structure and limit behavior of Arnold tongues of the equation modeling a Josephson contact; in the second chapter, we are interested in the Lagrange problem of establishing the asymptotic angular velocity of the swiveling arm on the surface. The third chapter deals with planar geometry of an elliptic billiard.The forth and fifth chapters are devoted to general methods of studying the asymptotic behavior of dynamical systems. In the forth chapter we prove the convergence of markovian spherical averages for free group actions on a probablility space. In the fifth chapter we provide a normal form for skew-product diffeomorphisms that can be useful in the study of strange attractors of dynamical systems.